四、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的单词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。
注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
warn situation compare as high inside bad reach call slow us nearly
Nature shows itself in many ways. One of its 36 forms is a kind of storm known as a typhoon, cyclone or hurricane. The names of the storm are different in different areas. When the storms form in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, they are 37 typhoons. In the South Pacific and Indian Oceans, they are named cyclones. In the central and eastern North Pacific and the North Atlantic Oceans, they are hurricanes.
The storm can stretch(延伸) over 900 kilometres across. The winds 38 it can reach a speed of more than 320 kilometres an hour. The storm may also reach a 39 of up to 15 kilometres. When the storm 40 the land, it can probably bring heavy rain. And the heavy rain often causes floods and washes away buildings.
A new study shows that, 41 with the speed 70 years ago, the speed of many storms now is dying down. 42 a result, they brought more and more rain to the land. According to scientists, the reason for these slower-moving storms is that the earth's climate 43 changes. If we don't do something for nature, we will have to face a more terrible 44. Only by saving the environment can we save 45. Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along with it.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

36. worst 37. called 38. inside
39. height 40. reaches 41. compared
42. As 43. slowly 44. situation
45. ourselves

【分析】
先通读短文理解大意，文章介绍了台风等风暴的相关知识，以及风暴速度变慢的原因和环保的重要性；再结合每个空的上下文语境、语法规则（如最高级、被动语态、词性转换、固定搭配等），从方框中选择合适的单词并调整为正确形式，注意每词仅用一次，避免重复使用。
【解析】
36. 句意：它最恶劣的形式之一是台风这类风暴。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，方框中形容词bad的最高级为worst，故填worst。
37. 句意：当风暴形成于西北太平洋时，它们被叫做台风。此处为被动语态（be + 过去分词），方框中动词call的过去分词为called，故填called。
38. 句意：它内部的风速超过每小时320公里。此处需要介词表示“在…里面”，方框中inside符合语境，故填inside。
39. 句意：风暴也能达到高达15公里的高度。此处需要名词，方框中形容词high的名词形式为height，故填height。
40. 句意：当风暴到达陆地时，它可能会带来大雨。主语the storm是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，方框中动词reach的三单形式为reaches，故填reaches。
41. 句意：和70年前的速度相比，现在很多风暴的速度在减慢。固定搭配compared with意为“与…相比”，故填compared。
42. 句意：结果，它们给陆地带来了越来越多的雨。固定搭配as a result意为“结果”，故填as。
43. 句意：这些移动缓慢的风暴的原因是地球气候在缓慢变化。此处需要副词修饰动词changes，方框中形容词slow的副词形式为slowly，故填slowly。
44. 句意：如果我们不为自然做些什么，我们将不得不面对更可怕的情况。此处需要名词，方框中situation符合语境，故填situation。
45. 句意：只有拯救环境才能拯救我们自己。此处需要反身代词，方框中人称代词us的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。
【答案】
36. worst 37. called 38. inside 39. height 40. reaches 41. compared 42. as 43. slowly 44. situation 45. ourselves
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、词形变化、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查初中英语常见的短文填空题型，侧重考查词汇的词义、词性转换及形式变化，涉及被动语态、最高级、固定搭配等基础语法知识，需要结合上下文语境解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

请阅读下面的短文,根据所提供的信息回答五个问题,要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。
On 6 February 2023, a terrible earthquake hit Türkiye. China and some other countries gave a helping hand at once.
Two Chinese rescue teams arrived in Türkiye. Among them, 82 members were from the Chinese Search and Rescue Team and 59 members were from Hong Kong SAR Rescue Team. Before they went to Türkiye, they had prepared advanced rescue equipment(先进的救援设备) and rescue dogs, so that they could offer help in time.
According to the report, the disaster was much more serious than people had expected. The situation became more difficult because of heavy snow and low temperatures. What's worse, there were aftershocks(余震) from time to time, which made the rescue very dangerous and challenging. But the rescue workers never gave up and worked through the night looking for signs of life. They had rich rescue experience, and all they were thinking about was how to save lives more quickly and more safely. They succeeded in saving a pregnant woman(孕妇) and a man who was trapped under the fallen building for almost six days.
The rescue teams spent over a week rescuing people in Türkiye and returned home safely. Before leaving Türkiye, they gave away their basic necessities(必需品) to those in need, such as food, water, tents and medicine. What the rescue teams did touched the local people. They were hopeful about their future because of Chinese people's kindness.
46. How many members were there in the two Chinese rescue teams?

47. What was the weather like in Türkiye during the rescue?

48. Where did the rescue workers find the man mentioned in paragraph 3?

49. What did the rescue teams leave to the local people?

50. What do you think of the Chinese rescue workers?

B. 书面表达

46. 141 members.
47. Cold and snowy. / It snowed heavily and had low temperatures.
48. Under the fallen building.
49. Basic necessities such as food, water, tents and medicine.
50. They are brave, helpful and kind.（答案不唯一）

【分析】
解答此类阅读理解问题，需先通读短文了解大意，再针对每个问题，带着问题关键词回到原文定位对应段落，提取关键信息，最后组织符合语法、信息完整的答案。本题前4道为细节查找题，需精准定位原文数据、描述等；第5道为观点评价题，需结合全文救援人员的表现合理作答。
【解析】
46题：定位短文第二段，找到“82 members were from the Chinese Search and Rescue Team and 59 members were from Hong Kong SAR Rescue Team”，将两个数字相加，得出总人数为141名；
47题：定位短文第三段，找到“The situation became more difficult because of heavy snow and low temperatures”，提取天气相关描述，即寒冷且多雪；
48题：定位短文第三段，找到“a man who was trapped under the fallen building”，提取位置信息为倒塌的建筑物下；
49题：定位短文第四段，找到“they gave away their basic necessities to those in need, such as food, water, tents and medicine”，提取留下的物品信息；
50题：结合全文中救援人员克服危险、坚持救人、帮助当地人的表现，可评价其为勇敢、乐于助人、善良等（答案不唯一，符合文意即可）。
【答案】
46. 141 members.
47. Cold and snowy. / It snowed heavily and had low temperatures.
48. Under the fallen building.
49. Basic necessities such as food, water, tents and medicine.
50. They are brave, helpful and kind.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节查找、信息提取、观点评价
【点评】
本题为基于短文的信息类题目，重点考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，整体难度较低，前4道细节题只要仔细阅读短文即可轻松作答，第5道评价题需结合全文内容合理表达，符合初中英语阅读理解的常见考查形式。
【难度系数】
0.8