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三、信息还原
阅读下面短文，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
A carbon footprint(碳足迹) is the total number of greenhouse gases(温室气体) that are produced by our actions. A person's carbon footprint in the United States is 16 tons, one of the highest in the world. To avoid a 2 °C rise in the earth's temperatures, the carbon footprint per year needs to drop to under 2 tons by 2050. 1 So here are some simple steps we can take to help.
Look at what you're eating. Eating more vegetables and less meat is good for our environment. 2 Eating less meat can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 500 kilograms of CO₂ per year.
Save energy at home. Much of the home energy is powered by coal, oil and gas. Try to use less energy by washing your clothes with cold water. 3 For example, you can put in solar panels(太阳能板) to collect energy from the sun for your home.
Walk, bike or take public transport. The world's roadways are full of traffic, and most of them are polluting the air. Walking or riding a bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas. 4 For longer trips, choosing public transport will be better.
Reduce, reuse and recycle. Buying things that are well made can go a long way to reducing waste. 5 Of course, if you can't reuse something, you can try to recycle it.
A. It will also do harm to your health and fitness.
B. Another terrible fact is that much food is wasted.
C. Choose to use energy from the sun and wind if possible.
D. If you really need a car, why not choose an electric one?
E. It's not easy to lower the carbon footprints from 16 tons to 2 tons.
F. This is because producing food made from plants needs less energy.
G. If you don't want something anymore, give it away or try to reuse it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
阅读下面短文，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
A carbon footprint(碳足迹) is the total number of greenhouse gases(温室气体) that are produced by our actions. A person's carbon footprint in the United States is 16 tons, one of the highest in the world. To avoid a 2 °C rise in the earth's temperatures, the carbon footprint per year needs to drop to under 2 tons by 2050. 1 So here are some simple steps we can take to help.
Look at what you're eating. Eating more vegetables and less meat is good for our environment. 2 Eating less meat can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 500 kilograms of CO₂ per year.
Save energy at home. Much of the home energy is powered by coal, oil and gas. Try to use less energy by washing your clothes with cold water. 3 For example, you can put in solar panels(太阳能板) to collect energy from the sun for your home.
Walk, bike or take public transport. The world's roadways are full of traffic, and most of them are polluting the air. Walking or riding a bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas. 4 For longer trips, choosing public transport will be better.
Reduce, reuse and recycle. Buying things that are well made can go a long way to reducing waste. 5 Of course, if you can't reuse something, you can try to recycle it.
A. It will also do harm to your health and fitness.
B. Another terrible fact is that much food is wasted.
C. Choose to use energy from the sun and wind if possible.
D. If you really need a car, why not choose an electric one?
E. It's not easy to lower the carbon footprints from 16 tons to 2 tons.
F. This is because producing food made from plants needs less energy.
G. If you don't want something anymore, give it away or try to reuse it.
1.
E
2.
F
3.
C
4.
D
5.
G
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何减少碳足迹。
1~5 EFCDG
1~5 EFCDG
解析
【分析】
首先，明确文章主题为“减少碳足迹的方法”，解题核心是分析每个空的上下文逻辑关系，通过语句间的因果、承接、解释说明等关联匹配选项：
1. 第一空前提出碳足迹从16吨降至2吨的目标，后文引出解决措施，此处需体现目标的难度，自然衔接下文。
2. 第二空前指出“多吃蔬菜少吃肉对环境有益”，需补充该建议的原因，形成因果逻辑。
3. 第三空所在段落围绕家庭节能展开，后文提及太阳能板，此处需衔接可再生能源利用的内容，呼应后文实例。
4. 第四空所在段落讲出行减排建议，前文是步行骑车的建议，后文是长途选公共交通，需补充“必须用车”时的合理建议，完善出行建议的逻辑。
5. 第五空所在段落主题是“减少、重复利用、回收”，后文讲无法重复利用则回收，此处需先点明重复利用的具体做法，衔接后文。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到碳足迹从16吨降至2吨的目标，后文引出解决步骤。E选项“把碳足迹从16吨降到2吨并不容易”，承接前文目标的难度，自然引出后文的解决措施，符合语境。
2. 第2空：前文表明多吃蔬菜少吃肉对环境有益，F选项“这是因为植物类食物的生产需要更少的能源”，解释了该建议的原因，形成因果逻辑，衔接合理。
3. 第3空：该段落围绕家庭节能展开，后文举例太阳能板的使用，C选项“如果可能，选择使用太阳能和风能”，呼应后文的可再生能源利用实例，符合语境。
4. 第4空：该段落介绍出行减排方式，前文建议步行、骑车代替开车，后文建议长途选公共交通。D选项“如果你确实需要用车，为什么不选一辆电动车呢？”，补充了必须用车时的减排建议，让出行建议更连贯完整。
5. 第5空：该段落主题是“减少、重复利用、回收”，后文提到无法重复利用则回收。G选项“如果你不再想要某样东西，把它送人或者尝试重复利用它”，点明重复利用的具体做法，衔接后文的回收建议，契合段落主题。
【答案】
1. E
2. F
3. C
4. D
5. G
（或整体写：1~5 EFCDG）
【知识点】
信息还原、语境逻辑推理、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题为说明文类信息还原题，重点考查语篇语境逻辑的把握能力。解题需紧扣“减少碳足迹”的核心主题，精准分析语句间的逻辑关联，这类题目可有效提升学生的语篇理解与逻辑推理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，明确文章主题为“减少碳足迹的方法”，解题核心是分析每个空的上下文逻辑关系，通过语句间的因果、承接、解释说明等关联匹配选项：
1. 第一空前提出碳足迹从16吨降至2吨的目标，后文引出解决措施，此处需体现目标的难度，自然衔接下文。
2. 第二空前指出“多吃蔬菜少吃肉对环境有益”，需补充该建议的原因，形成因果逻辑。
3. 第三空所在段落围绕家庭节能展开，后文提及太阳能板，此处需衔接可再生能源利用的内容，呼应后文实例。
4. 第四空所在段落讲出行减排建议，前文是步行骑车的建议，后文是长途选公共交通，需补充“必须用车”时的合理建议，完善出行建议的逻辑。
5. 第五空所在段落主题是“减少、重复利用、回收”，后文讲无法重复利用则回收，此处需先点明重复利用的具体做法，衔接后文。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到碳足迹从16吨降至2吨的目标，后文引出解决步骤。E选项“把碳足迹从16吨降到2吨并不容易”，承接前文目标的难度，自然引出后文的解决措施，符合语境。
2. 第2空：前文表明多吃蔬菜少吃肉对环境有益，F选项“这是因为植物类食物的生产需要更少的能源”，解释了该建议的原因，形成因果逻辑，衔接合理。
3. 第3空：该段落围绕家庭节能展开，后文举例太阳能板的使用，C选项“如果可能，选择使用太阳能和风能”，呼应后文的可再生能源利用实例，符合语境。
4. 第4空：该段落介绍出行减排方式，前文建议步行、骑车代替开车，后文建议长途选公共交通。D选项“如果你确实需要用车，为什么不选一辆电动车呢？”，补充了必须用车时的减排建议，让出行建议更连贯完整。
5. 第5空：该段落主题是“减少、重复利用、回收”，后文提到无法重复利用则回收。G选项“如果你不再想要某样东西，把它送人或者尝试重复利用它”，点明重复利用的具体做法，衔接后文的回收建议，契合段落主题。
【答案】
1. E
2. F
3. C
4. D
5. G
（或整体写：1~5 EFCDG）
【知识点】
信息还原、语境逻辑推理、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题为说明文类信息还原题，重点考查语篇语境逻辑的把握能力。解题需紧扣“减少碳足迹”的核心主题，精准分析语句间的逻辑关联，这类题目可有效提升学生的语篇理解与逻辑推理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
