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三、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题，每小题答案不超过8个单词（除第5小题外）。
Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena (现象). It is also one of the most deadly phenomena. A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface of the sun and gives out 30, 000 amps of electricity (3万安培的电). It can travel at 100, 000 kilometers per hour and has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometers away. About 1,000 people around the world are killed by lightning every year.
Only about ten percent of people struck by lightning will actually die, but the others are actually very badly injured (受伤), with burns, broken bones, blindness, deafness, paralysis, or memory loss. However, when the electricity passes through their brains, it can sometimes have unusual and even positive effects. Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning. One woman said a psychological test showed her intelligence (智力) had greatly improved and one man said he could no longer feel cold at all and could go out in temperature below zero in just a T-shirt!
So what should you do to stay safe in a thunderstorm? The most important rule is to stay inside, but do not go near phones, electrical appliances, plumbing or water. If you are struck outside, do not take shelter under a tree. Instead, roll (卷) yourself up into a ball on the ground as small as possible. And do not think it has to be raining in order for lightning to strike.
Strangely, lightning seems to like some people better than others. If you are a man, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than a woman!
1. What is six times hotter than the sun’s surface?
2. How far can lightning hit a target?
3. Why do people get badly injured by lightning?
4. List an example of “electricity has positive effects when passing through people’s brains.”
5. What would you do in a thunderstorm?
Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena (现象). It is also one of the most deadly phenomena. A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface of the sun and gives out 30, 000 amps of electricity (3万安培的电). It can travel at 100, 000 kilometers per hour and has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometers away. About 1,000 people around the world are killed by lightning every year.
Only about ten percent of people struck by lightning will actually die, but the others are actually very badly injured (受伤), with burns, broken bones, blindness, deafness, paralysis, or memory loss. However, when the electricity passes through their brains, it can sometimes have unusual and even positive effects. Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning. One woman said a psychological test showed her intelligence (智力) had greatly improved and one man said he could no longer feel cold at all and could go out in temperature below zero in just a T-shirt!
So what should you do to stay safe in a thunderstorm? The most important rule is to stay inside, but do not go near phones, electrical appliances, plumbing or water. If you are struck outside, do not take shelter under a tree. Instead, roll (卷) yourself up into a ball on the ground as small as possible. And do not think it has to be raining in order for lightning to strike.
Strangely, lightning seems to like some people better than others. If you are a man, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than a woman!
1. What is six times hotter than the sun’s surface?
A bolt of lightning (is).
2. How far can lightning hit a target?
(It can hit a target) up to 40 kilometers.
3. Why do people get badly injured by lightning?
Because of the great heat and powerful electricity.
4. List an example of “electricity has positive effects when passing through people’s brains.”
Some blind people have got their sight back.
5. What would you do in a thunderstorm?
I would stay inside and avoid electrical things. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
答案
1. A bolt of lightning (is).
2. (It can hit a target) up to 40 kilometers.
3. Because of the great heat and powerful electricity.
4. Some blind people have got their sight back.
5. I would stay inside and avoid electrical things. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
2. (It can hit a target) up to 40 kilometers.
3. Because of the great heat and powerful electricity.
4. Some blind people have got their sight back.
5. I would stay inside and avoid electrical things. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】本题为阅读表达题，需根据短文内容定位对应信息作答。每道小题需精准查找原文相关语句，提取关键内容，注意答案字数要求（除第5题），确保答案符合原文表述且简洁。
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段“A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface of the sun”，提取对应主语作答；2. 定位第一段“has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometers away”，提取目标击中距离作答；3. 定位第二段被闪电击中后的受伤情况，原因是闪电的高温与强电；4. 定位第二段“Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning”，提取正面影响的例子作答；5. 结合第三段雷雨天安全建议，给出合理做法即可。
【答案】1. A bolt of lightning (is).
2. (It can hit a target) up to 40 kilometers.
3. Because of the great heat and powerful electricity.
4. Some blind people have got their sight back.
5. I would stay inside and avoid electrical things.
【知识点】阅读理解，信息提取
【点评】本题考查学生对短文细节的定位与信息提取能力，题型常规，需学生仔细阅读原文匹配问题，第5题具有开放性，符合要求即可。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段“A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface of the sun”，提取对应主语作答；2. 定位第一段“has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometers away”，提取目标击中距离作答；3. 定位第二段被闪电击中后的受伤情况，原因是闪电的高温与强电；4. 定位第二段“Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning”，提取正面影响的例子作答；5. 结合第三段雷雨天安全建议，给出合理做法即可。
【答案】1. A bolt of lightning (is).
2. (It can hit a target) up to 40 kilometers.
3. Because of the great heat and powerful electricity.
4. Some blind people have got their sight back.
5. I would stay inside and avoid electrical things.
【知识点】阅读理解，信息提取
【点评】本题考查学生对短文细节的定位与信息提取能力，题型常规，需学生仔细阅读原文匹配问题，第5题具有开放性，符合要求即可。
【难度系数】0.6
