一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. We can learn a lot from hard-working (德国人) in daily communication.
2. The (丹麦的) lifestyle is simple and relaxing.
3. Electronic (词典) are widely used in our daily lives today.
4. He won two gold (奖牌) at the Olympics and we're so proud of him.
5. Most students in our school like playing (羽毛球运动).

1.Germans 2.Danish 3.dictionaries 4.medals
5.badminton

【分析】
解题时需根据括号内的汉语意思，结合句子的语法语境（如名词单复数、词性要求）填写正确单词：先确定汉语对应的英语单词，再结合句子语法调整单词形式。
【解析】
1. 汉语“德国人”对应单词German，此处表一类人，用复数Germans；
2. 汉语“丹麦的”是形容词，修饰名词lifestyle，对应Danish；
3. 汉语“词典”对应dictionary，句子be动词为are，主语用复数，dictionary复数是dictionaries；
4. 汉语“奖牌”对应medal，数词two后接可数名词复数，故填medals；
5. 汉语“羽毛球运动”对应badminton，为不可数名词，直接用原形。
【答案】
1.Germans 2.Danish 3.dictionaries 4.medals 5.badminton
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词单复数、形容词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇运用，涉及名词单复数、形容词修饰名词等基础语法，是常见基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Nearly eight trees have been planted, and of wild animals have got better living places. (million)
7. is full of wonderful ancient buildings, which attract both local people and visitors from abroad. (Europe)
8. The mountain stands very , and few people in the past knew its exact . (high)
9. We our short-term goals already, and we will keep working for greater in the future. (achieve)
10. The mountain has an view, and all visitors are by its beauty. (amaze)

6.million;millions 7.Europe;European
8.high;height 9.have achieved;achievements
10.amazing;amazed

【分析】
本题考查单词的适当形式填空，需结合数词用法、词性转换、时态规则等解题：
1. 第6题：数词million前有具体数字时用单数，构成“具体数字+million”；“millions of”是固定短语表“数百万的”，故分别填对应形式。
2. 第7题：第一空需名词作主语，Europe是名词“欧洲”；第二空修饰名词people，需形容词European“欧洲的”。
3. 第8题：第一空修饰动词stands，用副词high；第二空its后接名词height“高度”。
4. 第9题：由already可知用现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，故填have achieved；greater后接名词复数achievements“成就”。
5. 第10题：修饰物view用形容词amazing“令人惊奇的”；修饰人visitors用形容词amazed“感到惊奇的”。
【解析】
6. 当million前有具体数词（如eight）时，用单数形式，故第一空填million；“millions of”是固定搭配，意为“数百万的”，修饰可数名词复数，故第二空填millions。
7. 第一空作句子主语，需用名词Europe（欧洲）；第二空修饰名词people，需用形容词European（欧洲的），故分别填Europe、European。
8. 第一空修饰动词stands，需用副词high；第二空形容词性物主代词its后接名词height（高度），故分别填high、height。
9. 句中already是现在完成时的标志词，结构为“have+动词过去分词”，achieve的过去分词是achieved，故第一空填have achieved；greater是形容词比较级，后接名词，此处指“成就”，用复数形式achievements，故第二空填achievements。
10. 第一空修饰表示事物的名词view，用形容词amazing（令人惊奇的）；第二空修饰表示人的名词visitors，用形容词amazed（感到惊奇的），故分别填amazing、amazed。
【答案】
6.million;millions 7.Europe;European 8.high;height 9.have achieved;achievements 10.amazing;amazed
【知识点】
数词的用法、词性转换、动词时态
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考查数词、词性、时态等核心知识点的运用，需学生掌握常见词汇的不同形式及固定搭配，整体难度较低，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、阅读理解。
In Chinese, what word do you usually use to call your mother? It's "Mama", isn't it? And as you know, in America, kids call their mother "Mom" or "Mommy". In French, the word is "Maman", and in German, it's "Mutter".
Have you noticed what these words for "mother" have in common? Well, they all have a sound close to "m". In the same way, the words for "father" almost all have the sound "b" or "p". The words for most other things are usually very different from one language to another. But why are the words for "mother" and "father" so similar?
The answer lies in how babies start to talk. The easiest sound a baby can make is "ah". A baby can make this sound without using his tongue or lips (嘴唇). Then, if he wants to change the sound a little bit, the easiest way is to break it up by closing his lips for a while. And so, the baby ends up with the sound "mah". Babies are just playing while "speaking" in this way.
However, adults, don't hear them that way. When a baby says "mah mah", it sounds as if he is calling someone. And the person that the baby usually calls so early in life is his mother. The mother takes "mah" as a name for her. And when speaking to her child, she calls herself "mama". Gradually, the sound "mama" comes to mean "mother". This happens with human babies all over the world.
After babies learn to make "m" with their lips, they often put their lips together to produce the sound "bah" or "pah". When they make this sound, it is thought they are calling their second closest caretaker: their father.
That's why you call your mother "mama", and your father "baba" or "papa". You have been doing this ever since you started to make sounds.
() 11. What sound do the words for "father" almost all have around the world?
A. "m" or "b". B. "b" or "p". C. "b" or "ah". D. "m" or "p".
() 12. According to the passage, what are babies doing when they make the sound "mah"?
A. They are calling their father. B. They are playing by themselves.
C. They are asking for food. D. They are looking for their mother.
() 13. What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. How "mama" comes to mean "mother".
B. What babies learn in their early life.
C. How babies play with their mothers.
D. What "mama" means in different countries.
() 14. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. It introduces whom babies love playing with.
B. It explains how parents teach their babies to talk.
C. It describes when babies start to talk to their parents.
D. It shows why sounds for mother and father are similar worldwide.

11.B 12.B 13.A 14.D

【分析】做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对每道题的题干关键词定位原文对应内容，结合选项逐一匹配。第11题定位“father”的声音相关表述；第12题定位“mah”对应的婴儿行为；第13题联系前文语境分析代词“This”的指代内容；第14题需概括全文核心逻辑。
【解析】11题：根据原文第二段“the words for "father" almost all have the sound "b" or "p"”，直接匹配选项B，故答案为B。12题：根据原文第三段最后一句“Babies are just playing while "speaking" in this way.”，其中“this way”指发出“mah”的声音，对应选项B，故答案为B。13题：第四段中“This”指代前文“妈妈将婴儿发出的‘mah’视为自己的称呼，逐渐让‘mama’表示‘mother’”的过程，对应选项A，故答案为A。14题：全文围绕世界各地“mother”和“father”的称呼声音相似的原因展开，对应选项D，故答案为D。
【答案】11.B 12.B 13.A 14.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是关于语言中父母称呼相似性原因的英语阅读材料，考查学生定位信息、理解代词指代及概括主旨的能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6