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B
体裁: 记叙文
主题: 科学家
难度: ★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4·
①Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away on February 6th, 2025. But his great achievements(成就) and strong spirit will always go on to guide us towards a brighter future.
②Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang saw the difficulties of his homeland in the war during his childhood. These memories pushed him to study hard, and make up his mind to use his knowledge to make the country strong.
③In the 1950s, when China began the challenge of developing nuclear submarines(核潜艇), Huang Xuhua stepped up fearlessly. It was such a difficult task in China at that time, but he and his team accepted the challenge. To keep the project secret(保密), they cut off contact with the outside world, even with their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.
④During the design process, they met lots of challenges. Designing a nuclear reactor(反应堆), for example, was quite difficult. China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret. They needed to depend on themselves. Without computers, they could only use simple tools like abacuses and rulers for calculations. Another key problem was ensuring the underwater stability of the submarine. Through countless tests, they finally achieved success(成功).
⑤In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested, making China one of the few countries in the world with this technology. Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels. Instead, he went on to improve(改进) submarine technology. His hard work earned him many honours, including the "Medal of the Republic" in 2019.
⑥Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life teaches us to be brave and never give up. We, especially the younger generation, should learn from his spirit. Let's shoulder the responsibility, face challenges bravely, and work hard to build a stronger China, making his legacy truly come alive.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. It was very difficult to build nuclear submarines in China in the 1950s.
B. To build nuclear submarines, Huang Xuhua left his hometown for years.
C. When designing submarines, Huang Xuhua could turn to other countries for help.
D. Only a few countries in the world could build nuclear submarines in the 1970s.
2. How to understand the underlined sentence "Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels." in the fifth paragraph?
A. Huang Xuhua didn't stop working after his success.
B. Huang Xuhua didn't want to give up his job as a designer.
C. Huang Xuhua didn't get enough rest because of hard work.
D. Huang Xuhua didn't care about his own achievements at all.
3. From the passage, we can know that Huang Xuhua is
A. kind and brave
B. clever and caring
C. careful and easy-going
D. selfless and hard-working
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What may be the best structure of the passage?
＞＞ 篇章结构题解题策略见 P60 重点精讲
A. ① ②
↙ ↘
③ ④
↘ ↙
⑤ ⑥
B. ①
↙ ↘
② ③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↙
⑥
C. ①
↙ ↓ ↘
② ③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↓ ↙
⑥
D. ① ②
↙ ↘
③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↙
⑥
体裁: 记叙文
主题: 科学家
难度: ★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4·
①Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away on February 6th, 2025. But his great achievements(成就) and strong spirit will always go on to guide us towards a brighter future.
②Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang saw the difficulties of his homeland in the war during his childhood. These memories pushed him to study hard, and make up his mind to use his knowledge to make the country strong.
③In the 1950s, when China began the challenge of developing nuclear submarines(核潜艇), Huang Xuhua stepped up fearlessly. It was such a difficult task in China at that time, but he and his team accepted the challenge. To keep the project secret(保密), they cut off contact with the outside world, even with their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.
④During the design process, they met lots of challenges. Designing a nuclear reactor(反应堆), for example, was quite difficult. China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret. They needed to depend on themselves. Without computers, they could only use simple tools like abacuses and rulers for calculations. Another key problem was ensuring the underwater stability of the submarine. Through countless tests, they finally achieved success(成功).
⑤In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested, making China one of the few countries in the world with this technology. Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels. Instead, he went on to improve(改进) submarine technology. His hard work earned him many honours, including the "Medal of the Republic" in 2019.
⑥Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life teaches us to be brave and never give up. We, especially the younger generation, should learn from his spirit. Let's shoulder the responsibility, face challenges bravely, and work hard to build a stronger China, making his legacy truly come alive.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. It was very difficult to build nuclear submarines in China in the 1950s.
B. To build nuclear submarines, Huang Xuhua left his hometown for years.
C. When designing submarines, Huang Xuhua could turn to other countries for help.
D. Only a few countries in the world could build nuclear submarines in the 1970s.
2. How to understand the underlined sentence "Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels." in the fifth paragraph?
A. Huang Xuhua didn't stop working after his success.
B. Huang Xuhua didn't want to give up his job as a designer.
C. Huang Xuhua didn't get enough rest because of hard work.
D. Huang Xuhua didn't care about his own achievements at all.
3. From the passage, we can know that Huang Xuhua is
D
.A. kind and brave
B. clever and caring
C. careful and easy-going
D. selfless and hard-working
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What may be the best structure of the passage?
＞＞ 篇章结构题解题策略见 P60 重点精讲
A. ① ②
↙ ↘
③ ④
↘ ↙
⑤ ⑥
B. ①
↙ ↘
② ③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↙
⑥
C. ①
↙ ↓ ↘
② ③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↓ ↙
⑥
D. ① ②
↙ ↘
③ ④ ⑤
↘ ↙
⑥
答案
1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret.”可知黄旭华团队无法求助其他国家，只能自主研究，C项与原文不符。故选C。
2. A 【解析】句意猜测题。根据下文“Instead, he went on to improve submarine technology.”可知黄旭华未因成功而止步，而是继续钻研技术。故选A。
3. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“To keep the project secret, they cut off contact with the outside world, even with their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.”和第五段“His hard work earned him many honours”可知黄旭华无私奉献且努力工作。故选D。
4. B 【解析】篇章结构题。文章按时间顺序展开：第一段讲述其逝世与精神影响（总起）；第二段讲述其童年经历，第三、四、五段讲述其投身核潜艇研发取得的成绩；第六段总结其精神遗产。故选B。
2. A 【解析】句意猜测题。根据下文“Instead, he went on to improve submarine technology.”可知黄旭华未因成功而止步，而是继续钻研技术。故选A。
3. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“To keep the project secret, they cut off contact with the outside world, even with their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.”和第五段“His hard work earned him many honours”可知黄旭华无私奉献且努力工作。故选D。
4. B 【解析】篇章结构题。文章按时间顺序展开：第一段讲述其逝世与精神影响（总起）；第二段讲述其童年经历，第三、四、五段讲述其投身核潜艇研发取得的成绩；第六段总结其精神遗产。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于科学家黄旭华的阅读理解题，包含细节理解、句意猜测、推理判断、篇章结构四类题型。解题思路如下：1. 细节理解题需定位原文对应信息，对比选项与原文表述找出不符项；2. 句意猜测题结合划线句的上下文逻辑推断含义；3. 推理判断题从人物行为事迹提炼品质；4. 篇章结构题梳理各段落核心内容，明确文章结构逻辑。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第四段“China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret.”可知，黄旭华团队无法向其他国家求助，只能自主研究，C项表述与原文不符，故选C。
2. 句意猜测题：划线句后提到“Instead, he went on to improve submarine technology.”，说明黄旭华在成功后未停止工作，而是继续钻研技术，A项符合句意，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：从第三段“为项目保密切断与外界联系、多年远离家乡”体现无私奉献，第五段“努力工作获诸多荣誉”体现勤奋，D项符合，故选D。
4. 篇章结构题：文章结构为：①段总起介绍黄旭华逝世及精神影响；②段讲童年经历；③-⑤段讲述核潜艇研发过程与成果；⑥段总结精神遗产，对应结构为B选项，故选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、篇章结构
【点评】
本文围绕科学家黄旭华的事迹展开，考查阅读理解核心题型，要求学生掌握不同题型的解题方法，如细节定位、上下文推断、篇章逻辑梳理等，需结合原文信息准确分析。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇关于科学家黄旭华的阅读理解题，包含细节理解、句意猜测、推理判断、篇章结构四类题型。解题思路如下：1. 细节理解题需定位原文对应信息，对比选项与原文表述找出不符项；2. 句意猜测题结合划线句的上下文逻辑推断含义；3. 推理判断题从人物行为事迹提炼品质；4. 篇章结构题梳理各段落核心内容，明确文章结构逻辑。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第四段“China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret.”可知，黄旭华团队无法向其他国家求助，只能自主研究，C项表述与原文不符，故选C。
2. 句意猜测题：划线句后提到“Instead, he went on to improve submarine technology.”，说明黄旭华在成功后未停止工作，而是继续钻研技术，A项符合句意，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：从第三段“为项目保密切断与外界联系、多年远离家乡”体现无私奉献，第五段“努力工作获诸多荣誉”体现勤奋，D项符合，故选D。
4. 篇章结构题：文章结构为：①段总起介绍黄旭华逝世及精神影响；②段讲童年经历；③-⑤段讲述核潜艇研发过程与成果；⑥段总结精神遗产，对应结构为B选项，故选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、篇章结构
【点评】
本文围绕科学家黄旭华的事迹展开，考查阅读理解核心题型，要求学生掌握不同题型的解题方法，如细节定位、上下文推断、篇章逻辑梳理等，需结合原文信息准确分析。
【难度系数】
0.5
