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五、综合填空(每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The capybaras (水豚), a kind of cute animal, 46 (main) live in South America. They are one of the most popular animals online because of the peaceful personality (性格).
They can weigh up to about 90 kilos and grow to 1.3 metres in length. Other animals love to sit and lie by capybaras' sides 47 they are so gentle and friendly. They like water and usually stay in groups. They eat plants and fruit for a 48 (live). They live such a comfortable life that nothing 49 (seem) to make them worry. Sometimes, capybaras become “animal buses” while moving. They take small animals 50 birds, turtles and even monkeys for a free ride.
Capybaras are so cute and have already become popular pets in some places. However, it's really important 51 (remember) that they need suitable care and good living 52 (condition). When talking about protecting capybaras, there are several things we can do. First, we need to protect 53 (they) living places. It includes avoiding (避免) cutting down trees, pollution and other activities that can be bad for capybaras' environment. 54 (two), we shouldn't catch and keep them for any reason. They are an important part of the ecosystem (生态系统) and should be left to live alone. Finally, we should tell people 55 importance of protecting them and other endangered animals.
Capybaras are fascinating animals. We should take action and make sure that these cute animals can continue to live in the wild.
46.
51.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The capybaras (水豚), a kind of cute animal, 46 (main) live in South America. They are one of the most popular animals online because of the peaceful personality (性格).
They can weigh up to about 90 kilos and grow to 1.3 metres in length. Other animals love to sit and lie by capybaras' sides 47 they are so gentle and friendly. They like water and usually stay in groups. They eat plants and fruit for a 48 (live). They live such a comfortable life that nothing 49 (seem) to make them worry. Sometimes, capybaras become “animal buses” while moving. They take small animals 50 birds, turtles and even monkeys for a free ride.
Capybaras are so cute and have already become popular pets in some places. However, it's really important 51 (remember) that they need suitable care and good living 52 (condition). When talking about protecting capybaras, there are several things we can do. First, we need to protect 53 (they) living places. It includes avoiding (避免) cutting down trees, pollution and other activities that can be bad for capybaras' environment. 54 (two), we shouldn't catch and keep them for any reason. They are an important part of the ecosystem (生态系统) and should be left to live alone. Finally, we should tell people 55 importance of protecting them and other endangered animals.
Capybaras are fascinating animals. We should take action and make sure that these cute animals can continue to live in the wild.
46.
mainly
47. because
48. living
49. seems
50. like
51.
to remember
52. conditions
53. their
54. Second
55. the
答案
46. mainly 47. because 48. living 49. seems 50. like 51. to remember 52. conditions 53. their 54. Second 55. the
解析
【分析】
做这类综合填空题，首先要通读全文，理清文章介绍水豚的习性、特点以及保护水豚的相关措施的整体大意。之后分两类处理空格：第一类是给出括号提示词的空格，结合空格在句中充当的成分、前后搭配，判断需要转换的词性，同时兼顾主谓一致、名词单复数等语法规则；第二类是无提示词的空格，结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配判断需要填入的连词、介词、冠词等虚词。逐空推导思路：1. 修饰动词要用副词，因此把形容词main转为副词；2. 前后句是因果逻辑，填入引导原因的连词；3. 对应固定搭配“谋生”的短语，转换live的形式；4. 不定代词作主语、一般现在时的语境下，谓语动词用第三人称单数；5. 后文是对前文小动物的举例，填入表举例的介词；6. 匹配it作形式主语的固定句型，填入不定式结构；7. 对应固定表达“居住条件”的常用复数形式变形；8. 修饰名词短语要使用形容词性物主代词；9. 对应前文的序数词First，表第二点要使用序数词；10. 匹配特指“……的重要性”的固定结构，填入定冠词。
【解析】
46. 此处用于修饰谓语动词live，需要使用副词，形容词main对应的副词形式为mainly，意为“主要地”。
47. 前半句含义为“其他动物喜欢挨着水豚坐、躺”，后半句含义为“它们十分温柔友好”，前后为因果关系，后半句是原因，填入连词because。
48. 固定搭配for a living意为“谋生”，是固定表达，动词live要变为动名词living。
49. 句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是不定代词nothing，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，seem变形为seems。
50. 后文的birds, turtles and even monkeys是对前文small animals的举例，填入介词like，意为“像、例如”。
51. 固定句型it is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语要用不定式结构，因此填to remember。
52. 固定表达living conditions意为“生存条件、居住条件”，该短语常用复数形式，因此填conditions。
53. 空格后是名词短语living places，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，人称代词主格they变形为their，意为“它们的”。
54. 前文出现了表顺序的First（第一点），此处表示第二点，要用two对应的序数词Second，句首首字母大写。
55. 固定结构the importance of... 表示“……的重要性”，此处特指保护水豚的重要性，填入定冠词the。
【答案】
46. mainly 47. because 48. living 49. seems 50. like 51. to remember 52. conditions 53. their 54. Second 55. the
【知识点】
词形转换，固定搭配，冠词用法
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的短文综合填空题型，考点全部围绕初中阶段核心基础语法和常用固定搭配展开，话题是趣味动物科普，语境清晰易懂，绝大多数空格都有明确的规则和搭配提示，仅少数空格需要结合上下文逻辑简单推导，整体侧重考察学生对基础词法句法的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类综合填空题，首先要通读全文，理清文章介绍水豚的习性、特点以及保护水豚的相关措施的整体大意。之后分两类处理空格：第一类是给出括号提示词的空格，结合空格在句中充当的成分、前后搭配，判断需要转换的词性，同时兼顾主谓一致、名词单复数等语法规则；第二类是无提示词的空格，结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配判断需要填入的连词、介词、冠词等虚词。逐空推导思路：1. 修饰动词要用副词，因此把形容词main转为副词；2. 前后句是因果逻辑，填入引导原因的连词；3. 对应固定搭配“谋生”的短语，转换live的形式；4. 不定代词作主语、一般现在时的语境下，谓语动词用第三人称单数；5. 后文是对前文小动物的举例，填入表举例的介词；6. 匹配it作形式主语的固定句型，填入不定式结构；7. 对应固定表达“居住条件”的常用复数形式变形；8. 修饰名词短语要使用形容词性物主代词；9. 对应前文的序数词First，表第二点要使用序数词；10. 匹配特指“……的重要性”的固定结构，填入定冠词。
【解析】
46. 此处用于修饰谓语动词live，需要使用副词，形容词main对应的副词形式为mainly，意为“主要地”。
47. 前半句含义为“其他动物喜欢挨着水豚坐、躺”，后半句含义为“它们十分温柔友好”，前后为因果关系，后半句是原因，填入连词because。
48. 固定搭配for a living意为“谋生”，是固定表达，动词live要变为动名词living。
49. 句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是不定代词nothing，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，seem变形为seems。
50. 后文的birds, turtles and even monkeys是对前文small animals的举例，填入介词like，意为“像、例如”。
51. 固定句型it is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语要用不定式结构，因此填to remember。
52. 固定表达living conditions意为“生存条件、居住条件”，该短语常用复数形式，因此填conditions。
53. 空格后是名词短语living places，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，人称代词主格they变形为their，意为“它们的”。
54. 前文出现了表顺序的First（第一点），此处表示第二点，要用two对应的序数词Second，句首首字母大写。
55. 固定结构the importance of... 表示“……的重要性”，此处特指保护水豚的重要性，填入定冠词the。
【答案】
46. mainly 47. because 48. living 49. seems 50. like 51. to remember 52. conditions 53. their 54. Second 55. the
【知识点】
词形转换，固定搭配，冠词用法
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的短文综合填空题型，考点全部围绕初中阶段核心基础语法和常用固定搭配展开，话题是趣味动物科普，语境清晰易懂，绝大多数空格都有明确的规则和搭配提示，仅少数空格需要结合上下文逻辑简单推导，整体侧重考察学生对基础词法句法的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、选词填空(每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。
Today is Friday. As soon as school was over, I hurried home. In the morning, my father told me he was going to bring me a present. I was 56 all day!
Finally, father came home. He handed me a large piece of paper with all kinds of shapes and lines in different colours. Father told me that it was a map of China. I looked at it 57, and noticed a long blue line. Father told me it was the Yellow River.
The Yellow River! I had heard this name, but never understood (理解) what it 58.
Father added, “The Yellow River is China's second 59 river. It is one of China's most important 60, and is known as China's ‘Mother River’.”
“Could you tell me why it is called the ‘Mother River’?” I asked.
“Long, long ago, our ancestors (祖先) tried 61 in the area along the Yellow River and the Chinese nation developed and took shape. And so, we called the Yellow River the ‘Mother River of China’.”
I listened to this wide-eyed. Thanks to the Yellow River, the Chinese nation was born and gradually developed, and so far, it has become a world power. As I thought of this, I became even more moved.
62 the expression (表情) on my face, father seemed to be glad. He said, “I gave you this map of China in the hope that you would know our homeland better. There are many 63 in China you have never been to. And as well as the country you see today, there are also its origins (起源) and history. Those're even more important for 64.”
I nodded and locked 65 words deep in my heart.
56.
61.
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。
Today is Friday. As soon as school was over, I hurried home. In the morning, my father told me he was going to bring me a present. I was 56 all day!
Finally, father came home. He handed me a large piece of paper with all kinds of shapes and lines in different colours. Father told me that it was a map of China. I looked at it 57, and noticed a long blue line. Father told me it was the Yellow River.
The Yellow River! I had heard this name, but never understood (理解) what it 58.
Father added, “The Yellow River is China's second 59 river. It is one of China's most important 60, and is known as China's ‘Mother River’.”
“Could you tell me why it is called the ‘Mother River’?” I asked.
“Long, long ago, our ancestors (祖先) tried 61 in the area along the Yellow River and the Chinese nation developed and took shape. And so, we called the Yellow River the ‘Mother River of China’.”
I listened to this wide-eyed. Thanks to the Yellow River, the Chinese nation was born and gradually developed, and so far, it has become a world power. As I thought of this, I became even more moved.
62 the expression (表情) on my face, father seemed to be glad. He said, “I gave you this map of China in the hope that you would know our homeland better. There are many 63 in China you have never been to. And as well as the country you see today, there are also its origins (起源) and history. Those're even more important for 64.”
I nodded and locked 65 words deep in my heart.
56.
excited
57. carefully
58. meant
59. longest
60. rivers
61.
to live
62. Looking at
63. places of interest
64. us
65. father's
答案
56. excited 57. carefully 58. meant 59. longest 60. rivers 61. to live 62. Looking at 63. places of interest 64. us 65. father's
解析
【分析】
首先通读整篇短文，明确文章讲述的是父亲给孩子讲解中国地图、介绍黄河作为“母亲河”相关知识的故事，同时先梳理方框内的10个备选词/短语，明确每个词的词性和含义。接下来结合每个空所在句子的语义逻辑、语法规则逐个匹配：1. 56空前文提到爸爸要给自己带礼物，描述人的情绪感受，对应excite，修饰人要变为-ed结尾的形容词；2. 57空修饰动词短语look at，需要用副词，对应careful变形；3. 58空表达“我之前不理解它是什么意思”，全文是过去语境，动词mean要变为过去式；4. 59空是“序数词+形容词最高级”的固定结构，表达第二长的河流，long变最高级；5. 60空是one of的固定搭配，后面接可数名词复数，river变复数；6. 61空是try to do的固定搭配，live变为不定式形式；7. 62空是现在分词作伴随状语，look at变形后句首大写；8. 63空many修饰可数名词复数，place of interest变为复数名胜古迹；9. 64空介词for后面接人称代词宾格，we变宾格us；10. 65空表达“父亲的话”，father变名词所有格。全程保证每个备选词只用一次，符合上下文逻辑。
【解析】
56. 前文提到父亲告知要给我带礼物，修饰人表示“感到兴奋的”，用excite的形容词形式excited，符合语境。
57. 此处修饰动词短语look at，需要用副词，careful的副词形式carefully表示“仔细地”，对应“我仔细看着地图”的语义。
58. 全文为过去叙事语境，表达“它意味着什么”，动词mean的过去式为meant，符合时态要求。
59. 固定结构“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”表示“第几最……的”，此处表示中国第二长的河流，long的最高级是longest。
60. 固定结构one of + 可数名词复数表示“……之一”，此处表示黄河是中国最重要的河流之一，river的复数形式是rivers。
61. 固定搭配try to do sth. 表示“尝试做某事”，此处表示祖先尝试在黄河沿岸区域生活，live变为不定式to live。
62. 此处是现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语father和look at是主动关系，短语变为Looking at，句首首字母大写，表达“看着我脸上的表情”。
63. 短语place of interest表示“名胜古迹”，前面有many修饰，变为复数形式places of interest。
64. 介词for后面需要接人称代词的宾格形式，we的宾格是us，表达“那些对我们来说更重要”。
65. 此处表示“父亲的话语”，需要用名词所有格形式，father的所有格是father's。
【答案】
56. excited 57. carefully 58. meant 59. longest 60. rivers 61. to live 62. Looking at 63. places of interest 64. us 65. father's
【知识点】
选词填空，词形转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于短文选词填空题型，既考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力，也覆盖了形容词修饰用法、副词转换、动词时态、形容词最高级、名词复数、非谓语动词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格等多个基础语法点，同时要求学生遵守“每个备选词限用一次”的规则，避免重复错用，能很好地检验学生的基础词法掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读整篇短文，明确文章讲述的是父亲给孩子讲解中国地图、介绍黄河作为“母亲河”相关知识的故事，同时先梳理方框内的10个备选词/短语，明确每个词的词性和含义。接下来结合每个空所在句子的语义逻辑、语法规则逐个匹配：1. 56空前文提到爸爸要给自己带礼物，描述人的情绪感受，对应excite，修饰人要变为-ed结尾的形容词；2. 57空修饰动词短语look at，需要用副词，对应careful变形；3. 58空表达“我之前不理解它是什么意思”，全文是过去语境，动词mean要变为过去式；4. 59空是“序数词+形容词最高级”的固定结构，表达第二长的河流，long变最高级；5. 60空是one of的固定搭配，后面接可数名词复数，river变复数；6. 61空是try to do的固定搭配，live变为不定式形式；7. 62空是现在分词作伴随状语，look at变形后句首大写；8. 63空many修饰可数名词复数，place of interest变为复数名胜古迹；9. 64空介词for后面接人称代词宾格，we变宾格us；10. 65空表达“父亲的话”，father变名词所有格。全程保证每个备选词只用一次，符合上下文逻辑。
【解析】
56. 前文提到父亲告知要给我带礼物，修饰人表示“感到兴奋的”，用excite的形容词形式excited，符合语境。
57. 此处修饰动词短语look at，需要用副词，careful的副词形式carefully表示“仔细地”，对应“我仔细看着地图”的语义。
58. 全文为过去叙事语境，表达“它意味着什么”，动词mean的过去式为meant，符合时态要求。
59. 固定结构“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”表示“第几最……的”，此处表示中国第二长的河流，long的最高级是longest。
60. 固定结构one of + 可数名词复数表示“……之一”，此处表示黄河是中国最重要的河流之一，river的复数形式是rivers。
61. 固定搭配try to do sth. 表示“尝试做某事”，此处表示祖先尝试在黄河沿岸区域生活，live变为不定式to live。
62. 此处是现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语father和look at是主动关系，短语变为Looking at，句首首字母大写，表达“看着我脸上的表情”。
63. 短语place of interest表示“名胜古迹”，前面有many修饰，变为复数形式places of interest。
64. 介词for后面需要接人称代词的宾格形式，we的宾格是us，表达“那些对我们来说更重要”。
65. 此处表示“父亲的话语”，需要用名词所有格形式，father的所有格是father's。
【答案】
56. excited 57. carefully 58. meant 59. longest 60. rivers 61. to live 62. Looking at 63. places of interest 64. us 65. father's
【知识点】
选词填空，词形转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于短文选词填空题型，既考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力，也覆盖了形容词修饰用法、副词转换、动词时态、形容词最高级、名词复数、非谓语动词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格等多个基础语法点，同时要求学生遵守“每个备选词限用一次”的规则，避免重复错用，能很好地检验学生的基础词法掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.6
