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主题:科普知识 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:9分钟 正确率: /5
After you see somebody else yawn(打哈欠), your mouth opens wide and a big yawn comes out. 1 Is it only a coincidence(巧合)? In fact, this is called contagious(传染性的) yawning.
Contagious yawning doesn't depend on your brain. It's just like a reflex(反射动作) you don't have to think about. Scientists say that it only starts around ages four or five. At that time, kids begin to develop better empathy(同理心). ______ 2 ______ In this view, when someone sees another yawn, he follows as if experiencing the same tiredness or stress.
3 That explains why you're more likely to catch a yawn from your best friend or family member than from a stranger. It also supports the idea that empathy plays a big role in contagious yawning. The less empathy someone has, the less likely they are to yawn back. Contagious yawning can also help people build social connections with each other. 4 It also works well on some animals like dogs and chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
What happens in the brain when we catch yawns? Your brain has special cells called mirror neurons(镜像神经元). These neurons become active when you see someone do something, and they make you feel like doing the same thing, like yawning. 5
So, the next time you see someone yawn and cannot help yawning, you know it's your brain's way of building a connection with your friends, family and even pets.
A. You aren't especially tired, but it still happens.
B. In fact, yawning is not just a sign of sleepiness.
C. It means understanding and sharing the feelings of others.
D. It's like your brain is mirroring what the other person is doing.
E. Kids under the age of 4 are not able to consider others' feelings.
F. In other words, it's one way our brains help us connect with others.
G. Scientists find that it is more common among those with strong connections.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
主题:科普知识 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:9分钟 正确率: /5
After you see somebody else yawn(打哈欠), your mouth opens wide and a big yawn comes out. 1 Is it only a coincidence(巧合)? In fact, this is called contagious(传染性的) yawning.
Contagious yawning doesn't depend on your brain. It's just like a reflex(反射动作) you don't have to think about. Scientists say that it only starts around ages four or five. At that time, kids begin to develop better empathy(同理心). ______ 2 ______ In this view, when someone sees another yawn, he follows as if experiencing the same tiredness or stress.
3 That explains why you're more likely to catch a yawn from your best friend or family member than from a stranger. It also supports the idea that empathy plays a big role in contagious yawning. The less empathy someone has, the less likely they are to yawn back. Contagious yawning can also help people build social connections with each other. 4 It also works well on some animals like dogs and chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
What happens in the brain when we catch yawns? Your brain has special cells called mirror neurons(镜像神经元). These neurons become active when you see someone do something, and they make you feel like doing the same thing, like yawning. 5
So, the next time you see someone yawn and cannot help yawning, you know it's your brain's way of building a connection with your friends, family and even pets.
A. You aren't especially tired, but it still happens.
B. In fact, yawning is not just a sign of sleepiness.
C. It means understanding and sharing the feelings of others.
D. It's like your brain is mirroring what the other person is doing.
E. Kids under the age of 4 are not able to consider others' feelings.
F. In other words, it's one way our brains help us connect with others.
G. Scientists find that it is more common among those with strong connections.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了传染性打哈欠这一现
象,包括其发生的原因、与同理心的关系、在社交中的作用以及大
脑中的相关机制。
1. A 根据“After you see somebody else yawn, your mouth opens
wide and a big yawn comes out.”可知,此处描述的是看到别人
打哈欠后自己也跟着打哈欠的情景,选项A“你并不特别,但
这种情况还是发生了。”符合语境,进一步解释了这种打哈欠并
非完全因为疲劳,而是有其他原因,引出下文对传染性打哈欠的
介绍。故选A。
2. C 根据“At that time, kids begin to develop better empathy.”
可知,此处应是说同理心的含义,选项C“它意味着理解和分享
他人的感受。”符合语境,解释了同理心的具体含义,且与后文
“when someone sees another yawn, he follows as if experiencing
the same tiredness or stress”相呼应。故选C。
3. G 根据“That explains why you're more likely to catch a yawn
from your best friend or family member than from a stranger.”
可知,此处应是说传染性打哈欠在关系亲密的人之间更常见,
选项G“科学家发现,这在关系密切的人之间更为常见。”
与后文内容相衔接。故选G。
4. F 根据“Contagious yawning can also help people build social
connections with each other.”可知,此处应是说传染性打哈欠在
社交中的作用,选项F“换句话说,这是我们的大脑帮助我们与
他人建立联系的一种方式。”符合语境,对前文内容进行了总
结,并引出了下文对大脑机制的介绍。故选F。
5. D 根据“Your brain has special cells called mirror neurons.
These neurons become active when you see someone do
something, and they make you feel like doing the same thing,
like yawning.”可知,此处应是说镜像神经元的作用,选项D“这
就像你的大脑在镜像另一个人正在做的事情。”符合语境,解释
了镜像神经元如何让我们在看到别人打哈欠时也跟着打哈欠。
故选D。
象,包括其发生的原因、与同理心的关系、在社交中的作用以及大
脑中的相关机制。
1. A 根据“After you see somebody else yawn, your mouth opens
wide and a big yawn comes out.”可知,此处描述的是看到别人
打哈欠后自己也跟着打哈欠的情景,选项A“你并不特别,但
这种情况还是发生了。”符合语境,进一步解释了这种打哈欠并
非完全因为疲劳,而是有其他原因,引出下文对传染性打哈欠的
介绍。故选A。
2. C 根据“At that time, kids begin to develop better empathy.”
可知,此处应是说同理心的含义,选项C“它意味着理解和分享
他人的感受。”符合语境,解释了同理心的具体含义,且与后文
“when someone sees another yawn, he follows as if experiencing
the same tiredness or stress”相呼应。故选C。
3. G 根据“That explains why you're more likely to catch a yawn
from your best friend or family member than from a stranger.”
可知,此处应是说传染性打哈欠在关系亲密的人之间更常见,
选项G“科学家发现,这在关系密切的人之间更为常见。”
与后文内容相衔接。故选G。
4. F 根据“Contagious yawning can also help people build social
connections with each other.”可知,此处应是说传染性打哈欠在
社交中的作用,选项F“换句话说,这是我们的大脑帮助我们与
他人建立联系的一种方式。”符合语境,对前文内容进行了总
结,并引出了下文对大脑机制的介绍。故选F。
5. D 根据“Your brain has special cells called mirror neurons.
These neurons become active when you see someone do
something, and they make you feel like doing the same thing,
like yawning.”可知,此处应是说镜像神经元的作用,选项D“这
就像你的大脑在镜像另一个人正在做的事情。”符合语境,解释
了镜像神经元如何让我们在看到别人打哈欠时也跟着打哈欠。
故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普说明文类的七选五阅读补全题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍传染性打哈欠的相关知识，再逐空定位前后文的关键线索：
1. 第1空：前文描述看到别人打哈欠自己也跟着打的现象，后文提出“是不是巧合”的疑问，需要填入承接该反常现象、引出下文概念的内容。
2. 第2空：前文刚引出“同理心”的概念，后文描述同理心对应的行为表现，需要填入解释同理心含义的内容。
3. 第3空：后文解释了“更容易被亲友传染打哈欠而非陌生人”的结论，需要填入铺垫该结论的研究发现，构成因果逻辑。
4. 第4空：前文点明传染性打哈欠可以帮助人们建立社交联结，后文提到该现象在动物身上也存在，需要填入对前文社交联结作用的同义转述，起到承上启下的作用。
5. 第5空：前文介绍了大脑中镜像神经元的工作机制，需要填入呼应“镜像神经元”功能的收尾内容，完成对大脑运作原理的说明。
解题过程中可以通过关键词呼应快速排除无关干扰选项，匹配正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空前描述看到他人打哈欠后自己也会不受控打哈欠的场景，空后质疑该现象是否为巧合，A选项“你并不特别疲惫，但这种情况还是发生了”说明该哈欠并非源于自身劳累，承接反常现象，自然引出下文“传染性打哈欠”的定义，符合语境。
2. 空前提到四五岁的孩子开始发展出更好的同理心，空后说明看到他人打哈欠时自己也会仿佛体验到同等的疲惫或压力，C选项“它意味着理解和分享他人的感受”正是对“同理心”的含义解释，前后内容呼应，衔接流畅。
3. 空后解释了相比陌生人，你更容易被好友、家人传染打哈欠的原因，G选项“科学家发现，这在联结紧密的人群中更为常见”是后文因果逻辑的前置铺垫，引出后续的解释内容，衔接合理。
4. 空前指出传染性打哈欠可以帮助人们互相建立社交联系，空后说明该现象在狗、黑猩猩等动物身上同样存在，F选项“换句话说，这是我们的大脑帮助我们与他人建立联结的一种方式”是对前文社交属性的同义总结，承上启下。
5. 空前介绍大脑中的镜像神经元在观察到他人动作时会被激活，促使你做出相同的动作比如打哈欠，D选项“这就像你的大脑在镜像另一个人正在做的事情”直接呼应镜像神经元的“镜像”特性，完成对大脑运作机制的说明，符合逻辑。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. G 4. F 5. D
【知识点】
说明文阅读，七选五补全，逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题围绕科普类话题设置，考点集中在对上下文指代关系、解释说明逻辑、因果衔接逻辑的考察，干扰项设置难度低，学生只要抓住空前后的核心关键词，就能快速匹配到对应选项，既能掌握相关科普知识，也能锻炼阅读逻辑梳理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇科普说明文类的七选五阅读补全题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍传染性打哈欠的相关知识，再逐空定位前后文的关键线索：
1. 第1空：前文描述看到别人打哈欠自己也跟着打的现象，后文提出“是不是巧合”的疑问，需要填入承接该反常现象、引出下文概念的内容。
2. 第2空：前文刚引出“同理心”的概念，后文描述同理心对应的行为表现，需要填入解释同理心含义的内容。
3. 第3空：后文解释了“更容易被亲友传染打哈欠而非陌生人”的结论，需要填入铺垫该结论的研究发现，构成因果逻辑。
4. 第4空：前文点明传染性打哈欠可以帮助人们建立社交联结，后文提到该现象在动物身上也存在，需要填入对前文社交联结作用的同义转述，起到承上启下的作用。
5. 第5空：前文介绍了大脑中镜像神经元的工作机制，需要填入呼应“镜像神经元”功能的收尾内容，完成对大脑运作原理的说明。
解题过程中可以通过关键词呼应快速排除无关干扰选项，匹配正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空前描述看到他人打哈欠后自己也会不受控打哈欠的场景，空后质疑该现象是否为巧合，A选项“你并不特别疲惫，但这种情况还是发生了”说明该哈欠并非源于自身劳累，承接反常现象，自然引出下文“传染性打哈欠”的定义，符合语境。
2. 空前提到四五岁的孩子开始发展出更好的同理心，空后说明看到他人打哈欠时自己也会仿佛体验到同等的疲惫或压力，C选项“它意味着理解和分享他人的感受”正是对“同理心”的含义解释，前后内容呼应，衔接流畅。
3. 空后解释了相比陌生人，你更容易被好友、家人传染打哈欠的原因，G选项“科学家发现，这在联结紧密的人群中更为常见”是后文因果逻辑的前置铺垫，引出后续的解释内容，衔接合理。
4. 空前指出传染性打哈欠可以帮助人们互相建立社交联系，空后说明该现象在狗、黑猩猩等动物身上同样存在，F选项“换句话说，这是我们的大脑帮助我们与他人建立联结的一种方式”是对前文社交属性的同义总结，承上启下。
5. 空前介绍大脑中的镜像神经元在观察到他人动作时会被激活，促使你做出相同的动作比如打哈欠，D选项“这就像你的大脑在镜像另一个人正在做的事情”直接呼应镜像神经元的“镜像”特性，完成对大脑运作机制的说明，符合逻辑。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. G 4. F 5. D
【知识点】
说明文阅读，七选五补全，逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题围绕科普类话题设置，考点集中在对上下文指代关系、解释说明逻辑、因果衔接逻辑的考察，干扰项设置难度低，学生只要抓住空前后的核心关键词，就能快速匹配到对应选项，既能掌握相关科普知识，也能锻炼阅读逻辑梳理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
