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四、阅读理解。
①Almost every thirty seconds, there is an earthquake in the world. Some of these earthquakes are so weak that people can't feel them. But some of them are very serious and many people get hurt or die in them.
②Do you know what causes earthquakes?
③The earth's surface has many pieces. These pieces are always moving. When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake. Scientists are trying to predict（预测）big earthquakes, but it's very hard.
④Do you know how to protect yourself during an earthquake? Here are some ways. You should remember them.
⑤If you are inside:
◆Quickly move under a desk. It will protect you from falling things. Don't run out of the door.
◆Keep away from windows.
◆Turn off the power and fire.
◆Don't get into a lift（电梯）. If you are in a lift, get out as quickly as possible.
⑥If you are outside:
◆Don't stay near tall buildings and trees. Things may fall on you.
◆Be careful of fallen power lines.
◆Lie on the ground in clear areas until the shaking stops.
(
A. Because the earth's surface is too thin.
B. Because there are too many pieces on the earth's surface.
C. Because two pieces of the earth's surface move past each other.
D. Because the pieces of the earth's surface are moving too fast.
(
A.
B. C. D.
(
A.
B. C. D.
(
A. how we can predict an earthquake
B. what we can do before an earthquake
C. how we can save people after an earthquake
D. what we can do during an earthquake
①Almost every thirty seconds, there is an earthquake in the world. Some of these earthquakes are so weak that people can't feel them. But some of them are very serious and many people get hurt or die in them.
②Do you know what causes earthquakes?
③The earth's surface has many pieces. These pieces are always moving. When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake. Scientists are trying to predict（预测）big earthquakes, but it's very hard.
④Do you know how to protect yourself during an earthquake? Here are some ways. You should remember them.
⑤If you are inside:
◆Quickly move under a desk. It will protect you from falling things. Don't run out of the door.
◆Keep away from windows.
◆Turn off the power and fire.
◆Don't get into a lift（电梯）. If you are in a lift, get out as quickly as possible.
⑥If you are outside:
◆Don't stay near tall buildings and trees. Things may fall on you.
◆Be careful of fallen power lines.
◆Lie on the ground in clear areas until the shaking stops.
(
C
)20. Why does an earthquake happen?A. Because the earth's surface is too thin.
B. Because there are too many pieces on the earth's surface.
C. Because two pieces of the earth's surface move past each other.
D. Because the pieces of the earth's surface are moving too fast.
(
B
)21. Which is the best way when an earthquake happens?A.
B. C. D.(
C
)22. The RIGHT structure of the passage may be .A.
B. C. D.(
D
)23. We can know from the passage.A. how we can predict an earthquake
B. what we can do before an earthquake
C. how we can save people after an earthquake
D. what we can do during an earthquake
答案
20.C 21.B 22.C 23.D
解析
【分析】做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握文章主旨，再针对每个小题的问题，回到原文定位相关信息，通过对比选项与原文内容，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。具体到各题：第20题问地震发生的原因，需找原文中关于地震成因的表述；第21题问地震时的正确做法，需定位原文中室内外的保护措施；第22题问文章结构，需梳理各段落的核心内容；第23题问从文章能获取的信息，需总结全文主要内容。
【解析】20. 原文第③段明确指出“When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake.”，即地震发生是因为地表的两块板块互相移动，对应选项C。A选项“地表太薄”、B选项“地表板块太多”、D选项“板块移动太快”均未在原文提及，排除，故选C。
21. 原文⑤段介绍室内地震保护方法（躲桌下、远离窗户、关电源等），⑥段介绍室外方法（远离高楼大树、注意电线、躺空旷地等），结合选项描述，正确做法对应B选项，故选B。
22. 文章结构：①段总述地震的基本情况；②③段说明地震的成因；④⑤⑥段说明地震时的自我保护方法，对应结构选项C，故选C。
23. 文章主要围绕地震发生时的自我保护措施展开，即告诉我们地震时能做什么，对应选项D。A选项“如何预测地震”原文仅提及科学家难预测，未讲方法；B选项“地震前的做法”、C选项“地震后救人”均未提及，排除，故选D。
【答案】20.C 21.B 22.C 23.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、文章结构分析、主旨大意
【点评】本题为科普类英语阅读理解，考查学生对细节信息的定位能力、文章结构的梳理能力及主旨的概括能力，题型常规，难度适中，只要仔细阅读原文，找准对应信息即可解答。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】20. 原文第③段明确指出“When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake.”，即地震发生是因为地表的两块板块互相移动，对应选项C。A选项“地表太薄”、B选项“地表板块太多”、D选项“板块移动太快”均未在原文提及，排除，故选C。
21. 原文⑤段介绍室内地震保护方法（躲桌下、远离窗户、关电源等），⑥段介绍室外方法（远离高楼大树、注意电线、躺空旷地等），结合选项描述，正确做法对应B选项，故选B。
22. 文章结构：①段总述地震的基本情况；②③段说明地震的成因；④⑤⑥段说明地震时的自我保护方法，对应结构选项C，故选C。
23. 文章主要围绕地震发生时的自我保护措施展开，即告诉我们地震时能做什么，对应选项D。A选项“如何预测地震”原文仅提及科学家难预测，未讲方法；B选项“地震前的做法”、C选项“地震后救人”均未提及，排除，故选D。
【答案】20.C 21.B 22.C 23.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、文章结构分析、主旨大意
【点评】本题为科普类英语阅读理解，考查学生对细节信息的定位能力、文章结构的梳理能力及主旨的概括能力，题型常规，难度适中，只要仔细阅读原文，找准对应信息即可解答。
【难度系数】0.6
