一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. We have learned (无数的) useful things from our kind teachers.
2. We (摘) many fresh oranges and apples last Sunday morning.
3. Hard work and patience are great (东西) we need to learn.
4. These small plane (引擎) need regular care to keep flights safe.
5. Many brave (做梦的人) never give up working hard for their goals.

1.countless 2.picked 3.things 4.engines 5.dreamers

【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思写单词的题型，需结合句子的时态、名词单复数等语法规则，匹配对应汉语含义的单词并调整正确形式。第1题需填形容词修饰名词things；第2题根据时间状语确定动词过去式；第3题填名词复数；第4题根据指示代词these确定名词复数；第5题根据修饰词many确定名词复数。
【解析】
1. “无数的”对应的形容词为countless，符合语境；
2. 由时间状语last Sunday morning可知用一般过去时，“摘”的过去式是picked；
3. “东西”对应名词things，此处用复数形式；
4. “引擎”是engine，these后接名词复数，故为engines；
5. “做梦的人”是dreamer，many后接名词复数，故为dreamers。
【答案】
1.countless 2.picked 3.things 4.engines 5.dreamers
【知识点】
词汇运用、名词单复数、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的掌握及语法形式的灵活运用，难度适中，需注意单词的正确形式变化。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. He sat by the desk, (check) his homework carefully.
7. Today people should value their and work hard for their dreams. (young)
8. The charity helps those in so that fewer people will feel . (hunger)
9. We often spend our free time (read) meaningful books after school.
10. We are moved by the love that comes from the bottom of their hearts. (deep)

6.checking 7.young;youth 8.hunger;hungry 9.reading 10.deeply;deep

【分析】
本题考查英语中词性转换、非谓语动词用法及固定搭配，需结合句子结构和语境判断单词的正确形式：
1. 第6题：句子已有谓语动词，需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，逻辑主语是he，主动关系用现在分词；
2. 第7题：第一空修饰名词people用形容词，第二空在形容词性物主代词their后需名词；
3. 第8题：第一空介词in后接名词，第二空系动词feel后接形容词；
4. 第9题：考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth；
5. 第10题：第一空修饰动词moved用副词，第二空修饰名词bottom用形容词。
【解析】
6. 句中已有谓语动词sat，check与主语he是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填checking；
7. 第一空修饰名词people，用形容词young；第二空their后需名词，youth表示“青春”，故填young; youth；
8. 第一空in后接名词hunger（饥饿），构成短语in hunger；第二空feel后接形容词hungry（饥饿的），故填hunger; hungry；
9. 固定搭配spend time doing sth，故填reading；
10. 第一空修饰动词moved，用副词deeply；第二空修饰名词bottom，用形容词deep，故填deeply; deep。
【答案】
6.checking 7.young;youth 8.hunger;hungry 9.reading 10.deeply;deep
【知识点】
非谓语动词、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题围绕基础语法点展开，涵盖非谓语动词、词性转换及固定搭配，是初中英语常见题型，需学生掌握不同词性在句中的功能及常用固定结构，整体难度不大。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读理解。
①Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th, 2025. But his great achievements and strong spirit will always be in our hearts and continue to guide us to a brighter future.
②Born in Guangdong Province in 1926, Huang saw the hard times of his homeland in the war during his childhood. These painful memories pushed him to study hard, and he made up his mind to use his knowledge to make the country strong.
③In the 1950s, when China began the challenging journey of developing nuclear submarines（核潜艇）, Huang Xuhua shouldered the responsibility bravely. It was such a difficult task in China at that time. However, he and his team accepted the challenge. To keep the project secret, they worked in secret, away from their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.
④During the design process, they met lots of challenges. Designing a nuclear reactor（反应堆）, for example, was really difficult. China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret. They needed to depend on their own research. Without computers, they could only use abacuses（算盘）and rulers to do their work. Another key problem was making sure of the submarine's underwater stability（稳定性）. After many tests, they finally succeeded.
⑤In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one. Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels. Instead, he continued to improve submarine technology. And he got the "Medal of the Republic" in 2019.
⑥Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life teaches us to be brave and never give up. We should learn from his spirit. Let's take the responsibility, face challenges bravely, and work hard to build a stronger China.
() 11. Why did Huang Xuhua leave his hometown for years?
A. To study abroad for better education.
B. To keep the nuclear submarine project secret.
C. To take care of his family during the war.
D. To find resources for the submarine design.
() 12. What does the underlined word "one" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A leading scientist.
B. A nuclear submarine.
C. An excellent team.
D. A secret project.
() 13. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Huang Xuhua worked on China's nuclear submarine programme for about 10 years.
B. When designing submarines, Huang Xuhua could turn to foreign experts for help.
C. Huang Xuhua received China's top science award before the first nuclear submarine was started.
D. Only a few countries in the world could build nuclear submarines in the 1970s.
() 14. What may be the best structure of the passage?

11.B 12.B 13.D 14.A

【分析】第14题考查文章结构，需梳理各段落内容及逻辑关系：①段总起介绍黄旭华的成就与精神；②段讲述他的童年背景与强国决心；③-⑤段具体叙述他研发核潜艇的经历（1950年代承担任务、设计挑战、1970年代成功等）；⑥段总结他的精神并号召学习。需匹配选项结构，判断符合“总起-分述经历-总结”逻辑的选项。
【解析】先分析段落功能：①为总起段，引出人物；②-⑤为分述段，分别对应人物成长背景、研发核潜艇的过程；⑥为总结段，升华主题。再看选项：A选项结构为①（总）连接②、③④⑤（分述），再连接⑥（总），符合文章“总-分-总”的结构逻辑；B选项开头是①②，与原文①单独开头不符；C选项中间竖线连接①和⑥，不符合段落间逻辑；D选项开头是①②，与原文不符。
【答案】A
【知识点】英语阅读理解（文章结构）
【点评】本题考查对文章结构的把握，需理清各段落的逻辑关系，区分总起、分述、总结段落，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5