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五、热点素材 阅读理解。
① At 11:44 p. m., on 31 October 2025, Shenzhou-21 was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Carried by the Long March 2F Y21 carrier rocket, the spaceship entered its predetermined orbit(预定轨道) about 10 minutes later, with astronauts Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang in good condition. This was the 37th flight mission of China's manned space programme(载人航天工程) and the final manned mission of 2025, marking solid progress in China's aerospace cause(航天事业).
②A major highlight was its ultra-fast autonomous rendezvous and docking(自主交会对接). At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station. This set a new record for China's manned space missions, showing the maturity of its docking technology. The scheme balanced efficiency and safety, greatly improving the space station's in-orbit operation efficiency(在轨运行效率).
③ Soon after, the 7th "space meeting" in China's aerospace history happened. The Shenzhou-21 crew met the Shenzhou-20 crew, who had been on orbit for over 180 days. They conducted a 5-day in-orbit handover(在轨交接), including file and equipment transfer, ensuring the space station's stable operation.
④During their stay, the crew completed many scientific projects, including China's first in-orbit rodent mammal experiment(在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验) to support long-term manned spaceflight(长期载人航天). They also installed space debris protection devices(空间碎片防护装置) and performed extravehicular activities(出舱活动) for equipment maintenance. The rocket had nearly 20 technical improvements, and the return capsule(返回舱) was optimized to enhance load capacity.
⑤As a key mission in the space station's application phase, Shenzhou-21 improved the station's operation capability and accumulated experience for future tasks. It showcases China's growing aerospace strength and inspires people to pursue dreams in science and space exploration.
(
A. About 10 minutes.
B. 3.5 hours.
C. 5 days.
D. Over 180 days.
(
A. It has no room for further improvement.
B. It is developing rapidly and has strong strength.
C. It only focuses on manned space missions.
D. It has never set any records in space technology.
(
A. Completing many scientific projects including a rodent mammal experiment.
B. Installing space debris protection devices outside the station.
C. Conducting a 5-day in-orbit handover with Shenzhou-20 crew.
D. Making nearly 20 technical improvements to the rocket.
(
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
(
A. Astronauts preparing for space missions.
B. Middle school students interested in space.
C. Scientists researching rocket technology.
D. Engineers designing space stations.
① At 11:44 p. m., on 31 October 2025, Shenzhou-21 was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Carried by the Long March 2F Y21 carrier rocket, the spaceship entered its predetermined orbit(预定轨道) about 10 minutes later, with astronauts Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang in good condition. This was the 37th flight mission of China's manned space programme(载人航天工程) and the final manned mission of 2025, marking solid progress in China's aerospace cause(航天事业).
②A major highlight was its ultra-fast autonomous rendezvous and docking(自主交会对接). At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station. This set a new record for China's manned space missions, showing the maturity of its docking technology. The scheme balanced efficiency and safety, greatly improving the space station's in-orbit operation efficiency(在轨运行效率).
③ Soon after, the 7th "space meeting" in China's aerospace history happened. The Shenzhou-21 crew met the Shenzhou-20 crew, who had been on orbit for over 180 days. They conducted a 5-day in-orbit handover(在轨交接), including file and equipment transfer, ensuring the space station's stable operation.
④During their stay, the crew completed many scientific projects, including China's first in-orbit rodent mammal experiment(在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验) to support long-term manned spaceflight(长期载人航天). They also installed space debris protection devices(空间碎片防护装置) and performed extravehicular activities(出舱活动) for equipment maintenance. The rocket had nearly 20 technical improvements, and the return capsule(返回舱) was optimized to enhance load capacity.
⑤As a key mission in the space station's application phase, Shenzhou-21 improved the station's operation capability and accumulated experience for future tasks. It showcases China's growing aerospace strength and inspires people to pursue dreams in science and space exploration.
(
B
)1. How long did it take Shenzhou-21 to dock with the Tianhe core module after the launch?A. About 10 minutes.
B. 3.5 hours.
C. 5 days.
D. Over 180 days.
(
B
)2. What can we infer from the passage about China's aerospace industry?A. It has no room for further improvement.
B. It is developing rapidly and has strong strength.
C. It only focuses on manned space missions.
D. It has never set any records in space technology.
(
D
)3. Which of the following is NOT part of the Shenzhou-21 crew's in-orbit tasks?A. Completing many scientific projects including a rodent mammal experiment.
B. Installing space debris protection devices outside the station.
C. Conducting a 5-day in-orbit handover with Shenzhou-20 crew.
D. Making nearly 20 technical improvements to the rocket.
(
A
)4. What is the structure of the passage?A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
(
B
)5. Who is the passage most likely written for?A. Astronauts preparing for space missions.
B. Middle school students interested in space.
C. Scientists researching rocket technology.
D. Engineers designing space stations.
答案
1. B 【点拨】根据文章第二段第二句“At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3. 5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station.”可知选B。
2. B 【点拨】根据文章最后一段中的“It showcases China's growing aerospace strength”可知，中国航天实力不断增强，发展迅速。故选B。
3. D 【点拨】根据文章第三、四段可知，乘组的任务包括“完成多项科学项目(含啮齿类哺乳动物实验)”(A选项)、“安装空间碎片防护装置”(B选项)“与神舟二十号乘组进行5天在轨交接”(C选项)。D选项“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”在第四段最后一句提及，但主语是“the rocket”(火箭)，并非乘组的在轨任务，而是发射前的技术优化。故选D。
4. A 【点拨】第一段介绍神舟二十一号的基本信息；第二段讲核心亮点(快速对接)、第三段讲太空会面与在轨交接、第四段讲在轨任务，这三段均为具体任务细节；第五段总结任务意义。因此结构为“总起/分述/总结”。故选A。
5. B 【点拨】文章语言简洁，术语配中文注释，内容涵盖发射、任务、意义等基础信息，无过于专业的深度研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读。故选B。
2. B 【点拨】根据文章最后一段中的“It showcases China's growing aerospace strength”可知，中国航天实力不断增强，发展迅速。故选B。
3. D 【点拨】根据文章第三、四段可知，乘组的任务包括“完成多项科学项目(含啮齿类哺乳动物实验)”(A选项)、“安装空间碎片防护装置”(B选项)“与神舟二十号乘组进行5天在轨交接”(C选项)。D选项“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”在第四段最后一句提及，但主语是“the rocket”(火箭)，并非乘组的在轨任务，而是发射前的技术优化。故选D。
4. A 【点拨】第一段介绍神舟二十一号的基本信息；第二段讲核心亮点(快速对接)、第三段讲太空会面与在轨交接、第四段讲在轨任务，这三段均为具体任务细节；第五段总结任务意义。因此结构为“总起/分述/总结”。故选A。
5. B 【点拨】文章语言简洁，术语配中文注释，内容涵盖发射、任务、意义等基础信息，无过于专业的深度研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读。故选B。
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文把握神舟二十一号任务的整体脉络，之后带着每道题的题干信息回原文精准定位：第1题是细节题，直接查找对接耗时的对应原文表述即可；第2题是推理判断题，结合全文对中国航天的描述，逐一排除明显不符合文意的错误选项，推导正确结论；第3题是细节正误辨析题，逐一核对每个选项对应的原文内容，区分航天员在轨执行的任务和地面研发阶段的火箭优化工作，选出不属于乘组在轨任务的选项；第4题是篇章结构题，逐段概括段落大意，区分总起段、分述细节段、总结段，匹配对应的文章结构；第5题是读者身份推断题，结合文章的语言难度、术语注释设置、内容深浅程度，判断最适配的目标读者群体。
【解析】
1. 细节定位：原文第二段明确说明“发射后仅3.5小时，飞船就和中国空间站天和核心舱完成对接”，A选项的10分钟是飞船进入预定轨道的耗时，C选项的5天是两次乘组在轨交接的时长，D选项的180多天是神舟二十号此前的在轨时长，均不符合题意，选B。
2. 推理判断：A选项“没有进一步提升空间”和原文提到的“积累未来任务经验”矛盾，C选项“只关注载人航天任务”表述绝对且无原文支撑，D选项“从未在航天技术上创造纪录”和原文提到的“创造中国载人航天任务新纪录”矛盾，只有B选项“发展迅速、实力强劲”符合原文“中国航天实力不断增长、技术成熟”的表述，选B。
3. 细节排除：A、B、C三项的内容都是神舟二十一号乘组在轨期间完成的任务，D选项提到的“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”属于地面研发阶段对火箭的优化工作，并非航天员在轨执行的任务，选D。
4. 结构梳理：第①段总起介绍神舟二十一号发射成功的基本背景信息，第②③④段分别介绍快速对接亮点、太空会面与在轨交接、各类在轨任务，属于分述细节的部分，第⑤段总结本次任务的意义和价值，整体结构为总起-分述-总结，对应①/②③④/⑤，选A。
5. 读者推断：文章所有航天专业术语都配有中文注释，内容偏向科普，没有过于艰深的专业研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读，宇航员、火箭研发科学家、空间站设计工程师都不需要这类基础科普内容，选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题结合中国航天热点素材命题，既考察了学生快速定位文本信息的基础阅读能力，也兼顾了推理判断、篇章梳理的综合阅读能力，同时融入了航天科普内容，引导学生关注国家科技发展，难度梯度设置合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文把握神舟二十一号任务的整体脉络，之后带着每道题的题干信息回原文精准定位：第1题是细节题，直接查找对接耗时的对应原文表述即可；第2题是推理判断题，结合全文对中国航天的描述，逐一排除明显不符合文意的错误选项，推导正确结论；第3题是细节正误辨析题，逐一核对每个选项对应的原文内容，区分航天员在轨执行的任务和地面研发阶段的火箭优化工作，选出不属于乘组在轨任务的选项；第4题是篇章结构题，逐段概括段落大意，区分总起段、分述细节段、总结段，匹配对应的文章结构；第5题是读者身份推断题，结合文章的语言难度、术语注释设置、内容深浅程度，判断最适配的目标读者群体。
【解析】
1. 细节定位：原文第二段明确说明“发射后仅3.5小时，飞船就和中国空间站天和核心舱完成对接”，A选项的10分钟是飞船进入预定轨道的耗时，C选项的5天是两次乘组在轨交接的时长，D选项的180多天是神舟二十号此前的在轨时长，均不符合题意，选B。
2. 推理判断：A选项“没有进一步提升空间”和原文提到的“积累未来任务经验”矛盾，C选项“只关注载人航天任务”表述绝对且无原文支撑，D选项“从未在航天技术上创造纪录”和原文提到的“创造中国载人航天任务新纪录”矛盾，只有B选项“发展迅速、实力强劲”符合原文“中国航天实力不断增长、技术成熟”的表述，选B。
3. 细节排除：A、B、C三项的内容都是神舟二十一号乘组在轨期间完成的任务，D选项提到的“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”属于地面研发阶段对火箭的优化工作，并非航天员在轨执行的任务，选D。
4. 结构梳理：第①段总起介绍神舟二十一号发射成功的基本背景信息，第②③④段分别介绍快速对接亮点、太空会面与在轨交接、各类在轨任务，属于分述细节的部分，第⑤段总结本次任务的意义和价值，整体结构为总起-分述-总结，对应①/②③④/⑤，选A。
5. 读者推断：文章所有航天专业术语都配有中文注释，内容偏向科普，没有过于艰深的专业研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读，宇航员、火箭研发科学家、空间站设计工程师都不需要这类基础科普内容，选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题结合中国航天热点素材命题，既考察了学生快速定位文本信息的基础阅读能力，也兼顾了推理判断、篇章梳理的综合阅读能力，同时融入了航天科普内容，引导学生关注国家科技发展，难度梯度设置合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
