训练2
体裁：记叙文 主题：中华文化 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/15
新素养·文化意识（原创）The Empty Fort Strategy, one of the famous stories about Zhuge Liang, comes from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In this story, Zhuge Liang took 1 five thousand men to Xicheng to protect it.
While around half of his men were busy outside the city, riders arrived and reported, “Sima Yi is 2 with one hundred and fifty thousand men.” Zhuge Liang then 3 the city wall and saw dust clouds far away as Sima Yi’s army(军队) moved forward for battle.
Zhuge Liang ordered all the flags to be hidden and soldiers(士兵) to 4 where they were and not to pass in or out of the city. Next, he ordered the city’s four gates to be open wide. At each gate, a few soldiers dressed up as 5 people to clean up the road. At the same time, Zhuge Liang sat on the city wall playing his guqin.
When Sima Yi’s soldiers arrived in Xicheng, they 6 the gates open wide and Zhuge Liang calmly playing the guqin on the city wall. They reported this to Sima Yi right away. Sima Yi rode forward to take a 7 from a distance as he didn’t believe what they said. Puzzled, Sima Yi turned his army around toward the 8 to the north.
When Sima Yi and his army were well into the distance, Zhuge Liang 9 and rubbed(搓) his hands together. But his men were 10. One of them asked, “Why would a general like Sima Yi 11 after looking at you?”
“He thought I was careful. He saw my 12 and believed there was a trap(陷阱), so he left,” Zhuge Liang said. “Sima Yi is 13 to head for the northern hills. I have already told Guan Xing and Zhang Bao to be waiting for him there.”
Sima Yi’s son, Sima Zhao, asked, “14 did we leave, Father?” Sima Yi answered, “Zhuge Liang has always been careful. This time he opened the gates 15 he wanted to trap us. Hurry, let’s get out of here!”
1. A. only
B. hardly
C. still
D. even
2. A. matching
B. practising
C. coming
D. following
3. A. looked down
B. climbed down
C. looked up
D. climbed up
4. A. stay
B. focus
C. record
D. guess
5. A. perfect
B. common
C. untidy
D. unlucky
6. A. remembered
B. praised
C. noticed
D. advised
7. A. trip
B. look
C. test
D. break
8. A. hills
B. rivers
C. city
D. wall
9. A. breathed
B. shouted
C. laughed
D. cried
10. A. tired
B. excited
C. relaxed
D. amazed
11. A. give away
B. give out
C. run out
D. run away
12. A. information
B. difference
C. preparations
D. experiences
13. A. similar
B. sure
C. close
D. blind
14. A. Why
B. How
C. What
D. When
15. A. though
B. because
C. until
D. while

训练2【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了诸葛亮以一座空城巧妙地逼退了司马懿的虎狼之师的故事。
1. A 根据空后“five thousand men”和下文“one hundred and fifty thousand men”可知相比司马懿的十五万人军队，诸葛亮只有五千人军队。故选A。
2. C 根据下文“Sima Yi's army moved forward for battle”可知司马懿带着十五万人军队前来。故选C。
＞＞同义词复现
3. D looked down俯视；climbed down退让；looked up查找；climbed up攀登。根据空后“the city wall and saw dust clouds far away”可知诸葛亮登上城墙看到远处尘土飞扬。故选D。
4. A 根据空后“not to pass in or out of the city”可知诸葛亮下令士兵们留在原地，不得进出城。故选A。
＞＞反义词复现
5. B 根据语境“a few soldiers dressed up as 5 people to clean up the road”可知诸葛亮下令一些士兵扮成平民清理道路。故选B。
6. C 根据空后“the gates open wide and Zhuge Liang calmly playing the guqin on the city wall”可知司马懿的士兵们注意到城门敞开，诸葛亮在城墙上弹奏古琴。故选C。
7. B 根据下文“Why would a general like Sima Yi 11 after looking at you?”可知司马懿从远处看到城门的景象后就退兵了。故选B。
＞＞同源词复现
8. A 根据下文“Sima Yi is 13 to head for the northern hills.”可知司马懿将军队转向北边的山。故选A。
＞＞原词复现
9. C 根据空前“When Sima Yi and his army were well into the distance”可知司马懿不战而退，诸葛亮开心地大笑。故选C。
10. D 根据下文“Why would a general like Sima Yi 11 after looking at you?”可知司马懿不战而退，诸葛亮的部下感到惊讶。故选D。
11. D give away捐赠；give out分发；run out用完；run away逃走。根据下文“He saw my 12 and believed there was a trap, so he left”可知司马懿看到城门的景象后就退兵了。故选D。
＞＞近义词复现
12. C 根据上文可知诸葛亮藏起战旗，让士兵们扮成平民清理道路，自己在城墙上抚琴，这都是他做的对敌准备。故选C。
13. B 根据下文“I have already told Guan Xing and Zhang Bao to be waiting for him there.”可知诸葛亮确定司马懿会去北边的山上。故选B。
14. A 根据下文“Zhuge Liang has always been careful. This time he opened the gates 15 he wanted to trap us.”可知司马懿的儿子询问退兵的原因。故选A。
15. B 空前“This time he opened the gates”和空后“he wanted to trap us”是因果关系，前果后因。故选B。

【分析】
拿到这篇记叙文完形，首先通读全文理清脉络，明确语篇讲述的是中国经典传统文化故事“空城计”，了解诸葛亮面对司马懿大军设下空城计不战而退敌的完整情节。解题时优先结合上下文给出的线索，比如前后文的人数对比、动作逻辑、原词/同义词复现提示，还有句间的逻辑关系逐一匹配选项，遇到不确定的空可以先跳过，等读到后文出现呼应的提示信息后再回头确定答案，最后把选完的答案代入全文通读验证情节通顺性即可。
【解析】
1. 第1空：后文提到司马懿率领的军队有15万人，和诸葛亮的五千人形成强烈人数差，说明诸葛亮当时仅带了五千人驻守西城，only表示“仅仅、只”符合语境，选A。
2. 第2空：根据后文“Sima Yi’s army moved forward for battle”的提示，可知司马懿正带着十五万大军赶来，coming表示“前来、赶来”符合语境，选C。
3. 第3空：后文提到诸葛亮在城墙上远远看到远处的尘土云，说明他是登上城墙才能观察远方的敌军动向，climbed up意为“爬上、登上”，符合动作逻辑，选D。
4. 第4空：后文明确要求士兵不得进出城，对应的要求就是让士兵待在原地不要随意走动，stay表示“停留、待着”符合要求，选A。
5. 第5空：语境是安排士兵假扮成普通人在门口清扫道路，营造出城内毫无伏兵的假象，common people即“平民、普通人”，符合情节设定，选B。
6. 第6空：司马懿的军队抵达西城后，首先观察到城门大开、诸葛亮在城墙上弹琴的景象，noticed表示“注意到、看到”符合语境，选C。
7. 第7空：士兵报告的内容司马懿一开始不信，所以他骑马向前从远处查看实际情况，take a look是固定搭配表示“看一眼”，后文也出现了“after looking at you”的同源复现提示，选B。
8. 第8空：后文原词复现提到“head for the northern hills”，说明司马懿带着军队掉头向北边的山撤退，选A。
9. 第9空：司马懿十五万大军不战而退，危机彻底解除，诸葛亮此时放松下来开心大笑，laughed符合人物状态，选C。
10. 第10空：部下完全不理解为什么坐拥大军的司马懿看到诸葛亮就直接退兵，所以他们的状态是非常惊讶的，amazed表示“惊讶的”符合语境，选D。
11. 第11空：部下提问的内容是为什么像司马懿这样的大将看了诸葛亮之后就直接逃走退兵，run away表示“逃走、撤离”，和后文的“he left”形成近义词复现，选D。
12. 第12空：诸葛亮解释说司马懿看到自己做的所有安排（藏旗帜、安排士兵扮平民扫路、自己抚琴）这些准备工作，就误以为有埋伏，preparations表示“准备工作、布置”符合语境，选C。
13. 第13空：诸葛亮早就预判了司马懿的动向，非常确定司马懿会向北边的山撤退，sure表示“确定的”符合语境，选B。
14. 第14空：后文司马懿给出的解释是退兵的原因，所以他的儿子是在询问为什么要直接撤兵，特殊疑问词Why用来询问原因，选A。
15. 第15空：空前“他打开城门”是结果，空后“他想要给我们设陷阱”是原因，二者是因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句，选B。
【答案】
1-5 ACDAB 6-10 CBACD 11-15 DCBAB
【知识点】
完形填空解题 中华传统文化 逻辑关系判断
【点评】
本题选取中国经典传统文化故事空城计作为语篇，在考察完形填空常规的词义辨析、上下文线索定位、复现法解题能力的同时，渗透文化意识素养，多数题目都能在前后文找到对应的呼应提示，学生解题时要避免脱离全文情节孤立判断单句，结合故事的逻辑走向就能快速锁定正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.35