1.(2024·贵州)一元二次方程$x^2 - 2x = 0$的解是 ( )
A.$x_1=3,x_2=1$
B.$x_1=2,x_2=0$
C.$x_1=3,x_2=-2$
D.$x_1=-2,x_2=-1$
A.$x_1=3,x_2=1$
B.$x_1=2,x_2=0$
C.$x_1=3,x_2=-2$
D.$x_1=-2,x_2=-1$
答案
B
2.若代数式 $ x(x-1) $ 和 $ 3(1-x) $ 的值互为相反数,则 $ x $ 的值为 ( )
A. 1或3
B. −1或−3
C. 1或−1
D. 3或−3
A. 1或3
B. −1或−3
C. 1或−1
D. 3或−3
答案
A
3.(2024·姜堰区期中)利用因式分解法可以将一元二次方程$x(x-2)+x-2=0$转化为两个一元一次方程求解,这两个一元一次方程分别为________.
答案
$x - 2 = 0,$$x + 1 = 0$
4. 一元二次方程 $ 3x(x+1) = 3x + 3 $ 的解是____________.
答案
$x_1 = -1,$$x_2 = 1$
5. 用因式分解法解下列方程:
(1)$3x^2 + 6x = 0$;
(2)$x(x - 7) = 8(7 - x)$;
(3)$(2x - 1)^2 - 2x + 1 = 0$;
(4)$x(2x + 3) = 4x + 6$;
(5)$2(x - 3)^2 = x^2 - 9$;
(6)$(2x + 3)^2 = x^2 - 6x + 9$。
(1)$3x^2 + 6x = 0$;
(2)$x(x - 7) = 8(7 - x)$;
(3)$(2x - 1)^2 - 2x + 1 = 0$;
(4)$x(2x + 3) = 4x + 6$;
(5)$2(x - 3)^2 = x^2 - 9$;
(6)$(2x + 3)^2 = x^2 - 6x + 9$。
答案
解:$3x^{2}+6x = 0,$
$∴3x(x + 2)=0,$
则$3x = 0$或$x + 2 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 0,$$x_2 = -2.$ ; 解:$x(x - 7)=8(7 - x),$
$∴x(x - 7)+8(x - 7)=0,$
$(x - 7)(x + 8)=0,$
则$x - 7 = 0$或$x + 8 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 7,$$x_2 = -8.$ ; 解:$(2x - 1)^{2}-2x + 1 = 0,$
$∴2(2x - 1)(x - 1)=0,$
则$2x - 1 = 0$或$x - 1 = 0,$
解得$x_1=\frac{1}{2},$$x_2 = 1.$ ; 解:$x(2x + 3)=4x + 6,$
$∴x(2x + 3)-2(2x + 3)=0,$
$(x - 2)(2x + 3)=0,$
则$x - 2 = 0$或$2x + 3 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 2,$$x_2 = -\frac{3}{2}.$ ; 解:$2(x - 3)^{2}=x^{2}-9,$
$∴2(x - 3)^{2}=(x + 3)(x - 3),$
$∴(x - 3)(x - 9)=0,$
则$x - 3 = 0$或$x - 9 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 3,$$x_2 = 9.$ ; 解:原方程可化为$x^{2}+6x = 0,$
$∴x(x + 6)=0,$
则$x = 0$或$x + 6 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 0,$$x_2 = -6.$
$∴3x(x + 2)=0,$
则$3x = 0$或$x + 2 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 0,$$x_2 = -2.$ ; 解:$x(x - 7)=8(7 - x),$
$∴x(x - 7)+8(x - 7)=0,$
$(x - 7)(x + 8)=0,$
则$x - 7 = 0$或$x + 8 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 7,$$x_2 = -8.$ ; 解:$(2x - 1)^{2}-2x + 1 = 0,$
$∴2(2x - 1)(x - 1)=0,$
则$2x - 1 = 0$或$x - 1 = 0,$
解得$x_1=\frac{1}{2},$$x_2 = 1.$ ; 解:$x(2x + 3)=4x + 6,$
$∴x(2x + 3)-2(2x + 3)=0,$
$(x - 2)(2x + 3)=0,$
则$x - 2 = 0$或$2x + 3 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 2,$$x_2 = -\frac{3}{2}.$ ; 解:$2(x - 3)^{2}=x^{2}-9,$
$∴2(x - 3)^{2}=(x + 3)(x - 3),$
$∴(x - 3)(x - 9)=0,$
则$x - 3 = 0$或$x - 9 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 3,$$x_2 = 9.$ ; 解:原方程可化为$x^{2}+6x = 0,$
$∴x(x + 6)=0,$
则$x = 0$或$x + 6 = 0,$
解得$x_1 = 0,$$x_2 = -6.$
6.(2024·建湖县月考)已知一个直角三角形的两条直角边的长恰好是方程$x^2 - 3x = 4(x - 3)$的两个实数根,则该直角三角形斜边上的中线长是 ( )
A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2.5
A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2.5
答案
D
7. 用因式分解法解方程 $x^2 - px - 6 = 0$,若将左边分解后有一个因式是 $x - 3$,则 $p$ 的值是( )
A. 5
B. −5
C. −1
D. 1
A. 5
B. −5
C. −1
D. 1
答案
D
8.(2024·句容月考)阅读材料:如果$(x+1)^2 -9=0$,那么$(x+1)^2 -3^2=(x+1+3)(x+1-3)=(x+4)(x-2)$,则$(x+4)(x-2)=0$,由此可知$x_1=-4,x_2=2$.根据以上材料计算$x^2 -2x -1=0$的根为
( )
A.$x_1=1+\sqrt{2},x_2=1-\sqrt{2}$
B.$x_1=-1+\sqrt{2},x_2=-1-\sqrt{2}$
C.$x_1=-1+\sqrt{2},x_2=1-\sqrt{2}$
D.$x_1=1+\sqrt{2},x_2=-1-\sqrt{2}$
( )
A.$x_1=1+\sqrt{2},x_2=1-\sqrt{2}$
B.$x_1=-1+\sqrt{2},x_2=-1-\sqrt{2}$
C.$x_1=-1+\sqrt{2},x_2=1-\sqrt{2}$
D.$x_1=1+\sqrt{2},x_2=-1-\sqrt{2}$
答案
A
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