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D
①As a saying goes, "When one drinks water, one must not forget where it comes from." However, many teenagers only care about themselves instead of other things. Gratifyingly, little Ming is an exception. The boy who lived in Zhengzhou by the Yellow River asked his mother a question which was puzzling him, "Mum, why isn't our water dirty? Why does it taste so fresh?" His mother smiled and told him, "That's because the water in our house comes from the Dan River in the south, by means of the South-to-North Water Diversion(转移) Project."
What is the South-to-North Water Diversion Project?
②As early as 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "There is plenty of water in the south of our country, but a shortage of water in the north. If possible, we should borrow some water from the south." This was the first time the great idea of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project had been mentioned. This project, as its name suggests, simply means
How is the water diverted?
③From the plan for the project, you can discover that most of the water comes from the Yangtze River. This is because the Yangtze River is China's largest river basin. You can also discover that the whole project is divided into western, central and eastern routes, to be completed one after the other, starting with the eastern one. And a close look at the plan will show that the Yangtze River's water is extracted(抽取) by a pumping station, and is sent through a channel over one thousand kilometres to Tianjin and other places nearby.
④China's great water diversion project has transferred nearly 30 billion cubic metres of water in the past five years. The first part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has directly helped over 120 million people since it went into operation on Dec. 12, 2014, according to the Ministry of Water Resources.
(
A. to introduce the topic and catch readers' attention
B. to explain the reason for the clean and sweet water clearly
C. to tell the readers what the people's life in Zhengzhou is like
D. to show the route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
(
A. diverting water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River.
B. diverting water from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River.
C. diverting water from North China to the southern parts of the country.
D. diverting water from South China to the northern parts of the country.
(
①Over 120 million people have benefited from the project.
②The great project started with the eastern route.
③On Dec. 12, 2014, the project was put into use.
④Chairman Mao Zedong advised borrowing water from the south.
⑤the situation of water shortage in the north was very serious.
A. ④⑤②③①
B. ⑤④②③①
C. ⑤④①②③
D. ④⑤①②③
(
A. Three Routes of the Water Diversion Project
B. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project
C. Little Ming's Question and Mum's Answer
D. The Report From the Ministry of Water Resources
①As a saying goes, "When one drinks water, one must not forget where it comes from." However, many teenagers only care about themselves instead of other things. Gratifyingly, little Ming is an exception. The boy who lived in Zhengzhou by the Yellow River asked his mother a question which was puzzling him, "Mum, why isn't our water dirty? Why does it taste so fresh?" His mother smiled and told him, "That's because the water in our house comes from the Dan River in the south, by means of the South-to-North Water Diversion(转移) Project."
What is the South-to-North Water Diversion Project?
②As early as 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "There is plenty of water in the south of our country, but a shortage of water in the north. If possible, we should borrow some water from the south." This was the first time the great idea of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project had been mentioned. This project, as its name suggests, simply means
D
.How is the water diverted?
③From the plan for the project, you can discover that most of the water comes from the Yangtze River. This is because the Yangtze River is China's largest river basin. You can also discover that the whole project is divided into western, central and eastern routes, to be completed one after the other, starting with the eastern one. And a close look at the plan will show that the Yangtze River's water is extracted(抽取) by a pumping station, and is sent through a channel over one thousand kilometres to Tianjin and other places nearby.
④China's great water diversion project has transferred nearly 30 billion cubic metres of water in the past five years. The first part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has directly helped over 120 million people since it went into operation on Dec. 12, 2014, according to the Ministry of Water Resources.
(
A
)42. The writer's main purpose in writing the first paragraph is A
.A. to introduce the topic and catch readers' attention
B. to explain the reason for the clean and sweet water clearly
C. to tell the readers what the people's life in Zhengzhou is like
D. to show the route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
(
D
)43. Which sentence should go on the empty line in Paragraph 2?A. diverting water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River.
B. diverting water from the Yellow River to the Yangtze River.
C. diverting water from North China to the southern parts of the country.
D. diverting water from South China to the northern parts of the country.
(
B
)44. According to the passage, the correct order is B
.①Over 120 million people have benefited from the project.
②The great project started with the eastern route.
③On Dec. 12, 2014, the project was put into use.
④Chairman Mao Zedong advised borrowing water from the south.
⑤the situation of water shortage in the north was very serious.
A. ④⑤②③①
B. ⑤④②③①
C. ⑤④①②③
D. ④⑤①②③
(
B
)45. What's the best title for this passage?A. Three Routes of the Water Diversion Project
B. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project
C. Little Ming's Question and Mum's Answer
D. The Report From the Ministry of Water Resources
答案
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南水北调工程。
42. A 推理判断题。根据第一段“… Mum, why isn't our water dirty? Why does it taste so fresh …”可知，通过小明的问题和妈妈的回答将话题引到南水北调工程，所以第一段的目的是在介绍主题，吸引读者的注意。故选 A。
43. D 补全文章题。根据第二段“‘… If possible, we should borrow some water from the south.’ This was the first time the great idea of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project had been mentioned.”可知，毛主席提出了向南方借点水的建议及南水北调工程的伟大构想，故选项 D“从南方调水到北方”符合语境。故选 D。
44. B 事件排序题。根据第二段“but a shortage of water in the north. If possible, we should borrow some water from the south”可知，北方缺水的情况非常严重，毛主席建议向南方借水；根据第三段“starting with the eastern one”可知，伟大的工程始于东线；根据第四段“The first part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has directly helped over 120 million people since it went into operation on Dec. 12, 2014, according to the Ministry of Water Resources.”可知，2014 年 12 月 12 日，该项目投入使用，超过 1.2 亿人从该项目中受益；正确顺序是④②③①。故选 B。
45. B 标题归纳题。本文介绍了南水北调工程及其实施情况，以选项 B“南水北调工程”为标题最合适。故选 B。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南水北调工程。
42. A 推理判断题。根据第一段“… Mum, why isn't our water dirty? Why does it taste so fresh …”可知，通过小明的问题和妈妈的回答将话题引到南水北调工程，所以第一段的目的是在介绍主题，吸引读者的注意。故选 A。
43. D 补全文章题。根据第二段“‘… If possible, we should borrow some water from the south.’ This was the first time the great idea of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project had been mentioned.”可知，毛主席提出了向南方借点水的建议及南水北调工程的伟大构想，故选项 D“从南方调水到北方”符合语境。故选 D。
44. B 事件排序题。根据第二段“but a shortage of water in the north. If possible, we should borrow some water from the south”可知，北方缺水的情况非常严重，毛主席建议向南方借水；根据第三段“starting with the eastern one”可知，伟大的工程始于东线；根据第四段“The first part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's central route has directly helped over 120 million people since it went into operation on Dec. 12, 2014, according to the Ministry of Water Resources.”可知，2014 年 12 月 12 日，该项目投入使用，超过 1.2 亿人从该项目中受益；正确顺序是④②③①。故选 B。
45. B 标题归纳题。本文介绍了南水北调工程及其实施情况，以选项 B“南水北调工程”为标题最合适。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍南水北调工程的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：
1. 做第42题时，先明确说明文首段的常见作用，不要被段落里的局部细节误导，要判断作者写整个第一段的最终目的，区分内容细节和写作意图。
2. 第43题补全句子，结合前文毛主席提出的"从南方借水"的表述，以及工程名称"南水北调"的字面含义，直接判断调水的方向即可排除方向错误的干扰项。
3. 第44题事件排序，回到原文按时间先后梳理事件的逻辑顺序：先有北方缺水的大背景，再提出构想，再开工建设最早的东线，之后工程投入运行，最后民众受益，就能排出正确顺序。
4. 第45题选标题，要选出能覆盖全文所有内容的选项，排除只对应局部段落的片面选项即可。
【解析】
42. 推理判断题：作者在第一段用小明问妈妈家里的水为什么干净清甜的生活化场景，自然引出南水北调工程的核心话题，同时吸引读者的阅读兴趣。B选项只是段落里的局部细节，不是作者写首段的最终目的；C选项完全偏离段落内容；D选项首段并没有介绍调水路线，因此选A。
43. 补全文章题：前文明确提到毛主席指出我国南方水资源充足、北方水资源短缺，提出要从南方借水的构想，"南水北调"工程的含义就是将南方富余的水资源调配到北方缺水区域。A选项仅提到从长江到黄河不符合工程定义，B、C的调水方向完全和工程实际相反，因此选D。
44. 事件排序题：按照原文的叙事逻辑梳理事件先后：首先是⑤北方水资源短缺的情况十分严峻的大背景，之后1952年④毛主席提出从南方借水的构想，后续工程规划确定三条线路，优先开工②东线工程，之后2014年12月12日③中线一期工程正式投入运行，工程投用后①超过1.2亿民众直接受益，正确顺序为⑤④②③①，因此选B。
45. 标题归纳题：全文从话题引入、工程构想提出、调水路线规划、工程实际成效几个维度，完整介绍了南水北调工程。A选项仅覆盖了线路部分内容，过于片面；C选项只是首段的引入部分，无法概括全文；D选项只是文末的信息引用来源，不能覆盖全部内容，因此选B。
【答案】
42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解细节排序，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题结合我国重大水利工程的国情素材命题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常考题型，难度梯度合理，既考察学生定位原文信息、区分细节和主旨的解题能力，也能让学生了解南水北调工程的相关常识，解题时注意不要把段落局部内容当成全文核心，就能避开干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍南水北调工程的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：
1. 做第42题时，先明确说明文首段的常见作用，不要被段落里的局部细节误导，要判断作者写整个第一段的最终目的，区分内容细节和写作意图。
2. 第43题补全句子，结合前文毛主席提出的"从南方借水"的表述，以及工程名称"南水北调"的字面含义，直接判断调水的方向即可排除方向错误的干扰项。
3. 第44题事件排序，回到原文按时间先后梳理事件的逻辑顺序：先有北方缺水的大背景，再提出构想，再开工建设最早的东线，之后工程投入运行，最后民众受益，就能排出正确顺序。
4. 第45题选标题，要选出能覆盖全文所有内容的选项，排除只对应局部段落的片面选项即可。
【解析】
42. 推理判断题：作者在第一段用小明问妈妈家里的水为什么干净清甜的生活化场景，自然引出南水北调工程的核心话题，同时吸引读者的阅读兴趣。B选项只是段落里的局部细节，不是作者写首段的最终目的；C选项完全偏离段落内容；D选项首段并没有介绍调水路线，因此选A。
43. 补全文章题：前文明确提到毛主席指出我国南方水资源充足、北方水资源短缺，提出要从南方借水的构想，"南水北调"工程的含义就是将南方富余的水资源调配到北方缺水区域。A选项仅提到从长江到黄河不符合工程定义，B、C的调水方向完全和工程实际相反，因此选D。
44. 事件排序题：按照原文的叙事逻辑梳理事件先后：首先是⑤北方水资源短缺的情况十分严峻的大背景，之后1952年④毛主席提出从南方借水的构想，后续工程规划确定三条线路，优先开工②东线工程，之后2014年12月12日③中线一期工程正式投入运行，工程投用后①超过1.2亿民众直接受益，正确顺序为⑤④②③①，因此选B。
45. 标题归纳题：全文从话题引入、工程构想提出、调水路线规划、工程实际成效几个维度，完整介绍了南水北调工程。A选项仅覆盖了线路部分内容，过于片面；C选项只是首段的引入部分，无法概括全文；D选项只是文末的信息引用来源，不能覆盖全部内容，因此选B。
【答案】
42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解细节排序，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题结合我国重大水利工程的国情素材命题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常考题型，难度梯度合理，既考察学生定位原文信息、区分细节和主旨的解题能力，也能让学生了解南水北调工程的相关常识，解题时注意不要把段落局部内容当成全文核心，就能避开干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
