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一、阅读下列材料,从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Natural disasters like typhoons, floods and wildfires happen more often these days. They bring great harm to people's homes and even take lives. Many people wonder if we can do something to reduce their damage,and the answer is yes.
Some disasters have close connections with human activities. Cutting down too many trees makes soil loose. Heavy rain easily washes the soil away and causes serious mudslides. More cars and factories make the earth warmer, which changes the weather, makes typhoons stronger and floods more frequent in many places.
We can take small daily steps to cut disaster damage. Governments can build strong houses in disaster-hit areas and set up early warning systems. These systems tell people about coming disasters in time so they have more time to prepare. Students need to learn basic safety skills,like how to hide safely in an earthquake and escape from sudden floods quickly.
Protecting the environment is the key long-term solution. Planting more trees keeps soil in place and prevents floods. Saving energy and using clean energy like solar power helps slow global warming. Everyone can join in with small acts, such as turning off lights when leaving rooms and taking buses instead of private cars.
Disasters are scary, but we are never helpless. With joint efforts from governments, communities and every person,we can reduce their damage and protect our common home better.
(
A. Fast. B. Often. C. Slow.
(
A. Cutting more trees. B. Building fewer houses. C. Learning basic safety skills.
(
A. early warnings are useless B. all disasters are man-made
C. small acts help reduce disasters
(
A. Students' safety skills. B. Common natural disasters.
C. Ways to reduce disaster damage.
Natural disasters like typhoons, floods and wildfires happen more often these days. They bring great harm to people's homes and even take lives. Many people wonder if we can do something to reduce their damage,and the answer is yes.
Some disasters have close connections with human activities. Cutting down too many trees makes soil loose. Heavy rain easily washes the soil away and causes serious mudslides. More cars and factories make the earth warmer, which changes the weather, makes typhoons stronger and floods more frequent in many places.
We can take small daily steps to cut disaster damage. Governments can build strong houses in disaster-hit areas and set up early warning systems. These systems tell people about coming disasters in time so they have more time to prepare. Students need to learn basic safety skills,like how to hide safely in an earthquake and escape from sudden floods quickly.
Protecting the environment is the key long-term solution. Planting more trees keeps soil in place and prevents floods. Saving energy and using clean energy like solar power helps slow global warming. Everyone can join in with small acts, such as turning off lights when leaving rooms and taking buses instead of private cars.
Disasters are scary, but we are never helpless. With joint efforts from governments, communities and every person,we can reduce their damage and protect our common home better.
(
B
)1. What does the underlined word "frequent" mean?A. Fast. B. Often. C. Slow.
(
C
)2. What helps cut natural disasters?A. Cutting more trees. B. Building fewer houses. C. Learning basic safety skills.
(
C
)3. We can learn from the text that .A. early warnings are useless B. all disasters are man-made
C. small acts help reduce disasters
(
C
)4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Students' safety skills. B. Common natural disasters.
C. Ways to reduce disaster damage.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇防灾主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐步推进：
1. 词义猜测题：先定位划线单词所在的上下文，结合前后文提到的自然灾害发生频率的相关表述，匹配同义选项；
2. 细节理解题：将每个选项逐一返回原文定位，和原文表述比对，排除不符合原文内容的错误选项；
3. 推理判断题：逐个验证三个选项的正误，找到和原文逻辑、内容完全匹配的答案；
4. 主旨大意题：梳理全文首尾段和各段核心内容，排除片面的局部内容选项，选出覆盖全文核心的主旨答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：回到划线词所在的第二段末尾，前文提到汽车和工厂排放让全球变暖，改变天气，使得台风更强，结合首段第一句提到的如今自然灾害“happen more often（发生得更频繁）”的表述，可知frequent的含义是“频繁的、经常发生的”，和B选项Often含义一致，A选项Fast（快的）、C选项Slow（慢的）均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：逐一核对选项：A选项“砍更多树”，原文第二段明确提到过度砍树会让土壤疏松引发泥石流，会加剧灾害，错误；B选项“建更少房子”，原文第三段提到政府要在灾害多发区建造坚固的房屋，该表述和原文相悖，错误；C选项“学习基础安全技能”，原文第三段指出学生学习基础安全技能可以帮助在灾害中避险，减少灾害伤害，符合要求，故选C。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A选项“预警系统毫无用处”，原文第三段提到早期预警系统可以及时通知民众灾害来临，留出准备时间，是有用的，错误；B选项“所有灾害都是人为造成的”，原文第二段仅提到部分灾害和人类活动有关，并非全部灾害都是人为的，表述绝对化，错误；C选项“小的行为有助于减少灾害损失”，原文第四段提到每个人日常的小行动都能助力环保、降低灾害风险，符合原文内容，故选C。
4. 第4题：梳理全文内容，文章先介绍当下自然灾害频发的现状，说明部分灾害和人类活动的关联，之后从政府举措、民众日常避险、长期环保方案等多个维度介绍了减少灾害损失的各类方法，核心主题是减少灾害损失的途径。A选项“学生的安全技能”只是文中的局部细节，B选项“常见自然灾害”仅为开篇引入内容，都不能覆盖全文主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于贴近生活的科普类说明文阅读，难度适中，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的四类考察题型，解题时要牢记所有选项都需要在原文中找到明确的对应依据，不要仅凭主观印象选择，同时文章也向学生科普了防灾减灾、日常环保的相关常识，兼具知识性和思想性。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇防灾主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐步推进：
1. 词义猜测题：先定位划线单词所在的上下文，结合前后文提到的自然灾害发生频率的相关表述，匹配同义选项；
2. 细节理解题：将每个选项逐一返回原文定位，和原文表述比对，排除不符合原文内容的错误选项；
3. 推理判断题：逐个验证三个选项的正误，找到和原文逻辑、内容完全匹配的答案；
4. 主旨大意题：梳理全文首尾段和各段核心内容，排除片面的局部内容选项，选出覆盖全文核心的主旨答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：回到划线词所在的第二段末尾，前文提到汽车和工厂排放让全球变暖，改变天气，使得台风更强，结合首段第一句提到的如今自然灾害“happen more often（发生得更频繁）”的表述，可知frequent的含义是“频繁的、经常发生的”，和B选项Often含义一致，A选项Fast（快的）、C选项Slow（慢的）均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：逐一核对选项：A选项“砍更多树”，原文第二段明确提到过度砍树会让土壤疏松引发泥石流，会加剧灾害，错误；B选项“建更少房子”，原文第三段提到政府要在灾害多发区建造坚固的房屋，该表述和原文相悖，错误；C选项“学习基础安全技能”，原文第三段指出学生学习基础安全技能可以帮助在灾害中避险，减少灾害伤害，符合要求，故选C。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A选项“预警系统毫无用处”，原文第三段提到早期预警系统可以及时通知民众灾害来临，留出准备时间，是有用的，错误；B选项“所有灾害都是人为造成的”，原文第二段仅提到部分灾害和人类活动有关，并非全部灾害都是人为的，表述绝对化，错误；C选项“小的行为有助于减少灾害损失”，原文第四段提到每个人日常的小行动都能助力环保、降低灾害风险，符合原文内容，故选C。
4. 第4题：梳理全文内容，文章先介绍当下自然灾害频发的现状，说明部分灾害和人类活动的关联，之后从政府举措、民众日常避险、长期环保方案等多个维度介绍了减少灾害损失的各类方法，核心主题是减少灾害损失的途径。A选项“学生的安全技能”只是文中的局部细节，B选项“常见自然灾害”仅为开篇引入内容，都不能覆盖全文主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于贴近生活的科普类说明文阅读，难度适中，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的四类考察题型，解题时要牢记所有选项都需要在原文中找到明确的对应依据，不要仅凭主观印象选择，同时文章也向学生科普了防灾减灾、日常环保的相关常识，兼具知识性和思想性。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,有一项为多余选项。
Floods are a common natural disaster that bring trouble to lives and safety,so knowing how to stay safe during them is important for everyone.
Before floods come,you should watch weather reports closely every day. 5.
6.
After floods go away, there can still be dangers of illnesses. 7.
Remember,staying calm is the key during floods. 8.
A. When floods arrive,never walk through deep water.
B. Don't drink tap water directly because it may be polluted.
C. If you follow these steps,you can stay safe until rescuers arrive.
D. Report broken roads or fallen trees to keep the neighbourhood safe.
E. If the weather station sends a flood alarm,you need to prepare quickly.
Floods are a common natural disaster that bring trouble to lives and safety,so knowing how to stay safe during them is important for everyone.
Before floods come,you should watch weather reports closely every day. 5.
E
You can store enough clean water and easy-to-cook food,and move important things to high places to keep them from getting wet.6.
A
You might step into hidden holes or be swept away. If water enters your home, move to the top floor or roof at once. Avoid elevators, take stairs, and don't touch electrical devices with wet hands.After floods go away, there can still be dangers of illnesses. 7.
B
Meanwhile,it's necessary to clean your home with disinfectant to keep away from harmful viruses.Remember,staying calm is the key during floods. 8.
C
A. When floods arrive,never walk through deep water.
B. Don't drink tap water directly because it may be polluted.
C. If you follow these steps,you can stay safe until rescuers arrive.
D. Report broken roads or fallen trees to keep the neighbourhood safe.
E. If the weather station sends a flood alarm,you need to prepare quickly.
答案
5.E 6.A 7.B 8.C
解析
【分析】
这篇阅读还原题是按照洪水来临前、洪水发生时、洪水退去后、全文总结的时间逻辑展开的，解题时先梳理段落分层逻辑：1. 第5空属于洪水来临前的准备板块，空前提示要密切关注天气预报，空后罗列了储备物资、转移贵重物品的具体准备动作，需要填入衔接“收到预警信号就立刻启动准备”的过渡句；2. 第6空属于洪水发生时的注意事项板块，空后解释了蹚水的危险，需要填入对应“不要蹚深水”的总起句；3. 第7空属于洪水退去后的防疫板块，空前提示存在疾病传播风险，空后提到要做消杀工作，需要填入对应防疫要求的语句；4. 第8空是全文收尾部分，需要填入对前文所有安全要点的总结性语句，最后排除无关的多余选项D即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
5. 空前句说明洪水来临前要密切关注每日天气预报，空后罗列了储备干净水、易烹饪食物，将重要物品转移到高处的具体准备动作，E选项“如果气象台发布洪水警报，你需要立刻快速准备”完美衔接“关注天气预报”和后续具体准备动作的逻辑，符合语境。
6. 空后句提到人可能踩到隐藏的坑洞或者被水流冲走，后文也介绍了洪水进屋后的避险方法，这部分是洪水到来时的注意事项，A选项“当洪水来临时，绝对不要蹚过深水”引出后文蹚水的危害，逻辑通顺。
7. 空前句提到洪水退去后仍然有疾病传播的风险，空后提到要用消毒剂打扫房屋远离有害病毒，B选项“不要直接饮用自来水，因为它可能已经被污染”属于洪水过后防疫的重要注意事项，和前后文的防疫主题完全匹配。
8. 空前句提到洪水期间保持冷静是关键，属于全文的收尾部分，C选项“如果你遵循这些步骤，你可以一直保持安全直到救援人员抵达”是对全文所有洪水避险要点的总结，符合收尾语境。
【答案】
5.E 6.A 7.B 8.C
【知识点】
说明文阅读，上下文逻辑衔接，生活常识匹配
【点评】
本题属于典型的事理说明文类阅读还原题，以时间线为核心逻辑线索，各段落主题区分度很高，只要抓住不同阶段的洪水避险主题，匹配对应内容就能快速选出答案，多余选项的内容和所有段落主题都不契合，很容易排除，整体难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
这篇阅读还原题是按照洪水来临前、洪水发生时、洪水退去后、全文总结的时间逻辑展开的，解题时先梳理段落分层逻辑：1. 第5空属于洪水来临前的准备板块，空前提示要密切关注天气预报，空后罗列了储备物资、转移贵重物品的具体准备动作，需要填入衔接“收到预警信号就立刻启动准备”的过渡句；2. 第6空属于洪水发生时的注意事项板块，空后解释了蹚水的危险，需要填入对应“不要蹚深水”的总起句；3. 第7空属于洪水退去后的防疫板块，空前提示存在疾病传播风险，空后提到要做消杀工作，需要填入对应防疫要求的语句；4. 第8空是全文收尾部分，需要填入对前文所有安全要点的总结性语句，最后排除无关的多余选项D即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
5. 空前句说明洪水来临前要密切关注每日天气预报，空后罗列了储备干净水、易烹饪食物，将重要物品转移到高处的具体准备动作，E选项“如果气象台发布洪水警报，你需要立刻快速准备”完美衔接“关注天气预报”和后续具体准备动作的逻辑，符合语境。
6. 空后句提到人可能踩到隐藏的坑洞或者被水流冲走，后文也介绍了洪水进屋后的避险方法，这部分是洪水到来时的注意事项，A选项“当洪水来临时，绝对不要蹚过深水”引出后文蹚水的危害，逻辑通顺。
7. 空前句提到洪水退去后仍然有疾病传播的风险，空后提到要用消毒剂打扫房屋远离有害病毒，B选项“不要直接饮用自来水，因为它可能已经被污染”属于洪水过后防疫的重要注意事项，和前后文的防疫主题完全匹配。
8. 空前句提到洪水期间保持冷静是关键，属于全文的收尾部分，C选项“如果你遵循这些步骤，你可以一直保持安全直到救援人员抵达”是对全文所有洪水避险要点的总结，符合收尾语境。
【答案】
5.E 6.A 7.B 8.C
【知识点】
说明文阅读，上下文逻辑衔接，生活常识匹配
【点评】
本题属于典型的事理说明文类阅读还原题，以时间线为核心逻辑线索，各段落主题区分度很高，只要抓住不同阶段的洪水避险主题，匹配对应内容就能快速选出答案，多余选项的内容和所有段落主题都不契合，很容易排除，整体难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
