一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. The doctor took my （温度）and told me I had a high fever.
2. We all felt heartbroken when we learned that many old photos were （失去）in a sudden fire years ago.
3. What happened last night was a real （令人震惊的事）for the whole family.
4. I am （很深地）moved by his kind and brave actions.
5. These （幸存者）were sharing their terrible experiences with the reporters.

1.temperature 2.lost 3.shock 4.deeply 5.survivors

【分析】
做此类根据汉语提示写单词的题目，需先分析句子结构，明确空格处所需单词的词性，再结合汉语意思，同时注意单词的正确形式（如名词单复数、动词的分词形式、副词等），从而准确填写。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配“take one's temperature”表示“量体温”，结合汉语“温度”，填名词temperature；
2. 句子为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，“失去”的过去分词是lost；
3. 不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，“令人震惊的事”对应的名词是shock；
4. 此处修饰动词moved，需用副词，“很深地”对应的副词是deeply；
5. 指示代词these后需接可数名词复数，“幸存者”的复数形式是survivors。
【答案】
1.temperature 2.lost 3.shock 4.deeply 5.survivors
【知识点】
词汇运用；根据汉语提示写单词
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的识记及在句子中的正确形式运用，属于英语基础题型，侧重考查学生对核心词汇的掌握情况。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、选词填空。
they when hard fighter learn from post leave such careful
A strong cold wind blew all night at the faraway border station. Every member of the army team made up their minds to stay at their 6. without a moment's rest. Their strong wish to protect the motherland supported 7. through every tough day. Guarding the front line is really 8. , full of hidden risks. However, no matter how terrible the weather becomes, these young guardians never 9. their posts ahead of time. They take turns keeping watching, checking every path and marking any unusual signs 10. . Many teenagers come to the station during holidays to 11. them. They realise that peace never comes easily, and countless unknown 12. silently devote their youth to protecting our motherland. 13. persistent devotion（奉献）moves everyone greatly. And their spirit encourages us to hold on 14. we meet difficulties in daily life. They're true heroes and we should show respect to them.

6.posts 7.them 8.hard 9.leave 10.carefully 11.learn from 12.fighters 13.Such 14.when

【分析】
本题为英语选词填空题，解题思路为：先明确所给单词的词义、词性及形式变化规则，再结合每个空格的上下文语境、语法结构（如名词单复数、词性搭配、固定短语等）逐一匹配合适的单词，同时注意单词的形式调整（如名词变复数、形容词变副词等）。
【解析】
6. 空格前为形容词性物主代词their，需接名词，结合语境“坚守岗位”，post（岗位）需用复数形式posts；
7. 空格前为动词supported，需接人称代词宾格作宾语，they的宾格为them；
8. 空格前为系动词is，需接形容词作表语，结合语境“守卫前线很艰难”，选形容词hard；
9. 空格前为副词never，需接动词原形，结合固定搭配“leave one's posts（离岗）”，选动词原形leave；
10. 空格处修饰前面的动作“checking every path and marking any unusual signs”，需用副词，careful的副词形式为carefully；
11. 空格前为不定式符号to，需接动词短语，结合语境“向他们学习”，选learn from；
12. 空格前为形容词unknown，需接名词，且前面有countless（无数的）修饰，fighter（战士）需用复数形式fighters；
13. 空格后为名词devotion，需用形容词修饰，结合语境“这样的奉献”，选Such；
14. 空格后为从句，结合语境“当我们遇到困难时”，需用时间状语从句引导词when。
【答案】
6.posts 7.them 8.hard 9.leave 10.carefully 11.learn from 12.fighters 13.Such 14.when
【知识点】
英语选词填空、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的运用，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配选择合适的单词，同时注意词形变化，整体难度适中，适合考查学生的基础词汇掌握情况。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、分析下列句子结构。
15. Karl says he loves singers who write their own music.
先行词： 关系代词： 关系代词充当的成分：
16. He is the boy with whom we played basketball last weekend.
先行词： 关系代词： 关系代词充当的成分：
17. I think he's a hero who keeps fighting to help the weak people.
先行词： 关系代词： 关系代词充当的成分：

15.singers;who;主语 16.the boy;whom;宾语 17.a hero;who;主语

【分析】
解决这类定语从句相关题目，需遵循三个步骤：1. 定位先行词：先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，需先找出主句中被从句修饰的核心名词；2. 识别关系代词：关系代词用于连接主句和定语从句，常见的有who、whom等；3. 判断关系代词在从句中的成分：将关系代词替换为先行词，代入定语从句，分析其在从句中作主语（动作发出者）还是宾语（动作承受者）。
【解析】
15. 句子中定语从句为“who write their own music”，修饰的名词是“singers”，故先行词为singers；连接从句的关系代词是who；将who替换为singers代入从句，即“singers write their own music”，who在从句中作write的主语，故成分为主语。
16. 句子中定语从句为“with whom we played basketball last weekend”，修饰的名词是“the boy”，故先行词为the boy；连接从句的关系代词是whom；将whom替换为the boy代入从句，即“we played basketball with the boy”，whom在从句中作介词with的宾语，故成分为宾语。
17. 句子中定语从句为“who keeps fighting to help the weak people”，修饰的名词是“a hero”，故先行词为a hero；连接从句的关系代词是who；将who替换为a hero代入从句，即“a hero keeps fighting to help the weak people”，who在从句中作keeps的主语，故成分为主语。
【答案】
15.singers;who;主语 16.the boy;whom;宾语 17.a hero;who;主语
【知识点】
定语从句；先行词；关系代词
【点评】
本题考查定语从句的基础核心知识点，要求学生掌握先行词的判断、关系代词的识别及其在定语从句中充当的成分，属于定语从句的入门题型，侧重基础概念的应用。
【难度系数】
0.5

四、将下列句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句。
18. I'll never forget the farmer. I visited him in 2003.
I'll never forget the farmer in 2003.
19. The girl is standing by the piano. She is my best friend.
The girl by the piano is my best friend.
20. The man teaches us English. He comes from Ningbo.
The man us English comes from Ningbo.
21. Do you know the man? The man is reading under a big tree.
Do you know the man under a big tree?
22. The boy is my elder brother. John is talking with the boy.
The boy John is talking is my elder brother.

18.who/whom;I;visited 19.who;is;standing 20.who;teaches 21.who;is;reading 22.with;whom

【分析】合并句子为定语从句的核心步骤：①定位两个句子的共同名词（先行词）；②判断先行词在第二个句子中的成分（主语/宾语/介词宾语）；③根据先行词指人/物及成分选关系词（本题均指人，用who/whom）；④去掉重复的先行词，将关系词置于从句开头，完成合并。
【解析】
18. 先行词为the farmer（指人），在从句中作visited的宾语，故用关系代词who/whom，删除重复的him，从句调整为I visited，因此填who/whom I visited。
19. 先行词为the girl（指人），在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，保留从句的谓语部分is standing，因此填who is standing。
20. 先行词为the man（指人），在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，保留从句的谓语teaches，因此填who teaches。
21. 先行词为the man（指人），在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，保留从句的谓语部分is reading，因此填who is reading。
22. 先行词为the boy（指人），在从句中作介词with的宾语，介词提前时用whom，因此填with whom。
【答案】18.who/whom;I;visited 19.who;is;standing 20.who;teaches 21.who;is;reading 22.with;whom
【知识点】定语从句，关系代词who/whom，介词+关系代词
【点评】本题考查定语从句的基础运用，核心是掌握先行词、关系词的判断规则，属于初中英语的基础考点，需熟练掌握关系词的选择方法。
【难度系数】0.5