1.如图,AD为$△ ABC$的中线,若$△ ABC$的面积为$4\ \mathrm{cm}^2$,则$△ ABD$的面积为(

A.$0.5\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
B.$1\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
C.$2\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
D.$3\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
C
)A.$0.5\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
B.$1\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
C.$2\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
D.$3\ \mathrm{cm}^2$
答案
$\because AD$为$△ ABC$的中线,
$\therefore BD=CD=\frac{1}{2}BC$,
$\therefore S_{△ ABD}=S_{△ ACD}=\frac{1}{2}S_{△ ABC}=2\ \mathrm{cm}^2$.
$\therefore BD=CD=\frac{1}{2}BC$,
$\therefore S_{△ ABD}=S_{△ ACD}=\frac{1}{2}S_{△ ABC}=2\ \mathrm{cm}^2$.
2.如图,AD是△ABC的中线,已知△ABD的周长为28 cm,AB比AC长6 cm,则△ACD的周长为(

A.31 cm
B.25 cm
C.22 cm
D.19 cm
C
)A.31 cm
B.25 cm
C.22 cm
D.19 cm
答案
$\because AD$是$△ ABC$的中线,$\therefore BD=CD$,
$\because △ ABD$的周长为28 cm,$\therefore AB+BD+AD=28\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\because AB$比$AC$长6 cm,$\therefore AB=AC+6\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\therefore AC+CD+AD=22\ \mathrm{cm}$.
故$△ ACD$的周长为22 cm.
$\because △ ABD$的周长为28 cm,$\therefore AB+BD+AD=28\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\because AB$比$AC$长6 cm,$\therefore AB=AC+6\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\therefore AC+CD+AD=22\ \mathrm{cm}$.
故$△ ACD$的周长为22 cm.
3.如图,在$△ ABC$中,$∠ B=40°,∠ C=50°,AD$平分$∠ BAC$交$BC$于点$D,DE// AB$,交$AC$于点$E$,则$∠ ADE$的大小是 (


A.$40°$
B.$45°$
C.$50°$
D.$90°$
B
)A.$40°$
B.$45°$
C.$50°$
D.$90°$
答案
$\because ∠ B=40°,∠ C=50°,\therefore ∠ BAC=180°-∠ B-∠ C=90°$,$\because AD$平分$∠ BAC$,$\therefore ∠ BAD=∠ CAD=\frac{1}{2}∠ BAC=45°$.$\because DE// AB$,$\therefore ∠ ADE=∠ BAD=45°$.故选B.
4.「2026江苏盐城期中」如图,已知$△ ABC$的角平分线$BE$,$CF$交于点$G$,若$∠ BGC = 115°$,则$∠ A =$ 
50
°。答案
$\because ∠ BGC=115°$,$\therefore ∠ GBC+∠ GCB=180°-115°=65°$,$\because BE,CF$是$△ ABC$的角平分线,$\therefore ∠ GBC=\frac{1}{2}∠ ABC$,$∠ GCB=\frac{1}{2}∠ ACB$,$\therefore ∠ ABC+∠ ACB=130°$,
$\therefore ∠ A=180°-130°=50°$.
$\therefore ∠ A=180°-130°=50°$.
5.「2026江苏无锡江阴长泾中学月考」如图,AD,AE分别为△ABC的中线和高,已知△ABD的面积为6,AE=3,则BC的长为(

A.4
B.6
C.8
D.12
C
)A.4
B.6
C.8
D.12
答案
$\because AD$为$△ ABC$的中线,
$\therefore S_{△ ABC}=2S_{△ ABD}=2×6=12$,
$\because AE$为$△ ABC$的高,
$\therefore S_{△ ABC}=\frac{1}{2}BC· AE=12$,
$\because AE=3$,
$\therefore BC=8$.故选C.
$\therefore S_{△ ABC}=2S_{△ ABD}=2×6=12$,
$\because AE$为$△ ABC$的高,
$\therefore S_{△ ABC}=\frac{1}{2}BC· AE=12$,
$\because AE=3$,
$\therefore BC=8$.故选C.
6. 学科特色 分类讨论思想 「2026天津武清南湖中学月考」已知AD是△ABC的高,∠BAD = 70°,∠CAD = 30°,则∠BAC的度数为
100°或40°
。答案
如图1,当高$AD$在$△ ABC$的内部时,$∠ BAC=∠ BAD+∠ CAD=70°+30°=100°$;
如图2,当高$AD$在$△ ABC$的外部时,$∠ BAC=∠ BAD-∠ CAD=70°-30°=40°$.
综上,$∠ BAC$的度数为$100°$或$40°$.
7. 学科特色 教材变式 如图,分别画出$△ ABC$的角平分线AD、中线CE和高BF.(尺规作图,保留作图痕迹)

答案
如图,线段$AD,CE,BF$即为所求.
8. 学科特色 等积法 「2026 江苏镇江丹阳期中,★☆」如图,在△ABC中,AD为BC边上的中线,DE⊥AB于点E,DF⊥AC于点F,AB=6,AC=8,DF=$\frac{12}{5}$,则DE的长为(

A.$\frac{16}{5}$
B.3
C.2
D.$\frac{8}{5}$
A
)A.$\frac{16}{5}$
B.3
C.2
D.$\frac{8}{5}$
答案
$\because AD$为$BC$边上的中线,$\therefore BD=CD$,
$\therefore S_{△ ABD}=S_{△ ACD}$,$\because DE⊥ AB$于点$E$,$DF⊥ AC$于点$F$,
$\therefore \frac{1}{2}AB· DE=\frac{1}{2}AC· DF$,$\because AB=6$,$AC=8$,$DF=\frac{12}{5}$,
$\therefore \frac{1}{2}×6DE=\frac{1}{2}×8×\frac{12}{5}$,解得$DE=\frac{16}{5}$.故选A.
$\therefore S_{△ ABD}=S_{△ ACD}$,$\because DE⊥ AB$于点$E$,$DF⊥ AC$于点$F$,
$\therefore \frac{1}{2}AB· DE=\frac{1}{2}AC· DF$,$\because AB=6$,$AC=8$,$DF=\frac{12}{5}$,
$\therefore \frac{1}{2}×6DE=\frac{1}{2}×8×\frac{12}{5}$,解得$DE=\frac{16}{5}$.故选A.
9. 聚焦 中考 尺规作图 「2026浙江金华义乌期中,★☆」如图,在$△ ABC$中,$∠ B=50°$,$∠ C=30°$,$AD$是高,以点$A$为圆心,$AB$长为半径画弧,交$AC$于点$E$,再分别以点$B$,$E$为圆心,大于$\frac{1}{2}BE$的长为半径画弧,两弧在$∠ BAC$的内部交于点$F$,作射线$AF$,则$∠ DAF=\_\_\_\_\_\_°$。

答案
10
解析 在$△ ABC$中,$∠ B=50°$,$∠ C=30°$,$\therefore ∠ BAC=180°-50°-30°=100°$,由作图痕迹可知,$AF$平分$∠ BAC$,$\therefore ∠ BAF=\frac{1}{2}∠ BAC=50°$,$\because AD$是$△ ABC$的高,
$\therefore AD⊥ BC$,$\therefore ∠ ADB=90°$,$\because ∠ B=50°$,$\therefore ∠ BAD=180°-∠ ADB-∠ B=40°$,$\therefore ∠ DAF=∠ BAF-∠ BAD=10°$.
解析 在$△ ABC$中,$∠ B=50°$,$∠ C=30°$,$\therefore ∠ BAC=180°-50°-30°=100°$,由作图痕迹可知,$AF$平分$∠ BAC$,$\therefore ∠ BAF=\frac{1}{2}∠ BAC=50°$,$\because AD$是$△ ABC$的高,
$\therefore AD⊥ BC$,$\therefore ∠ ADB=90°$,$\because ∠ B=50°$,$\therefore ∠ BAD=180°-∠ ADB-∠ B=40°$,$\therefore ∠ DAF=∠ BAF-∠ BAD=10°$.
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