2026年通城学典课时作业本八年级英语下册译林版宿迁专版第118页答案
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2025·连云港模拟改编)Extra classes should be
voluntary
(volunteer), not forced. We can choose what we like freely.
2. (2025·泰州期末改编)Poems influence people a lot. For example, the poems of Bai Juyi are still
meaningful
(meaning) today.
3. — All the doctors and nurses didn't give up
saving
(save) the young man.
— They are so brave!
4. (2025·盐城模拟改编)— Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honoured as one of the 10 “People Who Moved China”?
— Yes, she
created
(create) the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped a lot of students to go to college.
5. — Why weren't you in the room at 10 o'clock this morning, Betty?
— Oh, I
was chatting
(chat) with my grandma in the garden.
6. Many of the old buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers have
carefully
(care) made them look as good as new.

答案

1. voluntary 2. meaningful 3. saving 4. created 5. was chatting 6. carefully

解析

【分析】
本题为用所给单词适当形式填空的题型,需结合句子结构、固定搭配、时态要求进行变形:
1. 句中be后需形容词作表语,需将名词volunteer转换为形容词;
2. are为系动词,后需形容词作表语,需将名词meaning转换为形容词;
3. 涉及固定搭配,需掌握give up的用法;
4. 描述过去发生的动作,需用一般过去时;
5. 针对过去具体时刻的动作,需用过去进行时;
6. 修饰动词需用副词,需将名词care转换为副词。
【解析】
1. 分析句子结构,be动词后需形容词作表语,volunteer的形容词形式为voluntary,故填voluntary;
2. are为系动词,后接形容词作表语,meaning的形容词形式为meaningful,故填meaningful;
3. 固定搭配give up doing sth(放弃做某事),此处需动名词,故填saving;
4. 句中描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,create的过去式为created,故填created;
5. 问句时间状语为过去具体时刻(at 10 o'clock this morning),答句需用过去进行时,主语为I,结构为was + 现在分词,故填was chatting;
6. 此处修饰动词made,需用副词,care的副词形式为carefully,故填carefully。
【答案】
1. voluntary 2. meaningful 3. saving 4. created 5. was chatting 6. carefully
【知识点】
词性转换、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法中的词性转换、动词时态及固定搭配,题型常规,侧重核心知识点的应用,学生需掌握不同词性的变形规则和常见时态的用法,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
(
A
) 1.It is necessary
for
us
to eat
some vegetables and fruit every day to keep healthy.

A.for; to eat
B.for; eating
C.of; to eat
D.of; eating

答案

1. A

解析

【分析】要解决这道题,需掌握两个核心知识点:一是固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”与“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”的区别;二是该句型中动词不定式作真正主语的用法。首先判断介词:当形容词描述“做某事这件事”的性质时,用for;当形容词描述“人的品质”时,用of。本题中necessary(必要的)是描述“每天吃蔬菜水果”这件事的必要性,所以用for。其次,该句型中真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以第二空用to eat,因此选A。
【解析】本题考查固定句型的用法。固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,其中it为形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式;而“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”用于形容词修饰人的品格的情况,本题中necessary修饰的是“吃蔬菜水果”这件事的必要性,故第一空用for;第二空需用动词不定式to eat,因此答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】固定句型;介词辨析;动词不定式
【点评】本题是英语基础题,主要考查常用固定句型的用法,需区分for和of在该句型中的不同适用场景,掌握动词不定式作真正主语的规则,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.2
(
B
) 2. — It's kind
of
him to help me with my study.
— Yes. He is always kind
to
everyone.

A.for; of
B.of; to
C.to; of
D.to; to

答案

2. B

解析

【分析】
本题考查英语中形容词与介词的固定搭配。解题思路分两步:第一步,判断第一空的介词,需结合“It's + 形容词 + sb to do sth”的句型规则,当形容词描述人的品质时用介词of;第二步,判断第二空的介词,需牢记“be kind to sb”这一固定短语,意为“对某人友好”,据此可推导答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空:句型“It's + 形容词 + of sb to do sth”用于描述人的品质,此处“kind(善良的)”是形容him的品质,因此用介词of,排除A、C、D选项中第一空不符合要求的部分;
2. 第二空:固定短语“be kind to sb”表示“对某人友好”,此处需用介词to,结合第一空的结论,最终确定答案为B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
介词固定搭配;形容词与介词搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础的介词固定搭配,属于初中英语语法的核心基础内容,需牢记相关句型和短语的用法即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.8
(
D
) 3. It was very difficult
for
me
to get
everything ready in time.

A.of; getting
B.for; getting
C.of; to get
D.for; to get

答案

3. D

解析

【分析】这道题考查英语固定句型的用法,解题分两步:第一步,区分两个相似句型的介词用法:当形容词描述“做某事的性质/难度”时,用介词for;当形容词描述“人的品质/性格”时,用介词of。本题中形容词difficult(困难的)是描述“及时准备好一切”这件事的难度,并非人的品质,所以第一空用for。第二步,明确句型结构:it是形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式短语,所以第二空需用动词不定式to get。
【解析】固定句型“It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth”表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”,其中it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式短语;而“It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do sth”仅用于形容词修饰人的品质(如kind、wise等)的情况。本题中difficult修饰的是“准备一切”这件事的难度,故第一空填for;该句型要求真正主语用不定式,因此第二空填to get,对应选项D。
【答案】D
【知识点】固定句型(It's + adj + for sb to do sth)、动词不定式作主语
【点评】本题为初中英语基础语法题,核心考查固定句型中介词for和of的用法区别,以及不定式作主语的结构,属于高频基础考点,难度较低,掌握基础规则即可解答。
【难度系数】0.7
(
C
) 4. It is selfish
of
him
not to share
his dictionary with others.

A.of; to not share
B.for; not to share
C.of; not to share
D.for; to not share

答案

4. C

解析

【分析】
本题考查it作形式主语的固定句型、介词of/for的用法区分以及不定式的否定形式。解题思路:第一步,根据形容词的属性确定介词of或for;第二步,根据不定式的否定规则确定正确的不定式结构,最终选出对应选项。
【解析】
1. 介词of与for的用法区分:句型“It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.”中,若形容词描述人的性格、品质(如本题的selfish“自私的”),用介词of;若形容词描述事物的性质,则用for。本题中selfish是形容人的品质,故第一空用of,排除B、D选项。
2. 不定式的否定形式:不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth.”,因此第二空应为not to share,排除A选项。
综上,答案为C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
it作形式主语;介词辨析;不定式的否定形式
【点评】
本题是初中英语的基础考点题,重点考察it作形式主语句型中of与for的用法差异,以及不定式的否定规则,属于需熟练掌握的核心基础知识点。
【难度系数】
0.6
(
C
) 5. — Excuse me, where is the store?
— You should
cross
the street. It is on the left of the library.

A.make
B.drive
C.cross
D.write

答案

5. C

解析

【分析】
这是一道英语动词词义辨析题,解题思路为:先理解对话的语境,明确答句需要表达“穿过街道”的动作;再逐一分析选项中动词的含义和用法,排除不符合语境的选项,选出正确答案。
【解析】
对话翻译:——打扰一下,商店在哪里?——你应该穿过这条街道,它在图书馆的左边。
选项分析:
A. make:意为“制作”,不符合“到商店需要做的动作”的语境;
B. drive:意为“驾驶”,后通常接交通工具(如drive a car),不能直接接the street,用法错误;
C. cross:意为“穿过”,cross the street是固定短语,符合语境;
D. write:意为“写”,与句意无关。
综上,答案选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词词义辨析;固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础动词的词义和常用搭配,结合日常问路的对话语境,难度较低,侧重考查学生对常用动词的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8
(
C
) 6. — What places of interest are there in Yangzhou?
— I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful
experience
!

A.movement
B.change
C.experience
D.research

答案

6. C

解析

【分析】本题为英语名词词义辨析题,解题时需先把握对话语境,再分析各选项词义,最后结合语境选出符合句意的词汇。对话围绕扬州名胜展开,答句提到乘船游览瘦西湖,需选能描述该活动性质的名词。
【解析】逐一分析选项:A项movement意为“运动;活动”,不符合乘船游览的活动属性;B项change意为“改变”,语义与语境不符;C项experience意为“经历;体验”,“a wonderful experience”表示“很棒的体验”,符合乘船游览瘦西湖的语境;D项research意为“研究”,不符合句意。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】名词词义辨析,英语词汇运用
【点评】本题考查基础名词的词义辨析,需结合具体语境判断词汇的恰当用法,属于英语学科的基础题型,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
March is the month to learn from Lei Feng in China, and the 1.
fifth
(five) day of March is set by our country as Learn From Lei Feng Day. Lei Feng is probably one of the 2.
most famous
(famous) soldiers in China. He always thought more about others than 3.
himself
(he). He helped many people during his 22 years of life. He often spent his spare time and money 4.
helping
(help) people in need. He carried luggage for the old and gave food to children. He didn't say anything about 5.
what
he did. After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about him. He is regarded(认为) as 6.
a
symbol of the giving spirit.
Today the “Lei Feng Spirit” still encourages Chinese people to do volunteer work. The Youth Team is one of the volunteer groups that worked at the Hangzhou 2023 Asian Games. The 192 young volunteers worked for 16 days and offered more than 6, 000 hours of selfless service 7.
to
the players from all over Asia. It is not an easy job to work as a volunteer. Liu Jun, 21, from the team, designed the routes(路线) to help people get in and out of the venue more 8.
easily
(easy) and safely. Other volunteers helped clear the stadiums. Also, a volunteer needs to learn a lot. They needed to know all about the venues. They also kept the history and the stories behind them in mind to better show the 9.
beauty
(beautiful) of Hangzhou to guests.
“People say volunteering is about giving, but in the past two weeks I 10.
have learned/learnt
(learn) a lot through being a volunteer—the honour and the praise, as well as the growing personal skills,” said a volunteer.

答案

1. fifth 2. most famous 3. himself 4. helping 5. what 6. a 7. to 8. easily 9. beauty 10. have learned/learnt

解析

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题,需结合语境、语法规则、固定搭配等逐个分析填空。解题思路:先通读短文理解大意,再针对每个空的结构和语义判断所需词汇形式:1. 表“第五天”用序数词;2. “one of”后接形容词最高级;3. 主语对应反身代词;4. 依据spend的固定搭配用动名词;5. 宾语从句缺宾语用what;6. 泛指“一种象征”用不定冠词;7. 依据offer的固定搭配用介词;8. 修饰动词用副词;9. the后接名词;10. 结合时间状语用现在完成时。
【解析】
1. 此处表示“三月的第五天”,需用序数词,故将基数词five变为fifth;
2. “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构,意为“最……之一”,famous的最高级为most famous;
3. 句意为“他更多考虑他人而非自己”,主语是he,对应反身代词himself;
4. 固定搭配spend...(in) doing sth(花费……做某事),故将help变为helping;
5. 介词about后接宾语从句,从句缺宾语指代“所做的事”,用连接词what;
6. 表泛指“一种奉献精神的象征”,用不定冠词a;
7. 固定搭配offer sth to sb(向某人提供某物),故填介词to;
8. 修饰动词短语get in and out,需用副词,easy的副词形式为easily;
9. 定冠词the后接名词,beautiful的名词形式为beauty;
10. 时间状语“in the past two weeks”是现在完成时的标志,主语为I,故用have learned/learnt。
【答案】
1. fifth 2. most famous 3. himself 4. helping 5. what 6. a 7. to 8. easily 9. beauty 10. have learned/learnt
【知识点】
序数词、形容词最高级、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法与词汇变形,涵盖序数词、最高级、反身代词、时态等核心考点,侧重对常见固定搭配和语法结构的运用,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6