训练3
体裁：说明文
主题：传统工艺
难度：★★★★
新素养·文化意识
A lot of excellent straw-made miniatures (微缩模型) of classic ancient buildings make Xu Jian's home more beautiful. They range from the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province to the Palace Museum's turrets in Beijing. They are all crafted, tied and arranged carefully by Xu's skillful hands.
"All the doors, windows and everything else are made of sorghum stalks(高粱秆)," Xu points to the Yellow Crane Tower that is 1 meter high at his base in Yongqing County, Langfang City, Hebei Province. This special piece was made out of hundreds of thousands of sorghum stalks and took him two years to complete without the use of any nails or glue. "It completely depends on interlocking, tenon-and-mortise structures," the man in his thirties explains.
The sorghum straw art requires lots of patience, especially for works showing images of ancient buildings. They usually take several months or even one to two years to complete. Moreover, all the beams and columns(梁柱) are straightened after being heated over a lamp. It's the only way that every door and window can open and close properly.
The sorghum straw art follows strict standards from choosing material to producing. Xu has grown sorghum in his farmland and chooses those of the highest quality to create straw works. Almost every piece includes hundreds of crafting steps. Xu doesn't waste the leftover stalks, either, as he turns them into windmills.
"In the eyes of many people, sorghum straw is only agricultural(农业的) waste, but through the creativity of craftsmen, it can be turned into beautiful works of art and even a treasure," Xu says.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过6个词。
1. What does the writer think of Xu Jian's Yellow Crane Tower and Palace Museum's turrets?

2. How long did Xu Jian spend making the 1-meter-high Yellow Crane Tower?

3. How does Xu Jian make beams and columns straight?

4. What can we learn about Xu Jian's personality from the process of creating sorghum straw art? (At least 3)

5. What do you think of the craftsmen like Xu Jian?

1. Excellent. 根据第一段“A lot of excellent straw-made miniatures of classic ancient buildings make Xu Jian's home more beautiful. They range from the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province to the Palace Museum's turrets in Beijing.”可知作者认为徐健的黄鹤楼和故宫角楼很优秀。
2. Two years. 根据第二段“This special piece was made out of hundreds of thousands of sorghum stalks and took him two years to complete without the use of any nails or glue.”可知制作1米高的黄鹤楼耗时两年。
3. By heating them over a lamp. 根据第三段“Moreover, all the beams and columns are straightened after being heated over a lamp.”可知通过加热使梁柱变直。
4. Patience, creativity and environmental awareness. 根据第三段“The sorghum straw art requires lots of patience”，第四段“Xu doesn't waste the leftover stalks, either, as he turns them into windmills.”和最后一段“In the eyes of many people, sorghum straw is only agricultural waste, but through the creativity of craftsmen, it can be turned into beautiful works of art and even a treasure”可知徐健具有耐心、创造力和环保意识。
5. I feel proud of them.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）

【分析】
这是一篇介绍传统高粱秆微缩模型工艺的说明文，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个问题回到原文对应段落定位关键信息，提取答案时要严格遵守“不超过6个词”的要求，部分题目需结合原文细节归纳得出结论。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段，根据“A lot of excellent straw-made miniatures... They range from the Yellow Crane Tower... to the Palace Museum's turrets”可知作者认为这些作品优秀，提取关键信息得答案；
2. 定位第二段，根据“This special piece... took him two years to complete”可知制作耗时，直接提取得答案；
3. 定位第三段，根据“all the beams and columns are straightened after being heated over a lamp”可知梁柱变直的方法，整理得答案；
4. 结合第三段“requires lots of patience”、第四段“doesn't waste the leftover stalks”、最后一段“through the creativity of craftsmen”归纳人物品质，得答案；
5. 为开放性问题，结合对传统工艺工匠的赞美等合理作答即可。
【答案】
1. Excellent.
2. Two years.
3. By heating them over a lamp.
4. Patience, creativity and environmental awareness.
5. I feel proud of them.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息定位、归纳推理
【点评】
本题围绕传统工艺主题，考查学生的信息定位、归纳能力，符合文化意识素养要求，需注意答案的字数限制，部分题目需结合多段内容归纳。
【难度系数】
0.6