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训练4
体裁:说明文 主题:节约与浪费 难度:★★★★★ 建议用时:9 min 正确率: /10
Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table，but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges. What's worse，pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage.
In developing countries，forty percent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing. Because of this，farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty(贫穷). They are also short of quick transportation and refrigeration，so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial-sized fridges to keep their products in good conditions.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty percent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. In many cases，the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”，falling short of industry standards(标准).
Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock. Most surprisingly，in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest，800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also，fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present，it seems that food production doesn't reduce，but it may influence all the living things on the earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as “once in a hundred years” happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans，as well as other life on the earth. It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table，but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
体裁:说明文 主题:节约与浪费 难度:★★★★★ 建议用时:9 min 正确率: /10
Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table，but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges. What's worse，pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage.
In developing countries，forty percent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing. Because of this，farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty(贫穷). They are also short of quick transportation and refrigeration，so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial-sized fridges to keep their products in good conditions.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty percent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. In many cases，the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look “ugly”，falling short of industry standards(标准).
Polluting and destroying environment do harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock. Most surprisingly，in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest，800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also，fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present，it seems that food production doesn't reduce，but it may influence all the living things on the earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as “once in a hundred years” happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans，as well as other life on the earth. It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table，but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
答案
训练 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家食物浪费的情况,环境问题和自然灾害等因素对食物生产的不良影响,强调食物浪费是消费者和政府需要共同解决的问题。
1. seriously 根据第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”可知食物从农田到消费者冰箱的过程中有严重的损失;修饰空前动词“is lost”,应用副词。故填 seriously。
2. Situations/Facts 根据表格右侧的内容可知,此处介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的情况。故填 Situations/Facts。
3. poor 根据第二段“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”可知农民因为食物浪费陷入贫穷的循环。故填 poor。
4. quickly/fast 根据第二段“They are also short of quick transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”可知因为缺乏快速运输和冷藏,庄稼可能会变质;修饰空前动词“can't be transported”,应用副词。故填 quickly/fast。
5. over 根据第三段“More than forty percent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”可知超过40%的食物浪费发生在买卖过程中;more than = over。故填 over。
6. unless 根据第三段“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”可知人们扔掉蔬菜和水果,除非它们看起来好看且符合标准。故填 unless。
7. influences/effects 根据表格右侧的内容可知,此处介绍环境问题和自然灾害等因素对食物生产的不良影响。故填 influences/effects。
8. reduced 根据第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”可知一些自然区域被减少以用于种植粮食作物和饲养牲畜;此处是被动语态。故填 reduced。
9. century 根据第五段“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”可知自然灾害不再是过去所认为的“百年一遇”,而是更频繁地发生;a hundred years = a century。故填 century。
10. both 根据最后一段“It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”可知食物浪费是需要消费者和政府共同解决的问题;both...and...表示“两者都”。故填 both。
1. seriously 根据第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”可知食物从农田到消费者冰箱的过程中有严重的损失;修饰空前动词“is lost”,应用副词。故填 seriously。
2. Situations/Facts 根据表格右侧的内容可知,此处介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的情况。故填 Situations/Facts。
3. poor 根据第二段“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”可知农民因为食物浪费陷入贫穷的循环。故填 poor。
4. quickly/fast 根据第二段“They are also short of quick transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”可知因为缺乏快速运输和冷藏,庄稼可能会变质;修饰空前动词“can't be transported”,应用副词。故填 quickly/fast。
5. over 根据第三段“More than forty percent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”可知超过40%的食物浪费发生在买卖过程中;more than = over。故填 over。
6. unless 根据第三段“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”可知人们扔掉蔬菜和水果,除非它们看起来好看且符合标准。故填 unless。
7. influences/effects 根据表格右侧的内容可知,此处介绍环境问题和自然灾害等因素对食物生产的不良影响。故填 influences/effects。
8. reduced 根据第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”可知一些自然区域被减少以用于种植粮食作物和饲养牲畜;此处是被动语态。故填 reduced。
9. century 根据第五段“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”可知自然灾害不再是过去所认为的“百年一遇”,而是更频繁地发生;a hundred years = a century。故填 century。
10. both 根据最后一段“It's not only the problem on customers' dinner table, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”可知食物浪费是需要消费者和政府共同解决的问题;both...and...表示“两者都”。故填 both。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于食物浪费的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（食物浪费的现状、不同国家的情况、对环境和灾害的影响及解决方向）；2. 分析表格结构，明确每个空格对应的段落和主题，定位原文相关句子；3. 结合空格前后的语法要求（如修饰动词用副词、被动语态、固定搭配等），从原文中查找或转换合适的词汇；4. 验证答案是否符合语境和语法规则。
【解析】
1. 对应第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges”，修饰动词lost需用副词，故填seriously；
2. 表格主题为不同国家食物浪费的情况，结合原文内容，此处填Situations/Facts；
3. 对应第二段“farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty”，可知农民贫穷，故填poor；
4. 对应第二段“They are also short of quick transportation”，修饰动词transported需用副词，故填quickly/fast；
5. 对应第三段“More than forty percent of food waste happens...”，more than等同于over，故填over；
6. 对应第三段“the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’...unless they look nice and meet standards”，此处表示“除非”，故填unless；
7. 表格主题为对食物生产的不良影响，结合原文内容，此处填influences/effects；
8. 对应第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas...”，此处为被动语态，故填reduced；
9. 对应第五段“once in a hundred years”，等同于once in a century，故填century；
10. 对应最后一段“by the governments”和customers，固定搭配both...and...表示“两者都”，故填both。
【答案】
1. seriously 2. Situations/Facts 3. poor 4. quickly/fast 5. over 6. unless 7. influences/effects 8. reduced 9. century 10. both
【知识点】
说明文阅读、细节理解、词汇运用
【点评】
本文围绕食物浪费这一全球问题展开，考查学生对文章细节的定位能力和词汇的灵活运用，需结合原文信息和语法知识作答，是典型的任务型阅读题目。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇关于食物浪费的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（食物浪费的现状、不同国家的情况、对环境和灾害的影响及解决方向）；2. 分析表格结构，明确每个空格对应的段落和主题，定位原文相关句子；3. 结合空格前后的语法要求（如修饰动词用副词、被动语态、固定搭配等），从原文中查找或转换合适的词汇；4. 验证答案是否符合语境和语法规则。
【解析】
1. 对应第一段“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges”，修饰动词lost需用副词，故填seriously；
2. 表格主题为不同国家食物浪费的情况，结合原文内容，此处填Situations/Facts；
3. 对应第二段“farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty”，可知农民贫穷，故填poor；
4. 对应第二段“They are also short of quick transportation”，修饰动词transported需用副词，故填quickly/fast；
5. 对应第三段“More than forty percent of food waste happens...”，more than等同于over，故填over；
6. 对应第三段“the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’...unless they look nice and meet standards”，此处表示“除非”，故填unless；
7. 表格主题为对食物生产的不良影响，结合原文内容，此处填influences/effects；
8. 对应第四段“A few countries are reducing natural areas...”，此处为被动语态，故填reduced；
9. 对应第五段“once in a hundred years”，等同于once in a century，故填century；
10. 对应最后一段“by the governments”和customers，固定搭配both...and...表示“两者都”，故填both。
【答案】
1. seriously 2. Situations/Facts 3. poor 4. quickly/fast 5. over 6. unless 7. influences/effects 8. reduced 9. century 10. both
【知识点】
说明文阅读、细节理解、词汇运用
【点评】
本文围绕食物浪费这一全球问题展开，考查学生对文章细节的定位能力和词汇的灵活运用，需结合原文信息和语法知识作答，是典型的任务型阅读题目。
【难度系数】
0.4
