四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。
| electric | wash | run | according to | damage |
Imagine one day the water taps in your house stop 1. You have to pay a lot of money for water from shops, and even 2 use has to be cut back to match the scarce water supply. And still there isn't enough water to everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water for 3 clothes. Could you stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that is what kids in Yemen are experiencing. 4 a report, Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, will run out of drinking water. This serious water shortage has caused a lot of 5 to people's daily lives.

| follow | because of | use | cost | sell |
6 the water shortage, the government of Yemen often cuts the water supply. Hannan, an 18-year-old girl said, “In a good week we'll have a water supply all the week. But then in the 7 week there will be water only for a day or two. ”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water 8. They can buy water from shops or water trucks. Private companies own the trucks, 9 water at very high prices that a lot of people can't afford.
The government is thinking of making use of sea water. However, it will 10 a lot and may not happen soon enough to help.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1. running 2. electricity 3. washing 4. According to 5. damage 6. Because of 7. following 8. to use 9. selling 10. cost

【分析】
做这类选词填空的题目，首先第一步要先通读整篇短文，明确文章主题是介绍也门的水资源短缺现状，先把所有备选词汇的词性、含义全部梳理清楚；接下来逐空分析句子的语法结构，判断空格处需要的词性，结合固定搭配、上下文语义从备选词里挑选合适的词，再按照语法规则变形，同时要注意所有词汇短语只能使用一次，做完后还要通读检查逻辑是否通顺，有没有遗漏的细节比如句首大写等。
【解析】
1. 第一空：句意为“想象有一天你家里的水龙头停止流水”，固定搭配stop doing sth表示停止正在进行的动作，动词run（流淌）要变为动名词形式，因此填running。
2. 第二空：句意为“你甚至不得不削减用电，来匹配稀缺的水供应”，给出的形容词electric需要转换为名词形式electricity，electricity use表示“用电”，符合语义，因此填electricity。
3. 第三空：句意为“你的妈妈不得不把全家的洗澡水存下来用来洗衣服”，介词for后面需要接动名词作宾语，动词wash要变为动名词形式，因此填washing。
4. 第四空：句意为“根据一份报告，也门首都萨那即将耗尽饮用水”，固定短语according to表示“根据”，放在句首首字母需要大写，因此填According to。
5. 第五空：句意为“严重的水资源短缺已经对人们的日常生活造成了很多损害”，固定搭配cause damage to表示“对……造成损害”，a lot of后接不可数名词damage，因此填damage。
6. 第六空：句意为“由于水资源短缺，也门政府经常切断供水”，空格后接名词短语the water shortage表原因，用短语because of，放在句首首字母大写，因此填Because of。
7. 第七空：句意为“但在接下来的一周，只会有一两天有水供应”，定冠词the后修饰名词week，需要形容词作定语，动词follow变为形容词following表示“接下来的”，the following week是常用固定表达，因此填following。
8. 第八空：句意为“Hannan说只有富人有足够的水可以使用”，固定结构have sth to do表示“有某物可以用来做某事”，用不定式作后置定语，因此填to use。
9. 第九空：句意为“私营公司拥有这些运水车，以很多人负担不起的高价售卖水”，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语trucks和sell是主动关系，sell变为现在分词形式，因此填selling。
10. 第十空：句意为“然而这会花费很多钱，可能没法足够快落地来提供帮助”，情态动词will后面接动词原形，cost表示“花费”符合语义，因此填cost。
【答案】
1. running 2. electricity 3. washing 4. According to 5. damage 6. Because of 7. following 8. to use 9. selling 10. cost
【知识点】
固定搭配辨析，非谓语动词变形，词性转换
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的选词填空题型，结合也门水资源短缺的现实主题，既考察学生对上下文语境的逻辑理解能力，又重点考察非谓语动词变形、词性转换、常用固定短语的掌握情况，需要学生注意句首单词大写、动词形式变化等细节，避免不必要的失分。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、阅读理解。
①All over the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
②When planning green buildings, architects(建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks(洗涤池) and toilets(马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recyclable materials can also be used for the buildings.
③Buildings around the world go green in different ways. An office building in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. The California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, the US, has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made with over one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
④More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
()1. What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Boil.
B. Save.
C. Clean.
D. Produce.
()2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Architects like natural light in the buildings.
B. Rainwater can be saved in a green building.
C. Plants are put on the floor of green buildings.
D. Green buildings are very popular in the West.
()3. What's the structure of the passage?

A.
B.
C.
D.

1. B 【点拨】根据上下文可知，画线单词在此处与 save 意思相近。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水。故选 B。
3. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，该篇文章是“总—分—总”的结构。故选 A。

【分析】
我们可以分三个小题依次梳理解题思路：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，首先定位画线词所在的第二段，这段核心在介绍绿色建筑的节水措施，前文已经提到为了节约水，绿色建筑会在屋顶收集雨水，后续提到的厨卫设施自然也是用来节水的，由此就能推断出画线词的含义。
2. 第二题是细节理解题，把每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文表述不符的干扰项，就能选出正确答案。
3. 第三题是篇章结构题，先逐段总结段落功能：第一段是总起介绍绿色建筑的定义，第二段讲绿色建筑的设计思路、第三段举全球各地绿色建筑的实例，这两段是并列的分述内容，最后一段总结绿色建筑的意义，整体是总-分-总结构，对应匹配选项的结构图即可。
【解析】
1. 定位到第二段，整段围绕绿色建筑的节水方法展开，前文明确提到“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater”，说明厨卫的洗涤池、马桶的作用也是节约水资源，因此conserve的含义和“save（节约）”一致，排除A煮沸、C清洁、D生产三个错误选项。
2. 逐一比对选项：
选项A：原文表述是建筑师设计建筑来利用自然光，并非“建筑师喜欢建筑里的自然光”，表述错误；
选项B：原文明确说明绿色建筑可以在屋顶收集雨水来实现节水，说明雨水可以在绿色建筑中被节约留存，表述正确；
选项C：原文提到美国加州科学院的植物是设置在屋顶的“活屋顶”上，并非放在建筑地板上，表述错误；
选项D：原文说明世界各地都有不同形式的绿色建筑，并没有提到绿色建筑在西方非常受欢迎，表述错误。
3. 梳理全文逻辑：
第①段总起，引出绿色建筑话题并解释其定义；第②段介绍绿色建筑规划时的各类环保设计思路，第③段列举全球不同绿色建筑的实际案例，两段为并列的分述部分；第④段总结，点明绿色建筑让世界变得更美好。整体是典型的“总-分-总”结构，对应选项A的菱形结构。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节理解，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题难度梯度设置合理，覆盖了初中英语阅读理解三类核心考点，学生解题时只要准确定位原文对应内容，结合上下文逻辑排除干扰项，梳理清楚段落间的逻辑从属关系，就可以顺利得到正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7