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训练1
体裁：说明文
主题：科普知识
难度：★★★★
Social phobia(社恐) has appeared and been discussed for many years. People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others.
The development of the internet makes the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people—the extroverted(外向的) and the introverted(内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone.
However, many people cannot find the differences between being introverted and social phobia. In fact, it's difficult for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better.
But social phobia is very different. It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental(精神的) illness and needs a special treatment. Even those who are extroverted can have social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes. But we should treat social phobia properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for our development. Just imagine that if a student refuses to answer teachers' questions because of social phobia, he will not improve his grades and learn some useful things in the long term.
1. How do people with social phobia feel when talking with others?
2. How do introverted people solve problems according to Paragraph 3?
3. Why can't social phobia be easily changed?
4. Why do some people say they have social phobia sometimes?
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
体裁：说明文
主题：科普知识
难度：★★★★
Social phobia(社恐) has appeared and been discussed for many years. People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others.
The development of the internet makes the MBTI test very popular. Many people take this test to see what they are like. According to the test, there are mainly two kinds of people—the extroverted(外向的) and the introverted(内向的). Extroverted people enjoy making friends with others, while those who are introverted like to be alone.
However, many people cannot find the differences between being introverted and social phobia. In fact, it's difficult for introverted people to become extroverted. Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better.
But social phobia is very different. It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental(精神的) illness and needs a special treatment. Even those who are extroverted can have social phobia. Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes. But we should treat social phobia properly. Sometimes social phobia is not good for our development. Just imagine that if a student refuses to answer teachers' questions because of social phobia, he will not improve his grades and learn some useful things in the long term.
1. How do people with social phobia feel when talking with others?
They feel unhappy and uncomfortable.
2. How do introverted people solve problems according to Paragraph 3?
By staying alone to think more carefully.
3. Why can't social phobia be easily changed?
Because it is a kind of mental illness and needs special treatment.
4. Why do some people say they have social phobia sometimes?
To get their own space sometimes.
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
The differences between introversion and social phobia.
答案
训练1【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交恐惧症和内向的区别。
1. They feel unhappy and uncomfortable. 根据第一段“People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others.”可知社恐在与人交谈时总感到不开心和不自在。
2. By staying alone to think more carefully. 根据第三段“They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better.”可知内向的人喜欢独处以便更仔细地思考,从而更好地解决问题。
3. Because it is a kind of mental illness and needs special treatment. 根据最后一段“It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental illness and needs a special treatment.”可知社恐难以改变,因为它是一种精神疾病且需要特殊治疗。
4. To get their own space sometimes. 根据最后一段“Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes.”可知有些人声称社恐是为了偶尔获得个人空间。
5. The differences between introversion and social phobia. 结合文章内容可知,本文通过对比内向和社恐的特征,重点介绍了两者的区别。
1. They feel unhappy and uncomfortable. 根据第一段“People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others.”可知社恐在与人交谈时总感到不开心和不自在。
2. By staying alone to think more carefully. 根据第三段“They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better.”可知内向的人喜欢独处以便更仔细地思考,从而更好地解决问题。
3. Because it is a kind of mental illness and needs special treatment. 根据最后一段“It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental illness and needs a special treatment.”可知社恐难以改变,因为它是一种精神疾病且需要特殊治疗。
4. To get their own space sometimes. 根据最后一段“Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes.”可知有些人声称社恐是为了偶尔获得个人空间。
5. The differences between introversion and social phobia. 结合文章内容可知,本文通过对比内向和社恐的特征,重点介绍了两者的区别。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的阅读简答题，解题时可以按照“先圈题干关键词，再回原文定位，最后匹配提取信息”的思路推进：首先逐个浏览5个题干，标记每个问题的核心定位词：第1题抓关键词social phobia、feel、talking with others，直接回到文章第一段找对应描述；第2题抓introverted people、solve problems，定位到第三段；第3题抓social phobia、can't be easily changed，定位到最后一段；第4题抓some people say they have social phobia，同样定位最后一段；第5题是主旨题，需要梳理全文行文逻辑，文章先引入社恐概念，再介绍内向外向的分类，点出很多人分不清内向和社恐，后续分别阐述二者的差异，最终提炼核心主旨。所有细节题都可以直接从原文找到对应原句提取信息，不需要额外过度推导，保证答案和原文信息一致即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句"People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others."，直接提取社恐人群和他人交谈时的感受即可。
2. 定位原文第三段"Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better."，可知内向的人是通过独处、更仔细地思考的方式来更好地解决问题，提取对应的方式表述即可。
3. 定位原文第四段第二句"It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental(精神的) illness and needs a special treatment."，直接提取社恐难以改变的原因即可。
4. 定位原文第四段"Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes."，提取部分人声称自己有社恐的目的即可。
5. 梳理全文脉络：文章开篇介绍社恐的表现，随后引入MBTI测试对内向、外向人群的划分，点出很多人无法区分内向和社恐的差异，后续分别阐述二者的不同特征，因此全文核心是介绍内向和社交恐惧症的区别。
【答案】
1. They feel unhappy and uncomfortable.
2. By staying alone to think more carefully.
3. Because it is a kind of mental illness and needs special treatment.
4. To get their own space sometimes.
5. The differences between introversion and social phobia.
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题整体以细节考查为主，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文定位获取，难度适中，既考查学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，也通过最后一道主旨题引导学生梳理全文逻辑，区分两个易混淆的概念内向和社交恐惧症，提醒学生做阅读简答题时优先使用原文原句信息作答，避免自行改写出现表述偏差，保证答题准确率。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇说明文类的阅读简答题，解题时可以按照“先圈题干关键词，再回原文定位，最后匹配提取信息”的思路推进：首先逐个浏览5个题干，标记每个问题的核心定位词：第1题抓关键词social phobia、feel、talking with others，直接回到文章第一段找对应描述；第2题抓introverted people、solve problems，定位到第三段；第3题抓social phobia、can't be easily changed，定位到最后一段；第4题抓some people say they have social phobia，同样定位最后一段；第5题是主旨题，需要梳理全文行文逻辑，文章先引入社恐概念，再介绍内向外向的分类，点出很多人分不清内向和社恐，后续分别阐述二者的差异，最终提炼核心主旨。所有细节题都可以直接从原文找到对应原句提取信息，不需要额外过度推导，保证答案和原文信息一致即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句"People with social phobia always feel unhappy and uncomfortable when talking with others."，直接提取社恐人群和他人交谈时的感受即可。
2. 定位原文第三段"Introverted people are not afraid of talking with others. They just like to stay alone to think more carefully. In this way, they can solve problems better."，可知内向的人是通过独处、更仔细地思考的方式来更好地解决问题，提取对应的方式表述即可。
3. 定位原文第四段第二句"It is hard to change because it is a kind of mental(精神的) illness and needs a special treatment."，直接提取社恐难以改变的原因即可。
4. 定位原文第四段"Some people say they have social phobia in order to get their own space sometimes."，提取部分人声称自己有社恐的目的即可。
5. 梳理全文脉络：文章开篇介绍社恐的表现，随后引入MBTI测试对内向、外向人群的划分，点出很多人无法区分内向和社恐的差异，后续分别阐述二者的不同特征，因此全文核心是介绍内向和社交恐惧症的区别。
【答案】
1. They feel unhappy and uncomfortable.
2. By staying alone to think more carefully.
3. Because it is a kind of mental illness and needs special treatment.
4. To get their own space sometimes.
5. The differences between introversion and social phobia.
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题整体以细节考查为主，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文定位获取，难度适中，既考查学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，也通过最后一道主旨题引导学生梳理全文逻辑，区分两个易混淆的概念内向和社交恐惧症，提醒学生做阅读简答题时优先使用原文原句信息作答，避免自行改写出现表述偏差，保证答题准确率。
【难度系数】
0.6
训练2
体裁：说明文
主题：社区
难度：★★★★
新素材·3D打印社区
In Kibaha, near the former capital Dar es Salaam, architects built a new village called Hope Village with “earth printing”. The project was finished in February, 2025.
Helped by charity(慈善机构) One Heart, Hope Village is designed by Hassell and Clarke Hopkins Clarke (CHC) to help children from across the country who have unsafe home environments.
The village has offered schooling for up to 480 children, as well as childcare and skills training for girls between 3—18 years old. In the centre of Hope Village is its landmark building—a community centre. It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week and open to the public for events at weekends.
The walls are 3D-printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled(回收利用). “We wanted to make sure that we're able to build walls that could circulate air in the building, but also bring in light at the same time, and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ wall design,” said Mark, the lead designer from CHC.
The project is not just to use design to help local people improve their daily life but to bring hope and education in Kibaha and leave it there.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过8个词。
1. When was Hope Village finished?
2. Who helped with the building of Hope Village?
3. What is Hope Village used as during the week?
4. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
5. How do you like “Hope Village”?
体裁：说明文
主题：社区
难度：★★★★
新素材·3D打印社区
In Kibaha, near the former capital Dar es Salaam, architects built a new village called Hope Village with “earth printing”. The project was finished in February, 2025.
Helped by charity(慈善机构) One Heart, Hope Village is designed by Hassell and Clarke Hopkins Clarke (CHC) to help children from across the country who have unsafe home environments.
The village has offered schooling for up to 480 children, as well as childcare and skills training for girls between 3—18 years old. In the centre of Hope Village is its landmark building—a community centre. It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week and open to the public for events at weekends.
The walls are 3D-printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled(回收利用). “We wanted to make sure that we're able to build walls that could circulate air in the building, but also bring in light at the same time, and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’ wall design,” said Mark, the lead designer from CHC.
The project is not just to use design to help local people improve their daily life but to bring hope and education in Kibaha and leave it there.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过8个词。
1. When was Hope Village finished?
In February, 2025.
2. Who helped with the building of Hope Village?
Charity One Heart.
3. What is Hope Village used as during the week?
A school hall and dining hall.
4. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
Why the walls are 3D-printed with earth.
5. How do you like “Hope Village”?
It's a sustainable and hopeful community project.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
答案
训练2【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于坦桑尼亚基巴哈的希望村项目。
1. In February, 2025. 根据第一段“The project was finished in February, 2025.”可知该项目在2025年2月完工。
2. Charity One Heart. 根据第二段“Helped by charity One Heart”可知希望村建设得到了慈善组织“同心”的帮助。
3. A school hall and dining hall. 根据第三段“It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week”可知希望村在工作日期间被用作学校礼堂和餐厅。
4. Why the walls are 3D-printed with earth. 根据第四段“The walls are 3D-printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled.”可知本段介绍了用泥土3D打印墙的原因。
5. It's a sustainable and hopeful community project.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
1. In February, 2025. 根据第一段“The project was finished in February, 2025.”可知该项目在2025年2月完工。
2. Charity One Heart. 根据第二段“Helped by charity One Heart”可知希望村建设得到了慈善组织“同心”的帮助。
3. A school hall and dining hall. 根据第三段“It is a 3D-printed design, and it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week”可知希望村在工作日期间被用作学校礼堂和餐厅。
4. Why the walls are 3D-printed with earth. 根据第四段“The walls are 3D-printed with earth so they can be 100% recycled.”可知本段介绍了用泥土3D打印墙的原因。
5. It's a sustainable and hopeful community project.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】
这是限定答案字数的说明文阅读简答题，解题时先抓取每道题的题干核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文精准定位对应语句，提取符合题意的核心信息，同时严格控制答案词数不超过8个：第1题抓疑问词When，定位第一段找完工时间；第2题抓疑问词Who，定位第二段找提供帮助的主体；第3题抓疑问词What和during the week，定位第三段找工作日的用途；第4题梳理第四段逻辑归纳段落主旨；第5题为开放题，结合全文主题给出正向合理的评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段末尾句"The project was finished in February, 2025."，直接提取对应时间信息，符合字数要求。
2. 定位原文第二段开头句"Helped by charity(慈善机构) One Heart"，提取提供帮助的主体，精简后符合字数要求。
3. 定位原文第三段末尾句"it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week"，提取对应用途信息，符合字数要求。
4. 通读第四段可知，段落核心介绍了墙体用泥土做3D打印的原因，提炼核心内容控制在8词以内即可。
5. 开放题结合项目公益、可持续的特点，给出正向合理评价即可，无固定标准答案。
【答案】
1. In February, 2025.
2. Charity One Heart.
3. A school hall and dining hall.
4. Why the walls are 3D-printed with earth.
5. It's a sustainable and hopeful community project.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
【知识点】
1. 细节信息定位
2. 段落主旨归纳
3. 阅读简答规范
【点评】
本题选取3D打印公益社区的热点新素材，贴合科技与公益结合的时代背景，既考察学生快速抓取文本细节的阅读能力，也兼顾主旨概括和开放性表达的考察，设置的答案字数限制要求学生提炼核心信息，避免冗余表述，同时引导学生关注可持续建筑和公益帮扶相关的社会内容。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是限定答案字数的说明文阅读简答题，解题时先抓取每道题的题干核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文精准定位对应语句，提取符合题意的核心信息，同时严格控制答案词数不超过8个：第1题抓疑问词When，定位第一段找完工时间；第2题抓疑问词Who，定位第二段找提供帮助的主体；第3题抓疑问词What和during the week，定位第三段找工作日的用途；第4题梳理第四段逻辑归纳段落主旨；第5题为开放题，结合全文主题给出正向合理的评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段末尾句"The project was finished in February, 2025."，直接提取对应时间信息，符合字数要求。
2. 定位原文第二段开头句"Helped by charity(慈善机构) One Heart"，提取提供帮助的主体，精简后符合字数要求。
3. 定位原文第三段末尾句"it is used as a school hall and dining hall during the week"，提取对应用途信息，符合字数要求。
4. 通读第四段可知，段落核心介绍了墙体用泥土做3D打印的原因，提炼核心内容控制在8词以内即可。
5. 开放题结合项目公益、可持续的特点，给出正向合理评价即可，无固定标准答案。
【答案】
1. In February, 2025.
2. Charity One Heart.
3. A school hall and dining hall.
4. Why the walls are 3D-printed with earth.
5. It's a sustainable and hopeful community project.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
【知识点】
1. 细节信息定位
2. 段落主旨归纳
3. 阅读简答规范
【点评】
本题选取3D打印公益社区的热点新素材，贴合科技与公益结合的时代背景，既考察学生快速抓取文本细节的阅读能力，也兼顾主旨概括和开放性表达的考察，设置的答案字数限制要求学生提炼核心信息，避免冗余表述，同时引导学生关注可持续建筑和公益帮扶相关的社会内容。
【难度系数】
0.4
