重点短语识记
1. 拜访……
2. 叫醒某人
3. 尽可能安静
4. 围成一个圈坐着
5. 给小费
6. 类似于
7. 匆匆离开
8. 确保
9. 通过握手互相问候
10. 马上要离开

1. pay a visit to...
2. wake sb. up
3. as quiet as possible / as quietly as possible
4. sit in a circle
5. leave a tip
6. be similar to
7. hurry away
8. make sure
9. greet each other by shaking hands
10. be about to leave

本题为译林版英语八年级下册的重点短语识记题，需掌握课本中对应的固定英文短语搭配，注意部分短语的正确形式与用法。

一、短文填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空
Communication matters a lot in our daily life and helps us get along well with others.
When (1)(talk) to someone, always speak (2)(quiet). Shouting can make others feel really bad, so keep your voice gentle. Wait patiently (3) they finish their words. Don't cut in (4) there's an emergency, like a dangerous situation.
Good body language is also key. When listening, sit straight and look at the speaker. It's polite (5)(show) you care. Never cross your arms, as if you're shutting others out, or keep your eyes (6)(close)—both look super rude.
If you're about (7)(give) a compliment, be sincere. If the food tastes great, say "It's so (8)(taste)!". Try to understand others' ideas first before (9)(give) your own. And don't forget simple magic words: "please" when asking for help and "thank you" after getting help. Follow these little tips, and they (10)(make) our conversations smooth and help us build strong, nice friendships.

(1) talking (2) quietly (3) until/till (4) unless (5) to show (6) closed (7) to give (8) tasty (9) giving (10) will make

1. 第(1)空：when引导时间状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，可省略主语和be动词，此处省略you are，故填talking。
2. 第(2)空：修饰动词speak需用副词，quiet的副词形式为quietly。
3. 第(3)空：根据语境“耐心等待直到他人说完话”，用until/till表示“直到”。
4. 第(4)空：结合句意“不要插嘴除非有紧急情况”，unless（除非）符合语境。
5. 第(5)空：考查固定句型It's + adj. + to do sth.，表示“做某事是……的”，故填to show。
6. 第(6)空：keep sth. + adj.表“使某物保持某种状态”，closed为形容词，意为“闭着的”。
7. 第(7)空：固定搭配be about to do sth.，意为“即将做某事”，故填to give。
8. 第(8)空：so后接形容词作表语，taste的形容词形式是tasty，意为“美味的”。
9. 第(9)空：before是介词，后接动词的动名词形式，故填giving。
10. 第(10)空：“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构中，陈述句用一般将来时，故填will make。

二、阅读短文，将短文中的汉语翻译成英语
Table manners are really important in China. They help make meals enjoyable for both guests and hosts. Now, (1)(我将分享一些实用建议). I hope that you will find it useful. When you sit at the table, (2)(在所有人都准备好之前不要始用餐). It's a way to show respect for others. Do not talk with food in your mouth while eating. Instead, eat quietly with your mouth closed. (3)(当你准备离开时), remember to say "thank you" to the host. (4)(这样做是有礼貌的), and this will show your gratitude. Also, (5)(除非所有人都吃完否则不要离席). Try to say how tasty the food is. For example, you can say, "This dish is so delicious!" (6)(这能让主人知道你很享受这顿饭). Following these table manners can make sure that both guests and hosts feel comfortable. Let's all keep these tips in mind for nice dining experiences!

(1) I will share some practical tips
(2) Don't start eating until everyone is ready
(3) When you are ready to leave
(4) It is polite to do this
(5) Don't leave the table unless everyone has finished eating
(6) This can let the host know that you enjoyed the meal

本题考查汉译英，需结合八年级下册所学的核心句型与词汇完成翻译，具体要点如下：
1. 第(1)题用一般将来时“will+动词原形”结构，“实用建议”译为practical tips/advice；
2. 第(2)题运用“not...until...”（直到……才……）句型，“开始用餐”译为start eating；
3. 第(3)题用“be ready to do sth.”（准备好做某事）结构引导时间状语从句；
4. 第(4)题使用“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”的固定句型，“这样做”译为do this/do so；
5. 第(5)题用“unless”（除非）引导条件状语从句，“吃完”用现在完成时has finished eating体现动作的完成；
6. 第(6)题用“let sb. know that...”宾语从句结构，“享受这顿饭”译为enjoy the meal。

三、阅读短文，回答问题(答案不超过8个词)
Do you put up your hand when you want to speak in class? If so, you have followed a rule. Rules can be as simple as putting up your hand. They can also be as complicated as knowing when you are "out" in a game.
Rules can be made by anyone. Parents make rules to help children grow up healthily. Rules at home might include washing dishes or cleaning rooms. Teachers make rules to help students learn and stay safe. Putting up your hand before asking a question helps the class pay attention to the lesson. Students make rules in games to make sure that they can play without fighting. Rules can be changed often. If you change your minds, you can change the rules.
Laws are rules too, but they are made differently. Laws are made by elected representatives. Voters allow their representatives to make laws that can protect people's rights, safety and make sure everyone can be treated fairly. Laws cannot be changed often, so representatives consider laws carefully before making new ones.
The biggest difference between rules and laws is the punishment for breaking them. If you break a rule, your punishment might be small, like losing a turn in a game. However, if a person breaks an important law, the punishment might be a fine or time in prison.
Rules and laws keep everyone safe. People can work and live together in peace by following rules and laws.
1. Who can make rules according to the text?

2. What do parents make rules for?

3. How are laws made differently from common rules?

4. What's the punishment for breaking the rule usually like?

5. How do you think rules in a family help create a harmonious home environment? (At least 20 words.)

1. Anyone.
2. To help children grow up healthily.
3. Made by elected representatives.
4. It might be small (e.g. losing a turn).
5. Family rules let members share duties, avoid quarrels, and live peacefully, building a harmonious home.

1. 定位到第二段首句“Rules can be made by anyone.”，可直接得出答案。
2. 根据第二段第二句“Parents make rules to help children grow up healthily.”，提取父母制定规则的目的。
3. 由第三段内容可知，法律与普通规则制定方式的不同在于法律是由当选代表制定的，定位句为“Laws are made by elected representatives.”。
4. 定位到第四段第二句“If you break a rule, your punishment might be small, like losing a turn in a game.”，可知违反规则的惩罚通常较轻。
5. 结合家庭规则的实际作用，如让家庭成员分担责任、减少矛盾、共同维护家庭秩序等，组织符合字数要求的语句说明其对和谐家庭环境的帮助。