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四、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
Last Friday, a storm swept through two villages, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller injury. Altogether(总共) over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.
"I was eating with my wife and children," he said, "when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened."
Mrs. Mei said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.
"There was no time to take anything," she said. "A few minutes later, the roof came down."
Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department(福利部门) brought them food, clothes and shelter.
(
A. Fourteen. B. Twenty-one. C. Twenty-nine. D. Thirty-six.
(
A. He was in bed. B. He was inside the house.
C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof.
(
A. Something to eat. B. Something to wear.
C. Somewhere to study. D. Somewhere to stay.
(
A. A terrible storm B. A lucky woman C. Good soldiers D. Clever people
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
Last Friday, a storm swept through two villages, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller injury. Altogether(总共) over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.
"I was eating with my wife and children," he said, "when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened."
Mrs. Mei said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.
"There was no time to take anything," she said. "A few minutes later, the roof came down."
Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department(福利部门) brought them food, clothes and shelter.
(
D
)1. How many homes altogether were damaged in the storm?A. Fourteen. B. Twenty-one. C. Twenty-nine. D. Thirty-six.
(
B
)2. Where was Mr. Tan when the storm first began?A. He was in bed. B. He was inside the house.
C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof.
(
D
)3. What does the underlined word "shelter" in this passage mean?A. Something to eat. B. Something to wear.
C. Somewhere to study. D. Somewhere to stay.
(
A
)4. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?A. A terrible storm B. A lucky woman C. Good soldiers D. Clever people
答案
1~4. DBDA
解析
【分析】
做此类阅读理解题，需先明确题目类型（细节查找、词义猜测、主旨归纳等），再带着问题回原文定位对应信息：1题是细节数字计算，需找所有受损房屋的数量；2题是细节定位人物位置，找对应人物的表述；3题是词义猜测，结合上下文并列内容推断；4题是主旨大意，需梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节数字题：定位原文第一段，摧毁的房屋14所，严重损坏需撤离的7所，门窗损坏的15所，总和为14+7+15=36，对应选项D。
2. 细节定位题：定位Mr. Tan的表述“I was eating with my wife and children”，说明他当时在屋内，对应选项B。
3. 词义猜测题：福利部门提供food（食物）、clothes（衣物），shelter应是与生存相关的另一类物资，即停留的地方，对应选项D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕一场袭击村庄的可怕风暴展开，讲述风暴造成的影响及救援情况，核心是风暴本身，对应选项A。
【答案】
DBDA
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文为灾害主题的记叙文，题目涵盖细节查找、词义猜测、主旨归纳三类基础题型，难度适中，需学生精准定位原文信息，结合语境推断词义，把握文章核心事件。
【难度系数】
0.6
做此类阅读理解题，需先明确题目类型（细节查找、词义猜测、主旨归纳等），再带着问题回原文定位对应信息：1题是细节数字计算，需找所有受损房屋的数量；2题是细节定位人物位置，找对应人物的表述；3题是词义猜测，结合上下文并列内容推断；4题是主旨大意，需梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节数字题：定位原文第一段，摧毁的房屋14所，严重损坏需撤离的7所，门窗损坏的15所，总和为14+7+15=36，对应选项D。
2. 细节定位题：定位Mr. Tan的表述“I was eating with my wife and children”，说明他当时在屋内，对应选项B。
3. 词义猜测题：福利部门提供food（食物）、clothes（衣物），shelter应是与生存相关的另一类物资，即停留的地方，对应选项D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕一场袭击村庄的可怕风暴展开，讲述风暴造成的影响及救援情况，核心是风暴本身，对应选项A。
【答案】
DBDA
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文为灾害主题的记叙文，题目涵盖细节查找、词义猜测、主旨归纳三类基础题型，难度适中，需学生精准定位原文信息，结合语境推断词义，把握文章核心事件。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:防范措施 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates（蒸发）into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has three parts—the eye, the eye wall and the spiral rain bands. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The eye wall is where the strongest winds and hardest rain are.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed many people in the Philippines. More people were injured（受伤）and some others were missing. What should we do when a typhoon hits?
• Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
• Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
• Listen to the radio or check the Internet for important information.
• If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right away.
1. When does a typhoon mostly happen?
2. Which part of a typhoon are the strongest winds and hardest rain in?
3. What does Haiyan refer to in this passage?
4. Why should we bring all of our things inside when a typhoon hits?
5. When a typhoon hits, how can we protect ourselves if we happen to be outside?
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:防范措施 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates（蒸发）into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has three parts—the eye, the eye wall and the spiral rain bands. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The eye wall is where the strongest winds and hardest rain are.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed many people in the Philippines. More people were injured（受伤）and some others were missing. What should we do when a typhoon hits?
• Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
• Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
• Listen to the radio or check the Internet for important information.
• If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right away.
1. When does a typhoon mostly happen?
In July, August and September.
2. Which part of a typhoon are the strongest winds and hardest rain in?
The eye wall.
3. What does Haiyan refer to in this passage?
A typhoon.
4. Why should we bring all of our things inside when a typhoon hits?
Because strong winds could blow away the things.
5. When a typhoon hits, how can we protect ourselves if we happen to be outside?
We can stay away from advertising boards/find a safe place to hide.（答案不唯一）
答案
1. In July, August and September. 2. The eye wall. 3. A typhoon. 4. Because strong winds could blow away the things. 5. We can stay away from advertising boards/find a safe place to hide.（答案不唯一）
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解细节类题目，解题思路为：先快速浏览短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的核心关键词，在原文中精准定位对应语句，提取匹配的信息作答；第5题需结合文本安全原则与生活常识，合理推导室外应对方式，答案不唯一。
【解析】
1. 关键词“happen”定位到原文第一段最后一句“Most happen in July, August and September.”，直接提取答案；
2. 关键词“strongest winds and hardest rain”定位到原文第三段最后一句“The eye wall is where the strongest winds and hardest rain are.”，提取答案；
3. 关键词“Haiyan”定位到原文第四段“In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed many people in the Philippines.”，可知其指代台风；
4. 关键词“bring all of your things inside”定位到原文台风应对措施第二条，结合“Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!”提取原因；
5. 结合台风安全防范常识，在室外可采取合理的自我保护方式，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. In July, August and September. 2. The eye wall. 3. A typhoon. 4. Because strong winds could blow away the things. 5. We can stay away from advertising boards/find a safe place to hide.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题设题，考查学生从说明文中提取关键信息的能力，题目难度适中，符合对应学段的阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语阅读理解细节类题目，解题思路为：先快速浏览短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的核心关键词，在原文中精准定位对应语句，提取匹配的信息作答；第5题需结合文本安全原则与生活常识，合理推导室外应对方式，答案不唯一。
【解析】
1. 关键词“happen”定位到原文第一段最后一句“Most happen in July, August and September.”，直接提取答案；
2. 关键词“strongest winds and hardest rain”定位到原文第三段最后一句“The eye wall is where the strongest winds and hardest rain are.”，提取答案；
3. 关键词“Haiyan”定位到原文第四段“In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed many people in the Philippines.”，可知其指代台风；
4. 关键词“bring all of your things inside”定位到原文台风应对措施第二条，结合“Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!”提取原因；
5. 结合台风安全防范常识，在室外可采取合理的自我保护方式，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. In July, August and September. 2. The eye wall. 3. A typhoon. 4. Because strong winds could blow away the things. 5. We can stay away from advertising boards/find a safe place to hide.（答案不唯一）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题设题，考查学生从说明文中提取关键信息的能力，题目难度适中，符合对应学段的阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
