Ⅵ. Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words given in the box.
brave, explore, something, better, through, be full of
The famous scientist Charles Darwin had a great adventure on a ship called the
Beagle. He decided to 29. many distant islands. He walked
30. into deep, dark forests and climbed high mountains. His journey
took him 31. many different environments. He saw lands that
32. life, with strange birds and giant tortoises. This long trip helped
him learn how animals slowly change over a very long time. His ideas helped us
understand the natural world much 33. . We should all go outside and
learn about nature around us. You might find 34. wonderful right in
your own backyard.

29. explore 30. bravely 31. through 32. were full of 33. better 34. something

【分析】
这是语篇型选词适当形式填空题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章讲述达尔文探险经历的整体叙事背景，确定全文基本为过去时态。先梳理所有备选词的词义和词性，再逐个分析每个空格所在句子的语义、句子成分，结合语法规则、固定搭配选出匹配词汇，按需调整词的正确形式：29空前是decide to结构，需接动词原形，匹配“探索岛屿”的语义；30空修饰动词walked，要把形容词brave转为副词形式；31空对应“穿行不同环境”的语义，匹配介词through；32空先行词是复数的lands，结合过去时态调整be full of的正确形式；33空空前有much，much常修饰比较级，匹配给出的better；34空是肯定句语境，表达“很棒的某样事物”，匹配不定代词something。
【解析】
29. 空前是固定结构decide to do sth（决定做某事），需要填入动词原形，结合后文“许多遥远的岛屿”的语义，选择含义为“探索”的explore，故填explore。
30. 空格处修饰谓语动词walked，需要将形容词brave变为副词bravely（勇敢地），表示“勇敢地走入幽深黑暗的森林”，故填bravely。
31. 此处表达“他的旅程带他穿行许多不同的环境”，固定搭配take sb through...表示“带领某人穿行/经历……”，填入介词through，故填through。
32. 先行词lands是复数，全文叙事为一般过去时，短语be full of（充满）中的be动词要对应过去式复数were，即were full of，表示“充满生命的土地”，故填were full of。
33. 空格前的副词much常用来修饰形容词/副词的比较级，结合语义“帮助我们更好地理解自然世界”，给出的better就是well的比较级，符合要求，故填better。
34. 本句为肯定句，语义为“你可能就在自家后院发现很棒的事物”，用不定代词something表示“某事物”，符合形容词修饰不定代词后置的结构，故填something。
【答案】
29. explore 30. bravely 31. through 32. were full of 33. better 34. something
【知识点】
动词固定搭配，词性转换，比较级用法
【点评】
本题以达尔文探险的科普小故事为语境，综合考察初中英语基础语法的应用，既覆盖了decide to do、much修饰比较级这类固定规则，也考察了副词修饰动词、过去时态主谓一致、不定代词用法等基础知识点，难度适中，学生只要理清每个空格的句子成分，结合上下文语义就能顺利得出答案。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅶ. Complete the passage with proper words or the proper forms of the words given.
Charles Darwin was one of the most important scientists in history. He enjoyed
35. (study) nature from a young age. His most famous journey was on
the ship HMS Beagle 36. he was just 22 years old. For five years, he
travelled around the world observing plants, animals, and fossils.
Darwin was especially amazed by the Galapagos Islands. There, he noticed
37. finches had different beak shapes on different islands. This
observation helped him develop his theory of evolution by 38. (nature)
selection. He realised that animals 39. (slow) change over generations to
better survive in their environments.
After 20 years of careful study, Darwin published his famous book On the Origin
of Species 40. 1859. Many people were shocked by his ideas at first,
41. scientists now accept them as fundamental to biology.
What made Darwin special was his curiosity and 42. (patient). He
spent years studying small details before reaching conclusions. His work showed us
the 43. (important) of careful observation and brave thinking. Darwin
proved that exploring nature with an open mind can lead to 44.
(discovery) that change how we see life itself.

35. studying 36. when 37. that 38. natural 39. slowly 40. in 41. but 42. patience 43. importance 44. discoveries

【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类的语法填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章介绍达尔文的生平与成就的核心主题，再将题目分为两类处理：第一类是给出提示词的空，需要结合固定搭配、句子成分判断所需的正确词性/形式；第二类是无提示词的空，需要结合上下文逻辑、从句类型、介词使用规则判断对应的虚词。逐个推导时先分析空格前后的成分关系，再匹配对应的语法规则就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
35. 考查固定搭配：enjoy doing sth. 是固定用法，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此动词study要变为动名词形式studying。
36. 考查时间状语从句引导词：空格后从句含义为“他年仅22岁”，是用来描述主句事件发生的时间，用引导词when表示“当……的时候”。
37. 考查宾语从句引导词：动词noticed后接宾语从句，从句语义完整、不缺少任何句子成分，用引导词that即可。
38. 考查词性转换：空格后是名词selection，需要用形容词修饰名词，名词nature的形容词形式为natural，natural selection是固定生物学术语“自然选择”。
39. 考查词性转换：空格后是动词change，需要用副词修饰动词，形容词slow的副词形式为slowly。
40. 考查介词用法：表示“在某一年份”时，要搭配介词in，in 1859意为“在1859年”。
41. 考查连词用法：前半句含义是“起初很多人对他的观点感到震惊”，后半句含义是“如今科学家认为这些观点是生物学的基础”，前后是转折逻辑关系，填转折连词but。
42. 考查词性转换：并列连词and连接两个并列成分，和名词curiosity（好奇心）对应，形容词patient要变为名词形式patience，意为“耐心”。
43. 考查词性转换：定冠词the后需要接名词，形容词important的名词形式为importance，the importance of是固定搭配，意为“……的重要性”。
44. 考查名词复数：空格后定语从句的谓语动词是原形change，说明先行词是可数名词复数，discovery的复数形式为discoveries。
【答案】
35. studying 36. when 37. that 38. natural 39. slowly 40. in 41. but 42. patience 43. importance 44. discoveries
【知识点】
固定搭配，词性转换，虚词用法
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的语法填空题型，考点覆盖非谓语动词、从句引导词、介词连词辨析、词性转换等核心基础语法，结合达尔文的科普背景出题，既考察学生对基础语法规则的熟练掌握程度，也引导学生学会通过分析句子成分判断空格所需的词性，整体考点贴合日常学习重点。
【难度系数】
0.6