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五、阅读理解。
Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed so that no matter where you stand, you can never see the whole thing at once. The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.
Put simply, the aim of a classical Chinese garden is to deepen one's admiration for nature. Besides just relaxing in nature, the classical Chinese gardens have another purpose—to inspire artistic expression like poetry, literature or painting. Nearly all Chinese gardens feature the things in the list below.
Water
Water is a necessary thing that no Chinese garden can go without. The water in a garden typically symbolizes a lake or even the ocean. Water can even symbolize communication, movement and dreams.
Rocks
Large rocks typically symbolize mountains. Many of the rocks in Suzhou gardens come from the Taihu Lake, having been shaped by the flow of water over thousands of years. Smaller rocks are often on show in the fancy halls at a garden's entrance. This shows the appreciation the garden owners had of these rocks.
Gates & Windows
Gates of different shapes divide different parts of a garden. The most common type of the gate, the moon gate, is simply a circle. Windows are placed throughout the garden to allow the passage of light. You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.
Pavilions(亭)
In Chinese gardens, pavilions are usually placed in some of the best viewing places. Sometimes a pavilion is placed where one can see the reflection(倒影) of the moon at night, or in the best place to listen to the sound of rain on the leaves above. In the past, pavilions were also used as places for garden owners to reflect, paint and write poems.
(
A. Plants.
B. Paintings.
C. Classical gardens.
D. The mystery and the discovery.
(
A. Look.
B. Visit.
C. Guess.
D. Feeling.
(
A. Nature Speaks for Itself.
B. Chinese Gardens and Western Gardens.
C. Getting Lost in Classical Chinese Gardens.
D. Finding Ways to Modern Arts and Buildings.
Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed so that no matter where you stand, you can never see the whole thing at once. The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.
Put simply, the aim of a classical Chinese garden is to deepen one's admiration for nature. Besides just relaxing in nature, the classical Chinese gardens have another purpose—to inspire artistic expression like poetry, literature or painting. Nearly all Chinese gardens feature the things in the list below.
Water
Water is a necessary thing that no Chinese garden can go without. The water in a garden typically symbolizes a lake or even the ocean. Water can even symbolize communication, movement and dreams.
Rocks
Large rocks typically symbolize mountains. Many of the rocks in Suzhou gardens come from the Taihu Lake, having been shaped by the flow of water over thousands of years. Smaller rocks are often on show in the fancy halls at a garden's entrance. This shows the appreciation the garden owners had of these rocks.
Gates & Windows
Gates of different shapes divide different parts of a garden. The most common type of the gate, the moon gate, is simply a circle. Windows are placed throughout the garden to allow the passage of light. You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.
Pavilions(亭)
In Chinese gardens, pavilions are usually placed in some of the best viewing places. Sometimes a pavilion is placed where one can see the reflection(倒影) of the moon at night, or in the best place to listen to the sound of rain on the leaves above. In the past, pavilions were also used as places for garden owners to reflect, paint and write poems.
(
C
)1. What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Plants.
B. Paintings.
C. Classical gardens.
D. The mystery and the discovery.
(
A
)2. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “glimpse”?A. Look.
B. Visit.
C. Guess.
D. Feeling.
(
C
)3. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Nature Speaks for Itself.
B. Chinese Gardens and Western Gardens.
C. Getting Lost in Classical Chinese Gardens.
D. Finding Ways to Modern Arts and Buildings.
答案
1. C 【点拨】根据“Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed ... The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.”可知，无论人们站在哪里，都无法一下子看到整个园林，这使得中国古典园林，尤其是苏州的古典园林，多年来一直是受欢迎的景点。故画线单词 those 指代上文中提到的“classical gardens”。
2. A 【点拨】根据“You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.”可知，人们可以从窗口瞥见另一边有趣的树木或岩石。画线单词 glimpse 意为“一瞥”，与 look 意思相近。
3. C 【点拨】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国古典园林的特点和构成元素，以及人们在其中的体验，故“迷失在中国古典园林中”适合作为文章标题。
2. A 【点拨】根据“You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.”可知，人们可以从窗口瞥见另一边有趣的树木或岩石。画线单词 glimpse 意为“一瞥”，与 look 意思相近。
3. C 【点拨】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国古典园林的特点和构成元素，以及人们在其中的体验，故“迷失在中国古典园林中”适合作为文章标题。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国古典园林的文化类阅读理解题，包含代词指代、词义猜测、主旨大意三类典型阅读题型。解题时首先处理第1题代词指代题，按照代词指代通常向前找对应核心名词的思路，定位第一段上下文找到前文提到的核心复数事物即可判断指代内容；第2题词义猜测题，定位划线词所在的门窗段落，结合窗户的功能语境推断单词含义，匹配选项即可；第3题主旨大意题，通读全文梳理文章核心讨论对象，逐一排除和原文内容无关的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主题的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段原文：“The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.”，句意为这类特质让中国的古典园林，尤其是苏州的那些园林多年来一直是热门景点，划线词those指代前文提到的classical gardens，对应选项C，其余选项植物、绘画、神秘感均不符合指代逻辑。
2. 定位Gates & Windows部分的原句：“You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.”，句意为你也可以透过窗户瞥见另一边有趣的树木和岩石，结合窗户的功能可推断此处表达“看到、瞥一眼”的含义，glimpse意为一瞥，和look含义最接近，其余选项参观、猜测、感受均不符合语境，对应选项A。
3. 逐一排查选项：A选项“不言自明的自然”完全偏离文章核心讨论对象中国古典园林；B选项全文从未提及西方园林，属于无中生有；D选项“找到通往现代艺术和建筑的路径”和原文内容无关；全文围绕中国古典园林的设计特点、造园目的、核心组成元素展开，介绍了移步换景的游园体验，因此“迷失在中国古典园林中”是最贴合全文的标题，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
代词指代判断，词义猜测，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于文化类常规阅读考题，既考察了阅读理解三类基础题型的解题能力，也渗透了中国传统古典园林的相关文化常识，符合英语学科核心素养中文化意识的考察要求。解题时要注意代词指代题优先向前文定位对应名词，词义猜测要结合上下文语境排除不符合逻辑的选项，主旨类标题题要优先覆盖全文核心讨论对象，避开无中生有的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍中国古典园林的文化类阅读理解题，包含代词指代、词义猜测、主旨大意三类典型阅读题型。解题时首先处理第1题代词指代题，按照代词指代通常向前找对应核心名词的思路，定位第一段上下文找到前文提到的核心复数事物即可判断指代内容；第2题词义猜测题，定位划线词所在的门窗段落，结合窗户的功能语境推断单词含义，匹配选项即可；第3题主旨大意题，通读全文梳理文章核心讨论对象，逐一排除和原文内容无关的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主题的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段原文：“The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular attractions after all these years.”，句意为这类特质让中国的古典园林，尤其是苏州的那些园林多年来一直是热门景点，划线词those指代前文提到的classical gardens，对应选项C，其余选项植物、绘画、神秘感均不符合指代逻辑。
2. 定位Gates & Windows部分的原句：“You can also catch a glimpse of interesting trees or rocks on the other side from the window.”，句意为你也可以透过窗户瞥见另一边有趣的树木和岩石，结合窗户的功能可推断此处表达“看到、瞥一眼”的含义，glimpse意为一瞥，和look含义最接近，其余选项参观、猜测、感受均不符合语境，对应选项A。
3. 逐一排查选项：A选项“不言自明的自然”完全偏离文章核心讨论对象中国古典园林；B选项全文从未提及西方园林，属于无中生有；D选项“找到通往现代艺术和建筑的路径”和原文内容无关；全文围绕中国古典园林的设计特点、造园目的、核心组成元素展开，介绍了移步换景的游园体验，因此“迷失在中国古典园林中”是最贴合全文的标题，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
代词指代判断，词义猜测，阅读主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于文化类常规阅读考题，既考察了阅读理解三类基础题型的解题能力，也渗透了中国传统古典园林的相关文化常识，符合英语学科核心素养中文化意识的考察要求。解题时要注意代词指代题优先向前文定位对应名词，词义猜测要结合上下文语境排除不符合逻辑的选项，主旨类标题题要优先覆盖全文核心讨论对象，避开无中生有的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.7
