(四)

主题:著名人物 体裁:记叙文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:9分钟 正确率: /10
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away 1 February 6th, 2025. But his great deeds and strong spirit will always stay in our hearts and keep lighting up China's way forward.
When he was young, he saw the hard times of his country under foreign attacks. As 2 result, he promised to make the country strong with his knowledge.
In the 1950s, when China started to develop nuclear submarines(核潜艇), it was a very difficult job. Huang Xuhua was not afraid and stood up 3(brave). At that time, there was not much advanced technology or many resources. It was like climbing a very steep mountain. But he and his team took on this challenge. To keep the project secret, they 4(stop) contacting the outside world, even their families. Huang Xuhua left his hometown for many years.
During the design process, they met a lot of problems. For example, 5(design) a nuclear reactor was really hard. They couldn't get help from foreign experts, 6 they could only depend on their own research. After many simulations and tests, they gradually overcame these problems.
Finally, in the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine 7(build) and tested successfully. This made China one of the few countries that had this ability. Huang Xuhua didn't stop after this big success. He went on to help with the 8(develop) of submarine technology. His hard work and devotion won him many honours, including the "Medal of the Republic" in 2019.
We know that so far, his spirit 9(encourage) us a lot. We, especially the young people, should learn from his spirit. Let's take on the responsibility, face challenges, and work hard to make China much 10(strong).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. on 2. a 3. bravely 4. stopped 5. designing 6. so 7. was
built 8. development 9. has encouraged 10. stronger

【分析】
这是一篇介绍黄旭华院士事迹的记叙文语法填空题，解题时首先通读全文，把握文章整体叙事脉络和时态基调：整体以一般过去时讲述过往研发核潜艇的事迹，部分空格结合固定搭配、词性转换、时态语态规则推导即可。逐空梳理思考逻辑：1. 空后是具体到某一天的日期，回忆时间介词用法，具体日期前要搭配介词on；2. 回忆固定短语as a result，直接补全缺失的不定冠词a；3. 空格修饰动词短语stood up，修饰动词需要用副词，把给出的形容词brave转换为副词形式；4. 句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，stop的过去式双写尾字母p加ed；5. 空格处在句中作主语，动词不能直接作主语，需要把动词design变为动名词形式作主语；6. 前后两个分句是因果关系，前半句表原因“得不到外国专家帮助”，后半句表结果“只能依靠自主研究”，填入因果连词so；7. 主语中国首艘核潜艇是“被建造”，属于一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语是单数，推导得出was built；8. 空格前有定冠词the，后面要接名词，把动词develop转换为对应的名词形式；9. 句中出现现在完成时的典型标志词so far，主语spirit是单数，对应现在完成时结构has+过去分词；10. 空格前有程度副词much，much常用来修饰形容词比较级，把strong变为对应的比较级即可。
【解析】
1. 空后为具体日期February 6th, 2025，表示具体某一天的时间前要使用介词on，故填on。
2. 固定搭配as a result意为“结果、因此”，是英语常用固定短语，故填不定冠词a。
3. 空格修饰动词短语stood up，需要使用副词作状语，形容词brave的副词形式为bravely，故填bravely。
4. 全文叙事背景为20世纪的过往事件，整体使用一般过去时，动词stop的过去式为stopped，故填stopped。
5. 空格处在句中作主语，动词不能直接充当主语，需要变为动名词形式designing，故填designing。
6. 前半句“他们无法获得外国专家的帮助”是原因，后半句“他们只能依靠自己的研究”是结果，用并列连词so连接因果逻辑，故填so。
7. 主语China's first nuclear submarine和动词build是被动关系，且动作发生在20世纪70年代，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，结构为was+过去分词，即was built，故填was built。
8. 空格前有定冠词the，后面需要接名词作介词with的宾语，动词develop的名词形式为development，故填development。
9. 句中出现时间标志so far（到目前为止），提示使用现在完成时，主语his spirit是单数第三人称，故填has encouraged。
10. 空格前的程度副词much通常用于修饰形容词的比较级，此处表达“让中国更强大”，strong的比较级为stronger，故填stronger。
【答案】
1. on 2. a 3. bravely 4. stopped 5. designing 6. so 7. was built 8. development 9. has encouraged 10. stronger
【知识点】
时间介词用法，词性转换，时态语态
【点评】
本题以“核潜艇之父黄旭华”的先进事迹为命题载体，既覆盖了初中阶段核心的基础语法考点，又渗透了爱国主义价值引导，考点设置梯度合理，既考察学生对固定搭配、词性转换等基础规则的掌握，也需要学生结合上下文逻辑推导连词类空格，避免死记硬背语法规则脱离语境。
【难度系数】
0.6

(五)

主题:科学技术 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:9分钟 正确率: /10
(2025·泰州二模改编)On April 19, something amazing happened in Beijing. Some 21 humanoid(像人的) robots ran in the half-marathon (21 km) with 12,000 human runners. This was the first time for robots 1(run) in such a long race.
These robots in different shapes and sizes were from different Chinese 2(company). But to join the race, they all had to run on two legs. Some even 3(wear) running shoes. Like race cars, the robots had a human operator(操作员) to help them. They could also have their batteries changed 4 the race to make sure they could reach the end. 5(usual), robots with two legs like people cannot keep balance easily. Just think about how a baby learns to stand and walk.
How did these robot runners do? The winner was Tiangong Ultra from the Beijing Innovation Center of Human Robotics. It finished in two hours and 40 minutes. For comparison(比较), 6(fast) human runner finished in one hour and two minutes. Some robots had trouble running. One fell at the starting line, and another knocked over an engineer after a few metres.
Even so, the race proved to be 7 success. The robots managed to get tested for 8(they) skills like stability(稳定性), speed and battery life. In the future, maybe they 9(use) in factories, hospitals or even space!
"10 running might be a small step for humans, it's a big leap for robots," said Liang Liang, E-Town's deputy director.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. to run 2. companies 3. wore 4. during 5. Usually
6. the fastest 7. a 8. their 9. will be used
10. Although/Though

【分析】
拿到这道语法填空题，首先通读全文明确文章主题是介绍人形机器人参与半程马拉松的科技事件，整体叙事以过去时态为主，同时涉及对未来的展望。接下来逐个结合句子结构、固定搭配、上下文逻辑推导答案：
1. 遇到第1空，回忆固定句型“it is the first time for sth to do sth”的非谓语搭配规则，确定要填不定式结构；
2. 第2空前有形容词different修饰，可数名词要变为复数形式，指代多家不同公司；
3. 第3空属于过去事件的叙事，谓语动词要匹配全文的一般过去时态；
4. 第4空结合“更换电池保障完赛”的常识，判断是在赛事进行的过程中换电池，填入对应含义的介词；
5. 第5空放在句首修饰整个句子，需要把形容词转换为副词作状语，注意句首首字母大写；
6. 第6空结合后文人类选手完赛仅1小时2分钟的对比信息，判断要使用形容词最高级表示“最快的选手”；
7. 第7空抽象名词success此处指代“一件成功的事”，属于抽象名词具体化，要搭配不定冠词；
8. 第8空后面接名词skills，需要把人称代词转换为形容词性物主代词修饰名词；
9. 第9空有将来时间状语，同时机器人和“使用”是被动关系，要使用一般将来时的被动结构；
10. 第10空前后分句是让步逻辑，填入引导让步状语从句的连词即可。
【解析】
1. 考查固定句型：It is/was the first time for sb/sth to do sth为固定结构，表示“这是某物第一次做某事”，用不定式作后置定语，故填to run。
2. 考查名词复数：形容词different后接可数名词复数，company的复数形式为companies，此处表示来自不同的中国公司，故填companies。
3. 考查一般过去时：全文介绍过去举办的机器人马拉松赛事，整体为一般过去时态，wear的过去式为wore，故填wore。
4. 考查介词：句意为“他们也可以在比赛期间更换电池，以确保能够抵达终点”，during表示“在……期间”，符合语境，故填during。
5. 考查副词作状语：此处修饰整个句子，需要将形容词usual变为副词usually，置于句首首字母大写，故填Usually。
6. 考查形容词最高级：后文人类选手完赛仅用1小时2分钟，和机器人的完赛时长形成对比，此处表示“最快的人类选手”，fast的最高级为the fastest，故填the fastest。
7. 考查冠词：此处success属于抽象名词具体化，指代“一件成功的事”，success为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。
8. 考查物主代词：此处修饰名词skills，需要将人称代词主格they变为形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的技能”，故填their。
9. 考查一般将来时的被动语态：时间状语In the future表示动作发生在将来，主语they指代机器人，和use之间是被动关系，结构为will be + 过去分词，故填will be used。
10. 考查让步状语从句连词：前后分句为让步逻辑：“尽管跑步对人类来说可能是一小步，但对机器人来说是一次巨大的飞跃”，although/though引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母大写，故填Although/Though。
【答案】
1. to run 2. companies 3. wore 4. during 5. Usually
6. the fastest 7. a 8. their 9. will be used
10. Although/Though
【知识点】
固定搭配应用，词形变换，时态语态辨析
【点评】
本题选取人形机器人半程马拉松的热点科技素材，贴合主题设定，考点覆盖了中学英语核心语法的多个维度，既考查学生对基础语法规则的掌握程度，也要求学生结合上下文逻辑推导答案，同时引导学生关注前沿科技动态，抽象名词具体化、将来被动语态等考点设置有合理区分度，能有效检验学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.4