C
①The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world. It stands proudly between the beautiful mountains of Xiling Gorge, showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people.
②The Yangtze River, China's longest river, often caused serious floods in the past, bringing disasters to millions of people. To solve this problem and create clean energy, the Chinese government decided to build a huge dam.
③People began to build the Three Gorges Dam in 1994. And it took over 12 years to complete. Thousands of workers used modern machines and technology to make this dream come true. They moved mountains, changed the river's path to build the dam, which is about 2.3 kilometers long and 185 meters high—as tall as a 60-story building!
④Today, the dam plays a key role in China. It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam's power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system (连通器系统) helps ships pass. Ships enter a lock (水闸), and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock.
⑤The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it's a symbol of Chinese people's courage and creativity. Visitors from around the world come to see this modern wonder. Students learn about its scientific achievements and the spirit of teamwork behind it. The dam teaches us that with determination (决心), humans can overcome even the most difficult challenges of nature.
()26. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The Yangtze River.
B. The Xiling Gorge.
C. The Three Gorges Dam.
D. The engineering project.
()27. What are the uses of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage?
①Controlling floods.
②Producing clean energy.
③Creating new tourist places.
④Improving ship transportation.
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
()28. What physics principle (原理) allows ships to pass through the dam's gates smoothly?

()29. Which is the right structure of the passage?

()30. What's the writer's main purpose (目的) of writing the passage?
A. To list the dam's benefits to society.
B. To describe challenges in building the dam.
C. To explain why Chinese people built the dam.
D. To praise Chinese people's wisdom and creativity.

C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三峡大坝，它是中国工程奇迹的象征，能有效防洪、发电、改善航运。
26. C 代词指代题。根据“The Three Gorges Dam, lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world.”可知“It”指代的是前一句的主语“The Three Gorges Dam”，故选 C。
27. B 细节理解题。根据“It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam's power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system helps ships pass.”可知，建造大坝可防洪、发电以及改善航运条件，故选 B。
28. C 图示理解题。根据“Ships enter a lock, and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock.”可知，利用水位变化让船闸内外水位相同，船舶能顺利通过，连通器原理和 C 项图片相同，故选 C。
29. C 篇章结构题。通读全文可见，第一段是引入大坝介绍，第二至四段属于主体，介绍了建设背景、过程和功能作用，最后一段总结升华，呈“总—分—总”结构，与选项 C 的图示相符，故选 C。
30. D 写作意图题。根据“showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people”和“The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it's a symbol of Chinese people courage and creativity.”可知，大坝展示了中国人民的智慧与勤劳，象征着中国人民的勇气与创造力，作者的写作意图在于赞扬中国人民的智慧与创造力，故选 D。

【分析】
1. 第26题：这是代词指代题，解题思路为找到划线词所在句后，向前定位最近的核心名词主语，代词通常指代前文提及的主要对象，此处前文核心主语为The Three Gorges Dam，由此确定指代内容。
2. 第27题：这是细节理解题，需回归原文定位关于三峡大坝功能的描述，逐一核对选项，排除原文未提及的内容，从而锁定正确选项。
3. 第28题：这是图示理解题，先结合原文理解船闸的工作原理，再匹配符合该原理的图示。
4. 第29题：这是篇章结构题，需梳理各段落大意，判断文章整体结构，本文为“总—分—总”结构，对应匹配的选项图示。
5. 第30题：这是写作意图题，需寻找文中体现作者核心态度的关键语句，分析语句背后的写作目的。
【解析】
26. 代词指代题。根据第①段第一句“The Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝), lying on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, is one of the largest and most amazing engineering projects in the world.”可知，划线词“It”指代的是前一句的主语“The Three Gorges Dam”，故选C。
27. 细节理解题。根据第④段内容“It has greatly reduced flood risks, protecting cities and farmlands. The dam's power stations produce clean electricity for millions of homes and factories, helping reduce air pollution. Its connected vessel system helps ships pass.”可知，三峡大坝的作用包括防洪、生产清洁能源、改善航运，原文未提及“创造新旅游地”，故选B。
28. 图示理解题。根据第④段中“Ships enter a lock, and gates close. Water level inside the lock rises or falls to match the next section. When the water levels become the same, gates open, and the ship moves to the next lock.”可知，船闸利用连通器原理，通过调整水位使船只顺利通行，该原理与选项C的图示相符，故选C。
29. 篇章结构题。通读全文：第①段总起，引入三峡大坝的基本介绍；第②-④段分述，分别介绍大坝的建设背景、建造过程和如今的功能作用；第⑤段总结，升华主题，指出大坝是中国人民勇气与创造力的象征，属于“总—分—总”结构，与选项C的图示一致，故选C。
30. 写作意图题。根据第①段“showing the wisdom and hard work of the Chinese people”和第⑤段“The Three Gorges Dam is not just a dam—it's a symbol of Chinese people's courage and creativity.”可知，作者通过介绍三峡大坝，意在赞扬中国人民的智慧与创造力，故选D。
【答案】
26. C；27. B；28. C；29. C；30. D
【知识点】
代词指代技巧、细节信息定位、写作意图判断
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍三峡大坝的说明文，涵盖了大坝的建设背景、过程、功能及意义。题目考查了多种阅读题型，要求学生掌握不同题型的解题方法，精准定位原文信息并分析归纳，有助于提升学生的综合阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.6