四、核心素养 中华优秀传统文化 阅读理解。
主题群:文学、艺术与体育 子主题:乐器 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
In the world of traditional Chinese music, the pipa is a true treasure with a history of over 1,000 years. It is not just a musical tool, but a cultural symbol that carries the soul of Chinese music.
The pipa's story began in ancient China. The names "pi" and "pa" originally described the way the instrument was played—plucking(拨) forward and backward. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a pear-shaped instrument came to China from Central Asia through the Silk Road. This new instrument mixed with Chinese traditions and gradually changed into the pipa we know today. The Tang Dynasty was a golden age for the pipa. It was loved by the nobility(贵族) and common people alike, and admired for its beautiful sound.
What makes the pipa so special is its ability to express a wide range of emotions(情感). With a gentle touch, players can create soft, flowing melodies that sound like rustling leaves or a quiet stream. When played with energy, it can mimic(模拟) the loud chaos of an ancient battlefield. Because of this, traditional pipa music is often divided into two types: "Wen Qu" (Civil Pieces) and "Wu Qu" (Military Pieces). Civil pieces are peaceful and beautiful, often describing nature or the feelings of a lonely woman. Military pieces, however, are exciting and powerful. They tell stories of war and heroes, such as the famous pieces "Ambush from Ten Sides" and "The Hegemon Unarmors".
Today, the pipa remains a popular and versatile(多功能的) instrument. It is played alone, with orchestras, and even in modern music styles. As a bridge between the ancient past and the present, the pipa continues to share the beauty of Chinese culture with the world.
()1. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the pipa?
A. It mixed the traditions of Central Asia and China.
B. The names "pi" and "pa" refer to its materials.
C. It was invented during the Tang Dynasty.
D. It was first used for wars in ancient China.
()2. In which of the following situations would you not hear a rustling sound?
A. Feeling the silk dress.
B. Turning the pages.
C. Knocking on the door.
D. Walking on dry grass.
()3. (创新考法·写作手法)How does the writer introduce the different musical styles of the pipa?
A. By telling a story.
B. By using the personification.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving examples.
()4. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To learn the history and features of Chinese music.
B. To prove that the pipa is the best instrument in China.
C. To introduce the development and cultural value of the pipa.
D. To teach readers how to play the pipa by explaining its techniques.

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕中国传统乐器琵琶展开，需结合原文内容逐一分析各题：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文关于琵琶起源的描述，逐一排除错误选项：A选项对应原文中琵琶融合中亚与中国传统的表述，正确；B选项中“pi”“pa”是演奏方式而非材料，错误；C选项唐代是琵琶的黄金时代而非发明时间，错误；D选项无原文依据，错误。
2. 第2题是词义理解题，需明确“rustling”（沙沙声）的含义，结合选项判断：丝绸摩擦、翻书页、踩干草均会产生沙沙声，敲门为咚咚声，故选C。
3. 第3题是写作手法题，需判断介绍文武曲的方式：原文列举了具体曲目例子，采用举例子手法，故选D。
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需归纳全文内容：全文介绍琵琶的发展、特点及文化价值，对应选项C；A范围过大，B“最好”无依据，D未涉及演奏教学，均错误。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段“a pear-shaped instrument came to China from Central Asia... mixed with Chinese traditions”，可知琵琶融合中亚与中国传统，A正确；B选项对应“pi”“pa”是演奏方式，错误；C选项唐代是黄金时代，并非发明时间，错误；D选项无依据，故选A。
2. 第2题：“rustling”意为沙沙作响，A丝绸摩擦、B翻书页、D踩干草均产生沙沙声，C敲门为咚咚声，故选C。
3. 第3题：原文介绍文武曲时，列举了《Ambush from Ten Sides》等具体例子，采用举例子手法，故选D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕琵琶展开，介绍其发展历史、独特特点及文化价值，对应选项C；A“中国音乐”范围过大，B“最好”无原文支持，D未涉及演奏技巧，均错误，故选C。
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题结合中华优秀传统文化（琵琶），以说明文形式考查学生英语阅读能力，涵盖细节查找、词义理解、写作手法判断、主旨归纳等考点，难度适中，有助于学生了解中国传统乐器文化。
【难度系数】0.6