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一、阅读理解
A woman in Yunnan was attacked(袭击) recently in the mountains when collecting bamboo shoots. The "suspect(嫌疑人)" was a black bear.
It was no normal(寻常的) bear—it was an Asiatic black bear, a very aggressive(好斗的) kind. Between 1950 and 2019, Asiatic black bears caused 765 human deaths, according to a study in the journal *PLOS Biology*. This makes it one of the most dangerous large predators(捕食性动物).
However, bears, including the most dangerous black bears, do not often attack people, US scientist Lynn Rogers told the North American Bear Centre. "Most attacks by black bears are defensive reactions(防御反应) to a person who is too close," he said.
According to China Science Communication(CSC), an attack can also happen when people scare(吓) baby bears from a short distance away. When black bears are taking care of their babies, mother bears can get very aggressive.
Also, people may find that bears and humans are more likely to meet in recent years. More people near bears means less space for these animals to live in. Bears go to look for food near villages, and this leads to more "meetings" with humans which may bring harm or even cause death, said CSC.
So, what should you do when there's a bear right in front of you? Play dead? It could work. The bear may not see you as a danger.
There are better ways. If you see a bear before it notices you, don't get closer or keep watching it. Just walk away quietly in the other direction(方向). If a bear sees you first, don't run—it might chase(追) you. Instead, move back slowly in the opposite(相反的) direction and wait for the bear to go away, said the Bear Wise website.
(
A. They are the top predators worldwide.
B. They are more dangerous than normal bears.
C. They kill more than 700 people a year.
D. They can get angry as easily as other bears.
(
a. Bad nature.
b. Feeling in danger.
c. Protecting their babies.
d. The loss of living space.
e. Killing for food.
A. abc
B. ace
C. bcd
D. cde
(
(
A woman in Yunnan was attacked(袭击) recently in the mountains when collecting bamboo shoots. The "suspect(嫌疑人)" was a black bear.
It was no normal(寻常的) bear—it was an Asiatic black bear, a very aggressive(好斗的) kind. Between 1950 and 2019, Asiatic black bears caused 765 human deaths, according to a study in the journal *PLOS Biology*. This makes it one of the most dangerous large predators(捕食性动物).
However, bears, including the most dangerous black bears, do not often attack people, US scientist Lynn Rogers told the North American Bear Centre. "Most attacks by black bears are defensive reactions(防御反应) to a person who is too close," he said.
According to China Science Communication(CSC), an attack can also happen when people scare(吓) baby bears from a short distance away. When black bears are taking care of their babies, mother bears can get very aggressive.
Also, people may find that bears and humans are more likely to meet in recent years. More people near bears means less space for these animals to live in. Bears go to look for food near villages, and this leads to more "meetings" with humans which may bring harm or even cause death, said CSC.
So, what should you do when there's a bear right in front of you? Play dead? It could work. The bear may not see you as a danger.
There are better ways. If you see a bear before it notices you, don't get closer or keep watching it. Just walk away quietly in the other direction(方向). If a bear sees you first, don't run—it might chase(追) you. Instead, move back slowly in the opposite(相反的) direction and wait for the bear to go away, said the Bear Wise website.
(
B
)1. What do we know about Asiatic black bears?A. They are the top predators worldwide.
B. They are more dangerous than normal bears.
C. They kill more than 700 people a year.
D. They can get angry as easily as other bears.
(
C
)2. What are the reasons for bears to attack humans?a. Bad nature.
b. Feeling in danger.
c. Protecting their babies.
d. The loss of living space.
e. Killing for food.
A. abc
B. ace
C. bcd
D. cde
(
B
)3. Which is a better way of self - protection from a bear?(
A
)4. How is the passage written?答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了熊类伤人的原因，以及在野外遇到熊类的应对方法。
1. B 推理判断题。根据“This makes it one of the most dangerous large predators.”可知，亚洲黑熊是最危险的大型捕食性动物之一，所以它们比普通的熊更危险。故选 B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据“an attack can also happen when people ... less space for these animals to live in”可知，当人们在短距离内吓到小熊时，也可能发生袭击，当黑熊照顾幼崽时，母熊会变得非常好斗。熊附近的人越多，这些动物的生存空间就越小，所以熊攻击人的原因是感到危险、保护它们的幼崽以及生存空间的消失。故选 C。
3. B 图示理解题。根据“Just walk away quietly in the other direction.”可知，遇见熊自救是朝另一个方向悄悄地走开，选项 B 符合。故选 B。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出熊攻击人的一个例子；第二段介绍了攻击人的熊；第三、四、五段分析了熊攻击人的原因；第六和第七段介绍了在野外遇到熊的应对方法。故选项 A 符合文章结构。故选 A。
1. B 推理判断题。根据“This makes it one of the most dangerous large predators.”可知，亚洲黑熊是最危险的大型捕食性动物之一，所以它们比普通的熊更危险。故选 B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据“an attack can also happen when people ... less space for these animals to live in”可知，当人们在短距离内吓到小熊时，也可能发生袭击，当黑熊照顾幼崽时，母熊会变得非常好斗。熊附近的人越多，这些动物的生存空间就越小，所以熊攻击人的原因是感到危险、保护它们的幼崽以及生存空间的消失。故选 C。
3. B 图示理解题。根据“Just walk away quietly in the other direction.”可知，遇见熊自救是朝另一个方向悄悄地走开，选项 B 符合。故选 B。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出熊攻击人的一个例子；第二段介绍了攻击人的熊；第三、四、五段分析了熊攻击人的原因；第六和第七段介绍了在野外遇到熊的应对方法。故选项 A 符合文章结构。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时遵循先明确题干考点，再带着关键词回原文定位比对的思路：
1. 第1题要找关于亚洲黑熊的正确描述，直接定位到介绍亚洲黑熊的第二段内容，逐一比对4个选项，排除和原文不符的错误表述；
2. 第2题要筛选熊攻击人类的原因，对应文章3、4、5段的内容，逐个核对题干给出的a-e五个原因，排除原文没有提到的点，选出符合的组合；
3. 第3题是图文理解题，定位到介绍遇熊自救方法的最后两段，找到正确的自救行为，匹配对应的图示选项；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理全文内容模块，划分出行文逻辑，匹配对应的结构选项。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：定位原文第二段，文中提到亚洲黑熊是最危险的大型捕食者之一，属于好斗的种类，比普通熊危险性更高。A选项“是全球顶级捕食者”表述错误，原文仅说明它是最危险的大型捕食者之一，并非顶级；C选项“每年杀死700多人”错误，1950到2019年总共造成765人死亡，并非每年；D选项“和其他熊一样容易发怒”原文无相关表述，因此只有B选项表述正确。
2. 细节理解题：定位原文第三到第五段，文中提到熊攻击人首先是人类距离过近让熊产生防御反应（对应b感到危险），其次是人类惊扰幼崽时母熊会发起攻击（对应c保护幼崽），最后是人类活动挤占了熊的生存空间，熊进入人类活动区域提升了冲突概率（对应d生存空间丧失）。原文没有提到熊生性恶劣主动伤人、为捕食杀人的相关表述，因此符合的是b、c、d，选C。
3. 图示理解题：定位原文最后两段，文中明确说明如果在熊没发现你时，不要靠近，悄悄朝相反方向走开即可，该行为对应选项B的图示内容，因此选B。
4. 篇章结构题：通读全文梳理逻辑：第1段用云南女子被熊袭击的事件引入话题，第2段介绍袭击人的亚洲黑熊的属性，第3-5段分析熊攻击人类的三类原因，第6-7段介绍遇熊的正确自救方法，该行文逻辑对应选项A的结构，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，篇章结构分析，图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于科普类阅读的典型题型，覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的四类考点，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对选项的解题能力，也通过文章内容科普了野外遇险的自救常识，兼具知识性和实用性，学生解题时要注意不要脱离原文主观臆断，所有选项都要找到原文对应依据再判断。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时遵循先明确题干考点，再带着关键词回原文定位比对的思路：
1. 第1题要找关于亚洲黑熊的正确描述，直接定位到介绍亚洲黑熊的第二段内容，逐一比对4个选项，排除和原文不符的错误表述；
2. 第2题要筛选熊攻击人类的原因，对应文章3、4、5段的内容，逐个核对题干给出的a-e五个原因，排除原文没有提到的点，选出符合的组合；
3. 第3题是图文理解题，定位到介绍遇熊自救方法的最后两段，找到正确的自救行为，匹配对应的图示选项；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理全文内容模块，划分出行文逻辑，匹配对应的结构选项。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：定位原文第二段，文中提到亚洲黑熊是最危险的大型捕食者之一，属于好斗的种类，比普通熊危险性更高。A选项“是全球顶级捕食者”表述错误，原文仅说明它是最危险的大型捕食者之一，并非顶级；C选项“每年杀死700多人”错误，1950到2019年总共造成765人死亡，并非每年；D选项“和其他熊一样容易发怒”原文无相关表述，因此只有B选项表述正确。
2. 细节理解题：定位原文第三到第五段，文中提到熊攻击人首先是人类距离过近让熊产生防御反应（对应b感到危险），其次是人类惊扰幼崽时母熊会发起攻击（对应c保护幼崽），最后是人类活动挤占了熊的生存空间，熊进入人类活动区域提升了冲突概率（对应d生存空间丧失）。原文没有提到熊生性恶劣主动伤人、为捕食杀人的相关表述，因此符合的是b、c、d，选C。
3. 图示理解题：定位原文最后两段，文中明确说明如果在熊没发现你时，不要靠近，悄悄朝相反方向走开即可，该行为对应选项B的图示内容，因此选B。
4. 篇章结构题：通读全文梳理逻辑：第1段用云南女子被熊袭击的事件引入话题，第2段介绍袭击人的亚洲黑熊的属性，第3-5段分析熊攻击人类的三类原因，第6-7段介绍遇熊的正确自救方法，该行文逻辑对应选项A的结构，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，篇章结构分析，图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于科普类阅读的典型题型，覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的四类考点，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对选项的解题能力，也通过文章内容科普了野外遇险的自救常识，兼具知识性和实用性，学生解题时要注意不要脱离原文主观臆断，所有选项都要找到原文对应依据再判断。
【难度系数】
0.6
