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二、综合填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda is 1 national treasure of China. It is famous as the living fossil(化石). Most pandas have black - and - white fur. They look very cute and have higher intelligence(智商) among all the animals. They can follow the zoo 2 (work) instructions(指令) without difficulty. That's why almost everyone 3 (like) them. The giant pandas love bamboo best. But they also enjoy 4 (eat) other food, including birds, fish, and some small animals. A newborn panda's 5 (weigh) is only a few hundred grams, but a grown - up panda weighs up 6 180 kilograms. Wild pandas live in cool and wet bamboo forests of the central and western China, high up in the mountains, 7 they show the great ability to climb trees from an early age.
The living giant panda was 8 (one) found in Sichuan by a Frenchman. In 2008, because they were in danger of dying out, they 9 (add) on the list of the endangered animals. Luckily, in 2016, 10 (science) removed(去除) the giant panda from the list. It's China's success in rebuilding bamboo forests.
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda is 1 national treasure of China. It is famous as the living fossil(化石). Most pandas have black - and - white fur. They look very cute and have higher intelligence(智商) among all the animals. They can follow the zoo 2 (work) instructions(指令) without difficulty. That's why almost everyone 3 (like) them. The giant pandas love bamboo best. But they also enjoy 4 (eat) other food, including birds, fish, and some small animals. A newborn panda's 5 (weigh) is only a few hundred grams, but a grown - up panda weighs up 6 180 kilograms. Wild pandas live in cool and wet bamboo forests of the central and western China, high up in the mountains, 7 they show the great ability to climb trees from an early age.
The living giant panda was 8 (one) found in Sichuan by a Frenchman. In 2008, because they were in danger of dying out, they 9 (add) on the list of the endangered animals. Luckily, in 2016, 10 (science) removed(去除) the giant panda from the list. It's China's success in rebuilding bamboo forests.
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答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大熊猫的特点、生活习性、栖息地以及保护现状。
1. a/the 2. workers' 3. likes 4. eating 5. weight 6. to 7. and 8. first 9. were added 10. scientists
1. a/the 2. workers' 3. likes 4. eating 5. weight 6. to 7. and 8. first 9. were added 10. scientists
解析
【分析】
拿到这道语法填空题，首先第一步先通读全文，明确文章是介绍大熊猫的说明文，理清整体以一般现在时为主，涉及过去事件的部分用一般过去时。接下来逐空分析句子成分：没有提示词的空优先考虑冠词、介词、连词三类虚词；有提示词的空，先判断所需词性，再结合词性变换规则、固定搭配、主谓一致、时态语态、上下文逻辑推导答案即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空后是可数名词单数national treasure，此处可表泛指“一件国宝”用不定冠词a，也可特指“中国的国宝”用定冠词the，因此填a/the。
2. 空格后是名词instructions，此处要表达“动物园工作人员的指令”，动词work先变为表示人的名词worker，动物园工作人员为复数，再变为复数名词所有格workers'表所属关系，因此填workers'。
3. 句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语everyone是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，因此like变为likes。
4. 此处考查固定搭配enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”，因此动词eat要变为动名词形式eating。
5. 空格前是名词所有格A newborn panda's，后面需要接名词作句子主语，动词weigh对应的名词形式是weight，意为“重量”，因此填weight。
6. 此处考查固定搭配up to，意为“多达、高达”，符合“成年大熊猫重达180公斤”的句意，因此填介词to。
7. 空格前后是两个语义顺承的独立分句：前半句介绍野生熊猫的栖息地，后半句介绍熊猫擅长爬树的特点，并列顺承关系用并列连词and连接，因此填and。
8. 空格处修饰动词found，需要用副词作状语，基数词one变为副词first，意为“首次、第一次”，符合句意，因此填first。
9. 主语they指代大熊猫，和动词add之间是被动关系，时间状语In 2008是过去的时间，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，add变为过去分词added，即were added。
10. 句子缺少主语，结合句意是科学家将大熊猫从濒危名单移除，名词science变为指代人的名词scientist，此处表泛指多个科学家，用复数形式scientists。
【答案】
1. a/the
2. workers'
3. likes
4. eating
5. weight
6. to
7. and
8. first
9. were added
10. scientists
【知识点】
词形转换，固定搭配，时态语态
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段中等难度的说明文类语法填空题，考点覆盖冠词、名词所有格、非谓语动词、词性转换、连词、副词、被动语态等核心基础语法点，大部分空格可通过基础语法规则和常见固定搭配直接推导，仅少数连词类空格需要结合上下文逻辑判断，能够有效考察学生对基础英语语法的综合运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这道语法填空题，首先第一步先通读全文，明确文章是介绍大熊猫的说明文，理清整体以一般现在时为主，涉及过去事件的部分用一般过去时。接下来逐空分析句子成分：没有提示词的空优先考虑冠词、介词、连词三类虚词；有提示词的空，先判断所需词性，再结合词性变换规则、固定搭配、主谓一致、时态语态、上下文逻辑推导答案即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空后是可数名词单数national treasure，此处可表泛指“一件国宝”用不定冠词a，也可特指“中国的国宝”用定冠词the，因此填a/the。
2. 空格后是名词instructions，此处要表达“动物园工作人员的指令”，动词work先变为表示人的名词worker，动物园工作人员为复数，再变为复数名词所有格workers'表所属关系，因此填workers'。
3. 句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语everyone是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，因此like变为likes。
4. 此处考查固定搭配enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”，因此动词eat要变为动名词形式eating。
5. 空格前是名词所有格A newborn panda's，后面需要接名词作句子主语，动词weigh对应的名词形式是weight，意为“重量”，因此填weight。
6. 此处考查固定搭配up to，意为“多达、高达”，符合“成年大熊猫重达180公斤”的句意，因此填介词to。
7. 空格前后是两个语义顺承的独立分句：前半句介绍野生熊猫的栖息地，后半句介绍熊猫擅长爬树的特点，并列顺承关系用并列连词and连接，因此填and。
8. 空格处修饰动词found，需要用副词作状语，基数词one变为副词first，意为“首次、第一次”，符合句意，因此填first。
9. 主语they指代大熊猫，和动词add之间是被动关系，时间状语In 2008是过去的时间，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，add变为过去分词added，即were added。
10. 句子缺少主语，结合句意是科学家将大熊猫从濒危名单移除，名词science变为指代人的名词scientist，此处表泛指多个科学家，用复数形式scientists。
【答案】
1. a/the
2. workers'
3. likes
4. eating
5. weight
6. to
7. and
8. first
9. were added
10. scientists
【知识点】
词形转换，固定搭配，时态语态
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段中等难度的说明文类语法填空题，考点覆盖冠词、名词所有格、非谓语动词、词性转换、连词、副词、被动语态等核心基础语法点，大部分空格可通过基础语法规则和常见固定搭配直接推导，仅少数连词类空格需要结合上下文逻辑判断，能够有效考察学生对基础英语语法的综合运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
Recently, researchers(研究员) have found that dolphins(海豚) know their own names much like people. Dolphins talk to one another with whistles(口哨) and calls. Scientists have known that the animals also use unusual whistles to name each other. They had thought that dolphins only heard each other's voices. However, the scientists didn't know that dolphins listen for their names too.
To test this idea, the researchers caught 14 dolphins and recorded(记录) their name calls. The scientists then copied each dolphin's voice. When the changed recordings were played, the dolphins replied(回应) strongly to the names of their families and group members. They didn't care about the names of dolphins they did not know.
Dolphins live in large groups that grow and change. Each dolphin's unusual whistle helps it find a friend or a family member easily, or call for help. Understanding their calls need learning. Most animals don't have this skill except(除了) humans, elephants and bats.
Elephants, for example, communicate with sounds. Their sounds can be heard by other elephants miles away. Dolphins, too, communicate with each other like this. Elephants also communicate by moving their head, feet and trunk(象鼻). In much the same way, dolphins communicate by their movements. Touching each other is a way for dolphins to express friendship. Elephants also communicate by their great sense of smell. They can know other elephants by the smells they have in a short time.
Why do dolphins and elephants share the gift of communication? Scientists think it may be because they are social and smart animals. Both have strong family relationships. Now, scientists want to know if they also have nicknames(昵称).
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阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
Recently, researchers(研究员) have found that dolphins(海豚) know their own names much like people. Dolphins talk to one another with whistles(口哨) and calls. Scientists have known that the animals also use unusual whistles to name each other. They had thought that dolphins only heard each other's voices. However, the scientists didn't know that dolphins listen for their names too.
To test this idea, the researchers caught 14 dolphins and recorded(记录) their name calls. The scientists then copied each dolphin's voice. When the changed recordings were played, the dolphins replied(回应) strongly to the names of their families and group members. They didn't care about the names of dolphins they did not know.
Dolphins live in large groups that grow and change. Each dolphin's unusual whistle helps it find a friend or a family member easily, or call for help. Understanding their calls need learning. Most animals don't have this skill except(除了) humans, elephants and bats.
Elephants, for example, communicate with sounds. Their sounds can be heard by other elephants miles away. Dolphins, too, communicate with each other like this. Elephants also communicate by moving their head, feet and trunk(象鼻). In much the same way, dolphins communicate by their movements. Touching each other is a way for dolphins to express friendship. Elephants also communicate by their great sense of smell. They can know other elephants by the smells they have in a short time.
Why do dolphins and elephants share the gift of communication? Scientists think it may be because they are social and smart animals. Both have strong family relationships. Now, scientists want to know if they also have nicknames(昵称).
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10.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章以海豚和大象的交流方式为例，介绍了关于某些聪明的群居动物的一些发现。
1. findings/facts 2. others 3. but/while 4. without 5. few 6. touch 7. Like 8. soon/quickly 9. sure 10. wonder
1. findings/facts 2. others 3. but/while 4. without 5. few 6. touch 7. Like 8. soon/quickly 9. sure 10. wonder
解析
【分析】
这是一篇信息匹配类任务型阅读，解题时首先先梳理表格的整体框架，明确每部分对应的原文内容，再逐空定位到原文的对应语句，结合空格前后的语法要求、语义逻辑，匹配出最恰当的单词，注意每个空格只能填入一个单词，部分空格需要做同义转换、逻辑关系推导来得到答案。具体思考路径：1. 先看大板块标题，第一大板块是介绍关于动物的趣味内容，对应原文的研究发现/事实；2. 后续每个空都回到原文找对应描述，结合转折、条件等逻辑关系，替换同义表达，最终得到符合要求的单词。
【解析】
1. 全文该板块介绍了研究者关于海豚、大象的相关研究发现和客观事实，对应表格左侧标题"Fun ___ about the animals"，填入findings/facts符合语义。
2. 定位原文第一段"Dolphins talk to one another with whistles and calls"，海豚用哨声和叫声和彼此交流，one another指代其他同类，填入others。
3. 空格前"它们回应家人和群体成员"，空格后"它们不在意陌生人"，前后是转折逻辑关系，填入but/while。
4. 定位原文第三段"Understanding their calls need learning"，也就是没有学习的前提下，很难理解它们的叫声，填入without。
5. 定位原文第三段"Most animals don't have this skill except humans, elephants and bats"，说明拥有这项技能的动物数量极少，very few表示几乎没有、极少，填入few。
6. 定位原文第四段"Touching each other is a way for dolphins to express friendship"，表格中缺少谓语动词，主语是dolphins，用一般现在时，填入touch。
7. 后文描述大象也用声音和肢体动作交流，和海豚的特性一致，此处表达"和海豚一样"，位于句首首字母大写，填入Like。
8. 定位原文第四段"They can know other elephants by the smells they have in a short time"，in a short time同义转换为soon/quickly，修饰动词know，填入soon/quickly。
9. 定位原文最后一段"Scientists think it may be because they are social and smart animals"，科学家只是猜测原因，并不完全确定，be not sure表示不确定，填入sure。
10. 定位原文最后一段"Now, scientists want to know if they also have nicknames"，want to know同义替换为动词wonder，填入wonder。
【答案】
1. findings/facts
2. others
3. but/while
4. without
5. few
6. touch
7. Like
8. soon/quickly
9. sure
10. wonder
【知识点】
任务型阅读信息提取；同义转换；逻辑关系判断
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的任务型阅读，大部分空格可以通过直接定位原文细节得到答案，少数空格需要结合语义做同义替换、转折逻辑推导，既考查学生快速扫读定位原文信息的能力，也考查学生对语言的灵活转化运用能力，符合初中英语任务型阅读的常规考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇信息匹配类任务型阅读，解题时首先先梳理表格的整体框架，明确每部分对应的原文内容，再逐空定位到原文的对应语句，结合空格前后的语法要求、语义逻辑，匹配出最恰当的单词，注意每个空格只能填入一个单词，部分空格需要做同义转换、逻辑关系推导来得到答案。具体思考路径：1. 先看大板块标题，第一大板块是介绍关于动物的趣味内容，对应原文的研究发现/事实；2. 后续每个空都回到原文找对应描述，结合转折、条件等逻辑关系，替换同义表达，最终得到符合要求的单词。
【解析】
1. 全文该板块介绍了研究者关于海豚、大象的相关研究发现和客观事实，对应表格左侧标题"Fun ___ about the animals"，填入findings/facts符合语义。
2. 定位原文第一段"Dolphins talk to one another with whistles and calls"，海豚用哨声和叫声和彼此交流，one another指代其他同类，填入others。
3. 空格前"它们回应家人和群体成员"，空格后"它们不在意陌生人"，前后是转折逻辑关系，填入but/while。
4. 定位原文第三段"Understanding their calls need learning"，也就是没有学习的前提下，很难理解它们的叫声，填入without。
5. 定位原文第三段"Most animals don't have this skill except humans, elephants and bats"，说明拥有这项技能的动物数量极少，very few表示几乎没有、极少，填入few。
6. 定位原文第四段"Touching each other is a way for dolphins to express friendship"，表格中缺少谓语动词，主语是dolphins，用一般现在时，填入touch。
7. 后文描述大象也用声音和肢体动作交流，和海豚的特性一致，此处表达"和海豚一样"，位于句首首字母大写，填入Like。
8. 定位原文第四段"They can know other elephants by the smells they have in a short time"，in a short time同义转换为soon/quickly，修饰动词know，填入soon/quickly。
9. 定位原文最后一段"Scientists think it may be because they are social and smart animals"，科学家只是猜测原因，并不完全确定，be not sure表示不确定，填入sure。
10. 定位原文最后一段"Now, scientists want to know if they also have nicknames"，want to know同义替换为动词wonder，填入wonder。
【答案】
1. findings/facts
2. others
3. but/while
4. without
5. few
6. touch
7. Like
8. soon/quickly
9. sure
10. wonder
【知识点】
任务型阅读信息提取；同义转换；逻辑关系判断
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的任务型阅读，大部分空格可以通过直接定位原文细节得到答案，少数空格需要结合语义做同义替换、转折逻辑推导，既考查学生快速扫读定位原文信息的能力，也考查学生对语言的灵活转化运用能力，符合初中英语任务型阅读的常规考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
