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Ⅵ. 新素材 猫狗同屋实验 阅读理解
Can dogs and cats get along well in the same home? People who are thinking about getting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight. A study finds that if the cat is taken back home before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly possible that the two pets will get along well. In two-thirds of the homes, cats and dogs have a good relationship.
However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression(好斗) and fighting were found in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different. For example, when a cat turns its head away, it means aggression, while a dog doing the same means submission(顺从).
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk "Dog", and dogs can learn how to talk "Cat".
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter. They can learn to read each other's body languages, showing that the two may have more in common (共同 的) than we thought. Once they understand each other's body language, cats and dogs can play together, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.
The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go more than pets—to people who don't get along well, including neighbours, colleagues at work, and even countries. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?
1. Some cats and dogs may fight when .
A. they are cold to each other
B. they look away from each other
C. they don't understand each other's body languages
D. they are introduced at an early age
2. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?
A. They eat and sleep together.
B. They watch each other's behaviours.
C. They learn to speak each other's language.
D. They know something from each other's voices.
3. According to Paragraph 4, cats and dogs .
A. have common interests
B. are less different than we thought
C. have a common body language
D. are not so smart as was expected
4. What can we learn from cats and dogs?
A. We should learn to get along well with others.
B. We should know more about animals.
C. We should live in peace with animals.
D. We should learn more body languages.
Can dogs and cats get along well in the same home? People who are thinking about getting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight. A study finds that if the cat is taken back home before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly possible that the two pets will get along well. In two-thirds of the homes, cats and dogs have a good relationship.
However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression(好斗) and fighting were found in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different. For example, when a cat turns its head away, it means aggression, while a dog doing the same means submission(顺从).
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk "Dog", and dogs can learn how to talk "Cat".
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter. They can learn to read each other's body languages, showing that the two may have more in common (共同 的) than we thought. Once they understand each other's body language, cats and dogs can play together, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.
The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go more than pets—to people who don't get along well, including neighbours, colleagues at work, and even countries. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?
1. Some cats and dogs may fight when .
A. they are cold to each other
B. they look away from each other
C. they don't understand each other's body languages
D. they are introduced at an early age
2. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?
A. They eat and sleep together.
B. They watch each other's behaviours.
C. They learn to speak each other's language.
D. They know something from each other's voices.
3. According to Paragraph 4, cats and dogs .
A. have common interests
B. are less different than we thought
C. have a common body language
D. are not so smart as was expected
4. What can we learn from cats and dogs?
A. We should learn to get along well with others.
B. We should know more about animals.
C. We should live in peace with animals.
D. We should learn more body languages.
答案
Ⅵ. ［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了猫和狗能否在同一家庭中和睦相处的问题。
1. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different.”可知，有些猫和狗可能会因为不理解对方的肢体语言而打架。故选 C。
2. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language.”可知，猫和狗令人惊讶的地方是它们会学习说对方的语言。故选 C。
3. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据“What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter. They can learn to read each other's body languages, showing that the two may have more in common（共同的）than we thought.”可知，有趣的是猫和狗可以学会读懂对方的肢体语言，这表明它们两个可能有比我们想象的更多的共同点，即猫和狗并没有我们想象得那么不同。故选 B。
4. A ［解析］推理判断题。根据“The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go more than pets... If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?”可知，这项关于猫和狗的研究很重要，如果猫和狗能学会相处，为什么人不能呢？所以我们能从猫和狗身上学到与他人友好相处。故选 A。
1. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different.”可知，有些猫和狗可能会因为不理解对方的肢体语言而打架。故选 C。
2. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language.”可知，猫和狗令人惊讶的地方是它们会学习说对方的语言。故选 C。
3. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据“What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter. They can learn to read each other's body languages, showing that the two may have more in common（共同的）than we thought.”可知，有趣的是猫和狗可以学会读懂对方的肢体语言，这表明它们两个可能有比我们想象的更多的共同点，即猫和狗并没有我们想象得那么不同。故选 B。
4. A ［解析］推理判断题。根据“The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go more than pets... If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?”可知，这项关于猫和狗的研究很重要，如果猫和狗能学会相处，为什么人不能呢？所以我们能从猫和狗身上学到与他人友好相处。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍关于猫狗能否共处的相关研究，再按照题目顺序逐个回原文定位对应内容：1. 第一题询问猫狗打架的原因，直接定位到第二段提到打架相关表述的位置，匹配选项排除错误项；2. 第二题找猫狗身上令人惊讶的发现，直接定位第三段的“surprising”关键词附近的内容；3. 第三题明确限定根据第四段作答，直接梳理第四段核心含义对应选项；4. 第四题要结合最后一段的引申表达，推导研究想要传递给人类的道理，避免选过于表面的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different.”可知，猫狗打架的诱因是它们的肢体语言存在差异，彼此无法理解对方的信号。A选项“互相冷淡”是25%家庭的状态，并非打架的原因；B选项“互相移开视线”只是二者对转头动作的含义解读不同，不是直接引发打架的条件；D选项“幼年时被介绍认识”是帮助二者友好相处的前提，和打架无关，因此选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language.”可知，猫狗最让人惊讶的点是它们会学习使用对方的语言交流。A选项“一起吃饭睡觉”是二者相处融洽后的表现，不属于令人惊讶的新发现；B选项“观察彼此的行为”、D选项“从对方的声音获取信息”原文均未提及，因此选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据第四段“the two may have more in common than we thought”可知，猫狗的共同点比人类预想的更多，也就意味着二者的差异比我们之前认为的更小。A选项“有共同爱好”原文没有相关表述；C选项“拥有共同的肢体语言”表述错误，二者是能读懂对方的肢体语言，并非本身肢体语言一致；D选项“不如预想中聪明”和原文“both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter”相悖，因此选B。
4. 推理判断题：根据最后一段“If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?”可知，这项研究最终指向人际交往的启示：连原本容易起冲突的猫狗都能学会友好共处，人类也应该学会和他人和睦相处。B选项“多了解动物”、C选项“和动物和平共处”都不是文章最终的引申指向；D选项“多学习肢体语言”是非常表面的解读，不符合主旨，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
细节信息定位，语篇主旨推断，跨语境迁移理解
【点评】
这是一篇贴近生活的科普类阅读，题目设置以基础细节题为主，仅最后两道为低难度推理题，大部分答案都能在原文直接找到对应依据，既考察学生快速定位文本信息的能力，也引导学生从动物研究的结论延伸思考人际交往的道理，符合英语学科核心素养的要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍关于猫狗能否共处的相关研究，再按照题目顺序逐个回原文定位对应内容：1. 第一题询问猫狗打架的原因，直接定位到第二段提到打架相关表述的位置，匹配选项排除错误项；2. 第二题找猫狗身上令人惊讶的发现，直接定位第三段的“surprising”关键词附近的内容；3. 第三题明确限定根据第四段作答，直接梳理第四段核心含义对应选项；4. 第四题要结合最后一段的引申表达，推导研究想要传递给人类的道理，避免选过于表面的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different.”可知，猫狗打架的诱因是它们的肢体语言存在差异，彼此无法理解对方的信号。A选项“互相冷淡”是25%家庭的状态，并非打架的原因；B选项“互相移开视线”只是二者对转头动作的含义解读不同，不是直接引发打架的条件；D选项“幼年时被介绍认识”是帮助二者友好相处的前提，和打架无关，因此选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found something surprising. They are learning how to talk in each other's language.”可知，猫狗最让人惊讶的点是它们会学习使用对方的语言交流。A选项“一起吃饭睡觉”是二者相处融洽后的表现，不属于令人惊讶的新发现；B选项“观察彼此的行为”、D选项“从对方的声音获取信息”原文均未提及，因此选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据第四段“the two may have more in common than we thought”可知，猫狗的共同点比人类预想的更多，也就意味着二者的差异比我们之前认为的更小。A选项“有共同爱好”原文没有相关表述；C选项“拥有共同的肢体语言”表述错误，二者是能读懂对方的肢体语言，并非本身肢体语言一致；D选项“不如预想中聪明”和原文“both cats and dogs have appeared to become smarter”相悖，因此选B。
4. 推理判断题：根据最后一段“If cats and dogs can learn to get along, why can't people do?”可知，这项研究最终指向人际交往的启示：连原本容易起冲突的猫狗都能学会友好共处，人类也应该学会和他人和睦相处。B选项“多了解动物”、C选项“和动物和平共处”都不是文章最终的引申指向；D选项“多学习肢体语言”是非常表面的解读，不符合主旨，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
细节信息定位，语篇主旨推断，跨语境迁移理解
【点评】
这是一篇贴近生活的科普类阅读，题目设置以基础细节题为主，仅最后两道为低难度推理题，大部分答案都能在原文直接找到对应依据，既考察学生快速定位文本信息的能力，也引导学生从动物研究的结论延伸思考人际交往的道理，符合英语学科核心素养的要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
