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八、阅读并回答问题
2025无锡期中改编All living things need energy and animals get it from their food. But do you know how energy is transferred among living things?
Animals get energy in different ways. Plants, known as producers, get their energy from sunshine. Animals must eat plants or other animals to live. For example, snails and insects like grasshoppers feed on plants to get the energy they need. In turn, these animals can be the food of bigger animals, like birds or frogs. But they are not the final bosses—foxes are.
When they get energy from other living things, they will also get some harmful substances. That means the higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.
In a food chain, animals that consume plants as their main food are called elementary consumers, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails. In most food chains, elementary consumers become food of secondary consumers. For example, a small fish can eat algae and then be eaten by a bigger fish. Tertiary consumers are the third level in a food chain, like snakes or sea lions. Energy is passed at each stage of the food chain until it reaches the top predators, like lions or sharks.
Food chains are important for a healthy environment. If one part of the food chain is changed, it can cause problems for the whole chain. For example, insects are very important for frogs. Studies show that the number of insects has dropped by about 40% in the past 30 years because of the overuse of pesticide. Without enough insects, frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop. This can lead to fewer snakes, as snakes depend on frogs for food. Finally, eagles, which eat snakes, may also see a drop in their numbers.
In conclusion, each part of the food chain plays an important part. Let's work together to protect the balance of nature and ensure a healthy planet for all living things.
1. What do plants get their energy from?
2. Which animals are called elementary consumers in a food chain?
3. What will happen if the number of insects drops because of the overuse of pesticide?
4. What does the passage say about the relationship between the position in a food chain and harmful substances?
5. What can we do to keep the balance of nature based on the passage?
2025无锡期中改编All living things need energy and animals get it from their food. But do you know how energy is transferred among living things?
Animals get energy in different ways. Plants, known as producers, get their energy from sunshine. Animals must eat plants or other animals to live. For example, snails and insects like grasshoppers feed on plants to get the energy they need. In turn, these animals can be the food of bigger animals, like birds or frogs. But they are not the final bosses—foxes are.
When they get energy from other living things, they will also get some harmful substances. That means the higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.
In a food chain, animals that consume plants as their main food are called elementary consumers, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails. In most food chains, elementary consumers become food of secondary consumers. For example, a small fish can eat algae and then be eaten by a bigger fish. Tertiary consumers are the third level in a food chain, like snakes or sea lions. Energy is passed at each stage of the food chain until it reaches the top predators, like lions or sharks.
Food chains are important for a healthy environment. If one part of the food chain is changed, it can cause problems for the whole chain. For example, insects are very important for frogs. Studies show that the number of insects has dropped by about 40% in the past 30 years because of the overuse of pesticide. Without enough insects, frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop. This can lead to fewer snakes, as snakes depend on frogs for food. Finally, eagles, which eat snakes, may also see a drop in their numbers.
In conclusion, each part of the food chain plays an important part. Let's work together to protect the balance of nature and ensure a healthy planet for all living things.
1. What do plants get their energy from?
Sunshine.
2. Which animals are called elementary consumers in a food chain?
Animals that consume plants as their main food, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails.
3. What will happen if the number of insects drops because of the overuse of pesticide?
Frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop.
4. What does the passage say about the relationship between the position in a food chain and harmful substances?
The higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.
5. What can we do to keep the balance of nature based on the passage?
We can reduce the use of pesticide to protect insects.(言之有理即可)
答案
八、【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了食物链中每
个部分的重要性并呼吁我们携手维持自
然的平衡。
1. Sunshine.
2. Animals that consume plants as their
main food, such as deer, grasshoppers,
and snails.
3. Frogs will have less food to eat, and
their numbers will drop.
4. The higher the living things are in a food
chain, the larger amount of harmful
substances they will get.
5. We can reduce the use of pesticide to
protect insects.(言之有理即可)
个部分的重要性并呼吁我们携手维持自
然的平衡。
1. Sunshine.
2. Animals that consume plants as their
main food, such as deer, grasshoppers,
and snails.
3. Frogs will have less food to eat, and
their numbers will drop.
4. The higher the living things are in a food
chain, the larger amount of harmful
substances they will get.
5. We can reduce the use of pesticide to
protect insects.(言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题时需遵循以下思路：
1. 先浏览所有题目，明确每道题的考查点，带着问题去原文中寻找对应内容，提高解题效率；
2. 对于细节查找类题目（第1、2、3、4题），要精准定位原文中的关键语句，直接提取或整合语句作为答案，确保答案准确贴合原文；
3. 对于开放性问题（第5题），需结合文章中给出的具体案例（如过度使用农药破坏食物链），总结出合理可行的保护自然平衡的措施，答案需言之有理。
具体到各题：
第1题：锁定“plants get energy”的相关描述，在第二段找到对应内容；
第2题：定位“elementary consumers”的定义，查看第四段开头的解释；
第3题：寻找“insects number drops due to pesticide”的影响，在第五段的举例中提取关键信息；
第4题：查找食物链位置与有害物质的关系，在第三段找到结论性语句；
第5题：结合文章中农药危害的例子，提出针对性的保护措施。
【解析】
1. 原文第二段明确提到“Plants, known as producers, get their energy from sunshine.”，直接提取“Sunshine”作为答案。
2. 原文第四段指出“In a food chain, animals that consume plants as their main food are called elementary consumers, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails.”，整合该语句即为答案。
3. 根据原文第五段“Without enough insects, frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop.”，提取该内容作为答案。
4. 原文第三段给出结论“That means the higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.”，直接引用该句作为答案。
5. 从文章第五段可知过度使用农药会破坏食物链，因此可提出“We can reduce the use of pesticide to protect insects.”这类合理措施，其他言之有理的答案也可。
【答案】
1. Sunshine.
2. Animals that consume plants as their main food, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails.
3. Frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop.
4. The higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.
5. We can reduce the use of pesticide to protect insects.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 科普文信息提取
3. 开放性问题作答
【点评】
本文围绕食物链展开科普，题目设置侧重基础能力考查，既需要学生精准提取原文细节，又要求学生结合文章内容进行简单推理。通过这类题目，学生不仅能掌握阅读理解的解题技巧，还能增强环保意识，了解自然平衡的重要性。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题时需遵循以下思路：
1. 先浏览所有题目，明确每道题的考查点，带着问题去原文中寻找对应内容，提高解题效率；
2. 对于细节查找类题目（第1、2、3、4题），要精准定位原文中的关键语句，直接提取或整合语句作为答案，确保答案准确贴合原文；
3. 对于开放性问题（第5题），需结合文章中给出的具体案例（如过度使用农药破坏食物链），总结出合理可行的保护自然平衡的措施，答案需言之有理。
具体到各题：
第1题：锁定“plants get energy”的相关描述，在第二段找到对应内容；
第2题：定位“elementary consumers”的定义，查看第四段开头的解释；
第3题：寻找“insects number drops due to pesticide”的影响，在第五段的举例中提取关键信息；
第4题：查找食物链位置与有害物质的关系，在第三段找到结论性语句；
第5题：结合文章中农药危害的例子，提出针对性的保护措施。
【解析】
1. 原文第二段明确提到“Plants, known as producers, get their energy from sunshine.”，直接提取“Sunshine”作为答案。
2. 原文第四段指出“In a food chain, animals that consume plants as their main food are called elementary consumers, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails.”，整合该语句即为答案。
3. 根据原文第五段“Without enough insects, frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop.”，提取该内容作为答案。
4. 原文第三段给出结论“That means the higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.”，直接引用该句作为答案。
5. 从文章第五段可知过度使用农药会破坏食物链，因此可提出“We can reduce the use of pesticide to protect insects.”这类合理措施，其他言之有理的答案也可。
【答案】
1. Sunshine.
2. Animals that consume plants as their main food, such as deer, grasshoppers, and snails.
3. Frogs will have less food to eat, and their numbers will drop.
4. The higher the living things are in a food chain, the larger amount of harmful substances they will get.
5. We can reduce the use of pesticide to protect insects.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 科普文信息提取
3. 开放性问题作答
【点评】
本文围绕食物链展开科普，题目设置侧重基础能力考查，既需要学生精准提取原文细节，又要求学生结合文章内容进行简单推理。通过这类题目，学生不仅能掌握阅读理解的解题技巧，还能增强环保意识，了解自然平衡的重要性。
【难度系数】
0.6
九、书面表达
2025常州溧阳期末假如你是李华,你的网友汤姆来信和你讨论有关环境保护的事,请根据来信内容用英文给他写一封90个词左右的回信,文章开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
以下是信件内容:
Dear Li Hua,
I hear your hometown Liyang is a beautiful city. I'm really interested in how people there protect the environment in their daily lives. Could you please share some of your ways with me? For example, what good habits do you have to save resources? How do you reduce pollution in your daily life? Also, I wonder what kind of transportation you usually choose.
I'm looking forward to learning from your ways of environmental protection!
Best wishes,
Tom
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to share my environmental protection experiences with you.
These small steps really matter. Look forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
2025常州溧阳期末假如你是李华,你的网友汤姆来信和你讨论有关环境保护的事,请根据来信内容用英文给他写一封90个词左右的回信,文章开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
以下是信件内容:
Dear Li Hua,
I hear your hometown Liyang is a beautiful city. I'm really interested in how people there protect the environment in their daily lives. Could you please share some of your ways with me? For example, what good habits do you have to save resources? How do you reduce pollution in your daily life? Also, I wonder what kind of transportation you usually choose.
I'm looking forward to learning from your ways of environmental protection!
Best wishes,
Tom
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to share my environmental protection experiences with you.
First, to save resources, I make sure to turn off lights when they're not in use and take short showers to conserve water.
Second, to reduce pollution, I always carry a reusable bag to avoid plastic bags and sort garbage for recycling.
Finally, as for transportation, I prefer to walk or ride a bike for short distances.
When going further, I take the bus. It not only cuts down on emissions but also allows me to enjoy the views on the way. It's good for both the environment and my health.
These small steps really matter. Look forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
答案
九、One possible version:
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to
share my environmental protection experiences
with you.
First, to save resources, I make sure
to turn off lights when they're not in use
and take short showers to conserve water.
Second, to reduce pollution, I always
carry a reusable bag to avoid plastic bags
and sort garbage for recycling.
Finally, as for transportation, I prefer
to walk or ride a bike for short distances.
When going further, I take the bus. It not
only cuts down on emissions but also allows
me to enjoy the views on the way. It's good
for both the environment and my health.
These small steps really matter. Look
forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to
share my environmental protection experiences
with you.
First, to save resources, I make sure
to turn off lights when they're not in use
and take short showers to conserve water.
Second, to reduce pollution, I always
carry a reusable bag to avoid plastic bags
and sort garbage for recycling.
Finally, as for transportation, I prefer
to walk or ride a bike for short distances.
When going further, I take the bus. It not
only cuts down on emissions but also allows
me to enjoy the views on the way. It's good
for both the environment and my health.
These small steps really matter. Look
forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
解析
【分析】
首先，需紧扣Tom来信的三个核心问题展开回信：节约资源的好习惯、减少污染的日常做法、常用交通方式。第一步，用清晰的逻辑连接词（如First, Second, Finally）划分内容，让结构更条理；第二步，每个部分选择贴近生活的具体例子，确保内容真实可感；第三步，控制词数，使用简洁地道的英语，符合书信亲切自然的语气，最后呼应主题强调小举措的重要性。
【解析】
1. 承接已给开头，明确表明愿意分享环保经验；
2. 第一点（节约资源）：用“First”引出，具体描述随手关灯、短淋浴节水的日常习惯；
3. 第二点（减少污染）：用“Second”衔接，举例自带环保袋、垃圾分类回收的做法；
4. 第三点（交通方式）：用“Finally”过渡，说明短途步行或骑车、长途乘坐公交的选择，并补充该方式对环境和健康的益处；
5. 承接已给结尾，强调这些小行为的重要性。
【答案】
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to
share my environmental protection experiences
with you.
First, to save resources, I make sure
to turn off lights when they're not in use
and take short showers to conserve water.
Second, to reduce pollution, I always
carry a reusable bag to avoid plastic bags
and sort garbage for recycling.
Finally, as for transportation, I prefer
to walk or ride a bike for short distances.
When going further, I take the bus. It not
only cuts down on emissions but also allows
me to enjoy the views on the way. It's good
for both the environment and my health.
These small steps really matter. Look
forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【知识点】
1. 环保类英语表达
2. 英语书信写作
3. 日常行为英语描述
【点评】
这篇回信紧扣来信核心问题，结构清晰、逻辑连贯，用具体生活实例回应环保的三个维度，语言地道准确，既符合书信交际要求，又清晰传递环保理念，词数也契合题目要求，是一篇规范的范文。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，需紧扣Tom来信的三个核心问题展开回信：节约资源的好习惯、减少污染的日常做法、常用交通方式。第一步，用清晰的逻辑连接词（如First, Second, Finally）划分内容，让结构更条理；第二步，每个部分选择贴近生活的具体例子，确保内容真实可感；第三步，控制词数，使用简洁地道的英语，符合书信亲切自然的语气，最后呼应主题强调小举措的重要性。
【解析】
1. 承接已给开头，明确表明愿意分享环保经验；
2. 第一点（节约资源）：用“First”引出，具体描述随手关灯、短淋浴节水的日常习惯；
3. 第二点（减少污染）：用“Second”衔接，举例自带环保袋、垃圾分类回收的做法；
4. 第三点（交通方式）：用“Finally”过渡，说明短途步行或骑车、长途乘坐公交的选择，并补充该方式对环境和健康的益处；
5. 承接已给结尾，强调这些小行为的重要性。
【答案】
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
Glad to hear from you! I'm happy to
share my environmental protection experiences
with you.
First, to save resources, I make sure
to turn off lights when they're not in use
and take short showers to conserve water.
Second, to reduce pollution, I always
carry a reusable bag to avoid plastic bags
and sort garbage for recycling.
Finally, as for transportation, I prefer
to walk or ride a bike for short distances.
When going further, I take the bus. It not
only cuts down on emissions but also allows
me to enjoy the views on the way. It's good
for both the environment and my health.
These small steps really matter. Look
forward to your reply!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【知识点】
1. 环保类英语表达
2. 英语书信写作
3. 日常行为英语描述
【点评】
这篇回信紧扣来信核心问题，结构清晰、逻辑连贯，用具体生活实例回应环保的三个维度，语言地道准确，既符合书信交际要求，又清晰传递环保理念，词数也契合题目要求，是一篇规范的范文。
【难度系数】
0.6
