Ⅳ. 阅读短文，完成表格。
What Causes the Earth to Shake?
Why do earthquakes happen? Before science was able to explain them, cultural legends tried to account for their origins. Let's look at some famous earthquake myths(神话).
China
Some ancient Chinese believed that earthquakes were caused by the "imbalance(失衡) of yin and yang". They were directly related to the bad acts of human beings. Earthquakes were considered as a warning from Heaven to human beings. It was thought that the energy of yin and yang, or that between Heaven and Earth, required balance. It was believed that earthquakes arose when the balance between yin and yang was lost.
Greece
In Greek mythology(神话), earthquakes occurred when Poseidon was very angry. His anger caused not only earthquakes but also tsunamis(海啸). Poseidon was also the ancient Greek god of horses, the sea, rivers, floods and droughts. He held a trident(三叉戟) and was described in mythology as a powerfully built(体格健壮的) man. In ancient Greek texts, Poseidon was said to hit the ground with his powerful weapon and then earthquakes were created.
India
The ancient Indians thought that the Earth was carried by several elephants standing on the back of a great turtle. The elephants were Guozeng, Qingjing, Zengzhang and Erming, and it would cause earthquakes whenever the four elephants shook.
What Causes the Earth to Shake?
Why do earthquakes happen? Before science was able to explain them, cultural legends tried to account for their origins. Let's look at some famous earthquake myths(神话).
China
Some ancient Chinese believed that earthquakes were caused by the "imbalance(失衡) of yin and yang". They were directly related to the bad acts of human beings. Earthquakes were considered as a warning from Heaven to human beings. It was thought that the energy of yin and yang, or that between Heaven and Earth, required balance. It was believed that earthquakes arose when the balance between yin and yang was lost.
Greece
In Greek mythology(神话), earthquakes occurred when Poseidon was very angry. His anger caused not only earthquakes but also tsunamis(海啸). Poseidon was also the ancient Greek god of horses, the sea, rivers, floods and droughts. He held a trident(三叉戟) and was described in mythology as a powerfully built(体格健壮的) man. In ancient Greek texts, Poseidon was said to hit the ground with his powerful weapon and then earthquakes were created.
India
The ancient Indians thought that the Earth was carried by several elephants standing on the back of a great turtle. The elephants were Guozeng, Qingjing, Zengzhang and Erming, and it would cause earthquakes whenever the four elephants shook.
答案
Ⅳ. 1. earthquakes 2. science 3. countries 4. China 5. lost 6. Heaven 7. angry 8. hitting 9. Four/Several 10. whenever
解析
【解析】
本题为阅读信息提取类题目，需根据短文里不同国家关于地震成因的神话内容，定位原文对应信息完成填空：
1. 由短文标题和首段可知，表格主题是关于地震的成因神话；
2. 从首段“Before science was able to explain them”可定位答案；
3. 表格呈现的是中国、希腊、印度三个国家的相关神话；
4. 第一个介绍的国家是中国；
5. 中国部分原文提到“when the balance between yin and yang was lost”；
6. 中国部分原文指出地震是来自上天给人类的警示；
7. 希腊部分说明波塞冬生气时会引发地震；
8. 希腊部分提到波塞冬用三叉戟击打地面制造地震，by后接动名词形式；
9. 印度部分提到支撑地球的是四头/几头大象；
10. 印度部分说明无论何时大象晃动，就会引发地震。
【答案】
1. earthquakes
2. science
3. countries
4. China
5. lost
6. Heaven
7. angry
8. hitting
9. Four/Several
10. whenever
【知识点】
信息提取匹配、神话文化常识、表格类阅读
【点评】
本题以表格形式梳理不同国家的地震起源神话，既考查学生在阅读中快速定位、提取关键信息的能力，也能帮助学生了解不同地区的传统文化与神话认知，兼具知识性与趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为阅读信息提取类题目，需根据短文里不同国家关于地震成因的神话内容，定位原文对应信息完成填空：
1. 由短文标题和首段可知，表格主题是关于地震的成因神话；
2. 从首段“Before science was able to explain them”可定位答案；
3. 表格呈现的是中国、希腊、印度三个国家的相关神话；
4. 第一个介绍的国家是中国；
5. 中国部分原文提到“when the balance between yin and yang was lost”；
6. 中国部分原文指出地震是来自上天给人类的警示；
7. 希腊部分说明波塞冬生气时会引发地震；
8. 希腊部分提到波塞冬用三叉戟击打地面制造地震，by后接动名词形式；
9. 印度部分提到支撑地球的是四头/几头大象；
10. 印度部分说明无论何时大象晃动，就会引发地震。
【答案】
1. earthquakes
2. science
3. countries
4. China
5. lost
6. Heaven
7. angry
8. hitting
9. Four/Several
10. whenever
【知识点】
信息提取匹配、神话文化常识、表格类阅读
【点评】
本题以表格形式梳理不同国家的地震起源神话，既考查学生在阅读中快速定位、提取关键信息的能力，也能帮助学生了解不同地区的传统文化与神话认知，兼具知识性与趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.8
