(三)含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换。
11. Do you know the man who is holding a book in his hand?
Do you know the man ?
12. The girl who wears a red skirt is my sister.
The girl is my sister.
13. I prefer to stay in a hotel which has a sea view.
I prefer to stay in a hotel .
14. The men who carry air tanks on their backs are astronauts.
The men are astronauts.
15. My English teacher is that young lady who has long straight hair.
That young lady is my English teacher.

11. with/holding a book in his hand
12. in/wearing a red skirt 13. with a sea view
14. with/carrying air tanks on their backs
15. with long straight hair

【分析】
这道题的核心考点是把作后置定语的定语从句简化为简单句的修饰成分，解题思路非常清晰：首先先定位每句中修饰先行词的定语从句，这些从句要么是表示先行词主动发出的动作，要么是描述先行词的伴随、属性状态，有两种通用替换方法：1. 去掉定语从句里的关系代词who/which和对应的be动词，把从句的谓语动词变为现在分词，直接用现在分词短语作后置定语；2. 用with/in引导的介词伴随短语直接替换整个定语从句，保留原句描述的物品、状态信息，不需要改动其他句子成分，就能把复合句变为简单句。
【解析】
这类转换的核心是将修饰名词的定语从句简化为非谓语动词短语或者介词引导的伴随短语，逐题推导如下：
11. 原句定语从句who is holding a book in his hand修饰the man，既可以去掉who is保留现在分词短语holding a book in his hand，也可以用with引导的伴随结构with a book in his hand替换，两种表达都符合要求。
12. 原句定语从句who wears a red skirt修饰the girl，既可以转换为现在分词短语wearing a red skirt，也可以用in加服饰的固定结构in a red skirt表示“穿着红裙子”的状态。
13. 原句定语从句which has a sea view修饰hotel，表酒店带有海景的属性，直接用with a sea view这个介词短语替换即可。
14. 原句定语从句who carry air tanks on their backs修饰the men，既可以转换为现在分词短语carrying air tanks on their backs，也可以用with引导的伴随结构with air tanks on their backs替换。
15. 原句定语从句who has long straight hair修饰that young lady，描述女士的外貌特征，直接用with long straight hair的介词短语替换即可。
【答案】
11. with/holding a book in his hand
12. in/wearing a red skirt
13. with a sea view
14. with/carrying air tanks on their backs
15. with long straight hair
【知识点】
定语从句简化，分词作定语，with伴随结构
【点评】
本题属于句式转换的基础题型，熟练掌握这类转换不仅能加深对定语从句修饰功能的理解，还能在英语写作中灵活替换冗余的复杂从句，让表达更简洁多样，解题时注意不要遗漏原定语从句里的关键信息即可。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Space station rice tests show hope
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings on the Tiangong space station.
The rice experiment being done on Tiangong is the 1 (one) of its kind. Its purpose is 2 (produce) the complete life cycle of the plant. The cycle 3 (begin) with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds.

China sent the *Wentian* space lab 4 space on 24th July 2022. The space lab 5 (weigh) 23,000 kg and is 17.9 metres long. It is the 6 (big) spacecraft in our country 7 now.
" 8 we want to land on and explore Mars, food brought from the Earth is not enough for the astronauts' long journey in space. We have to find methods 9 (stay) away from hunger during the space explorations," said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher 10 the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. first 2. to produce 3. begins 4. into 5. weighs
6. biggest 7. until/till 8. If 9. to stay 10. at

【分析】
这是一篇结合航天热点语境的语法填空题，解题时可以逐个结合语法规则、固定搭配和上下文语义推导答案：
1. 第1空空前有定冠词the，要表达“首个同类实验”的含义，基数词one要转换为序数词first；
2. 第2空是表语结构，固定表达the purpose is to do sth表示“目的是做某事”，要用不定式作表语；
3. 第3空主语The cycle是第三人称单数，后文并列谓语ends是一般现在时，所以谓语动词begin要变为三单形式；
4. 第4空是固定搭配“send sth into space”表示“将某物送入太空”，填入对应的介词；
5. 第5空主语The space lab是第三人称单数，后文并列的系动词is是一般现在时，weigh要变为三单形式；
6. 第6空空前有定冠词the，后文给出范围in our country，要用形容词最高级表示“国内最大的航天器”；
7. 第7空是固定短语until/till now，表示“直到现在”；
8. 第8空前后是条件逻辑：“如果我们想要登陆探索火星，从地球携带的食物无法满足宇航员长途太空旅行的需求”，填入引导条件状语从句的连词，句首首字母大写；
9. 第9空是固定结构methods to do sth，表示“做某事的方法”，不定式作后置定语修饰methods；
10. 第10空表示“中国科学院的研究员”，在某科研机构前用介词at。
【解析】
1. 此处表示这类实验的首例，定冠词the后接序数词，one的序数词形式为first；
2. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，符合the purpose is to do的固定用法，填to produce；
3. 句子描述客观规律，用一般现在时，主语The cycle为第三人称单数，谓语动词begin变为begins；
4. 固定搭配send...into space意为“把……送入太空”，填介词into；
5. 句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The space lab为第三人称单数，谓语动词weigh变为weighs；
6. 范围限定在我国所有航天器中，要用形容词最高级，big的最高级形式为biggest；
7. 固定短语until/till now意为“直到现在”，符合语境；
8. 此处引导条件状语从句，表达“如果”的含义，句首首字母大写，填If；
9. 不定式作后置定语修饰名词methods，表“做某事的方法”，填to stay；
10. 表示在某科研机构，用介词at，at the Chinese Academy of Sciences意为“在中国科学院”。
【答案】
1. first 2. to produce 3. begins 4. into 5. weighs
6. biggest 7. until/till 8. If 9. to stay 10. at
【知识点】
序数词转换，非谓语动词，固定介词搭配
【点评】
本题结合天宫空间站水稻种植的热点新闻设置语境，考点覆盖初中英语核心的词形变换、时态、固定搭配和状语从句引导词，整体侧重基础语法应用，只要学生掌握常见的固定句型和基础语法规则就可以顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、完形填空。(2025·江苏连云港赣榆区一模)
I attended school in China for four years and for another six years in Canada. There are two teachers from these countries that really impressed me even though they are very 1.
When I 2 to Canada, I couldn't even order food on the flight. After two months on an ESL(English as a Second Language) course, I got my first 3 card. My mark in English was 65. I was very 4. I couldn't 5 what would be said at the parent-teacher interview.
"Hello!" Mrs Franceschini welcomed my parents. "Richard just came to Canada a few months ago. I am amazed at how his English has 6 so fast," she said. "On his first day, he was very shy and only used 7 words. Now he can answer and ask questions by using whole sentences."
8 many other Chinese parents, my mum asked if she could give me extra homework. "Don't worry. Richard is already working very hard," Mrs Franceschini laughed. Then she shook my hand. "Richard, you did a good job. I am 9 of you!" she said.
Back in Shanghai, my teacher Miss Li was very 10. In a test, my average(平均分) was 97, top of the class. I was proud to take my parents 11 the interview.
Miss Li told my parents, "Feng Yu is doing pretty well. But because of his 12, he lost 3 points in Maths. Otherwise he would be the top of the school."
I thought she was being 13 to me. But when I was about to leave, I realized Miss Li was very nice. She hosted a party for me and gave me a big card. Her phone number and email address were on the card. "Feng Yu, you are my best student. I 14 you a successful life," she wrote. "If you want to talk or need any help, I am always here for you."
Miss Li and Mrs Franceschini are both great teachers, just in different ways. One built up my learning abilities, and 15 gave me tons of confidence and made learning enjoyable. I'm proud to have had them as my teachers.
()1. A. kind
B. strict
C. similar
D. different
()2. A. moved
B. arrived
C. reached
D. visited
()3. A. birthday
B. green
C. report
D. ID
()4. A. satisfied
B. upset
C. serious
D. careful
()5. A. imagine
B. tell
C. wonder
D. doubt
()6. A. changed
B. improved
C. spoken
D. increased
()7. A. long
B. popular
C. simple
D. complete
()8. A. With
B. Except
C. Against
D. Like
()9. A. proud
B. certain
C. afraid
D. free
()10. A. patient
B. strict
C. friendly
D. hard-working
()11. A. in
B. off
C. to
D. up
()12. A. method
B. action
C. habit
D. carelessness
()13. A. unfair
B. nice
C. crazy
D. polite
()14. A. hope
B. prepare
C. offer
D. wish
()15. A. other
B. the other
C. another
D. the others

1. D 【点拨】根据下文“Miss Li and Mrs Franceschini are both great teachers，just in different ways.”可知此处是说她们是不同的。故选 D。
2. A 【点拨】moved to Canada 搬到了加拿大。其他选项不与 to 连用。故选 A。
3. C 【点拨】根据上文“After two months on an ESL（English as a Second Language）course”和下文“My mark in English was 65.”可知，此处是第一张报告单。故选 C。
4. B 【点拨】根据上文“My mark in English was 65.”可知此处是“我”很沮丧。故选 B。
5. A 【点拨】根据下文“what would be said at the parent-teacher interview”可知此处是说“我”无法想象。故选 A。
6. B 【点拨】根据下文“On his first day，he was very shy and only used 7 words. Now he can answer and ask questions by using whole sentences.”可知空处是提高。故选 B。
7. C 【点拨】根据上文“he was very shy”可知此处是简单的单词。故选 C。
8. D 【点拨】根据下文“my mum asked if she could give me extra homework”可知此处是说像许多其他中国家长一样。故选 D。
9. A 【点拨】根据上文“Richard，you did a good job.”可知此处是“我”以你为傲。故选 A。
10. B 【点拨】根据下文“Feng Yu is doing pretty well. But because of his 12，he lost 3 points in Maths. Otherwise he would be the top of the school.”可知这里是说李老师是非常严格的。故选 B。
11. C 【点拨】take sb. to...带某人去……。故选 C。
12. D 【点拨】根据下文“he lost 3 points in Maths. Otherwise he would be the top of the school.”可知空处是粗心。故选 D。
13. A 【点拨】根据下文“But when I was about to leave，I realized Miss Li was very nice. She hosted a party for me and gave me a big card.”可知空处是不公平的。故选 A。
14. D 【点拨】wish sb. sth.祝愿某人某事。故选 D。
15. B 【点拨】此处指的是两位老师，应用“one... the other”结构。故选 B。

【分析】
这是一篇记叙类完形填空，解题时第一步先通读全文梳理故事主线：作者回忆自己在中国和加拿大求学时遇到的两位风格迥异的优秀老师，明确文章核心主旨是两位老师用不同方式给自己带来了积极影响。第二步逐空解题，优先抓取上下文给出的线索提示，比如首尾段直接点明两位老师的特质是不同的，可直接对应首空答案；再结合词义辨析、固定搭配排除不符合语境的错误选项，比如动词和介词的搭配、描述两者范围的one...the other代词结构等。最后将选定的答案代入全文通读，验证逻辑通顺、语义连贯，确认没有矛盾即可。
【解析】
1. 根据全文最后一段"Miss Li and Mrs Franceschini are both great teachers, just in different ways"的提示，可知两位老师是非常不同的，A友善的、B严格的、C相似的均不符合后文提示，选D。
2. 句意为"当我搬到加拿大的时候，我甚至在飞机上都不会点餐"，move to+地点表示"搬到某地"；arrive、reach后面接地点不需要加to，visit语义不符合语境，选A。
3. 根据后文"My mark in English was 65"提到了分数，可知这里是拿到了第一张成绩单，report card是固定表达"成绩单"，生日卡、绿卡、身份证均不符合语境，选C。
4. 自己的英语分数只有65，对应的情绪应该是沮丧的，A满意的、C严肃的、D仔细的均不符合低分的情绪逻辑，选B。
5. 句意为"我无法想象家长会老师会说什么"，imagine表示想象，符合语境，B告知、C想知道、D怀疑均不符合语义，选A。
6. 根据后文描述从只会说简单词到能说完整句子，可知这里是英语进步很快，improve表示提升、进步，A改变语义太宽泛，C后面不需要接so fast，D增加不用于描述语言能力，均不符合，选B。
7. 刚到加拿大很害羞，只会用简单的单词，simple表示简单的，符合刚到的语言状态，A长的、B流行的、D完整的均不符合，选C。
8. 句意为"像很多其他中国家长一样，我妈妈问能不能给我布置额外的作业"，like表示像，符合语境，A和、B除了、C反对均不符合，选D。
9. 前文老师说"你做得很好"，固定搭配be proud of表示"以...为傲"，B确定、C害怕、D自由的均不符合，选A。
10. 根据后文李老师指出作者因为粗心丢了3分，本来可以是全校第一，能看出李老师非常严格，A耐心的、C友善的、D勤奋的均不符合后文提示，选B。
11. 固定搭配take sb. to sp.表示"带某人去某地"，这里指带父母去参加家长会，选C。
12. 数学丢了3分，不是能力问题，是粗心导致的，carelessness表示粗心，A方法、B行动、C习惯均不符合丢分的原因逻辑，选D。
13. 后文转折说后来发现李老师人很好，说明一开始作者觉得李老师对自己不公平，只指出了丢分的点，A不公平的符合语境，选A。
14. 固定搭配wish sb. sth.表示"祝愿某人..."，这里是老师祝愿作者拥有成功的人生，hope不能接双宾语，选D。
15. 前文提到一共两位老师，固定结构one...the other...表示"一个...另一个..."，用于两者范围，选B。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.B
【知识点】语境逻辑推理；固定搭配辨析；代词用法辨析
【点评】本篇完形填空选取贴近学生校园生活的叙事素材，考点覆盖初中英语核心的词义辨析、固定搭配和上下文线索抓取能力，整体故事脉络清晰，大部分题目都能在前后文找到明确提示，少数易错题集中在近义动词的搭配区分，比如hope和wish的用法差异，需要学生跳出单句理解，结合全文主旨判断选项，避免断章取义选错。
【难度系数】0.65