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Ⅴ. 阅读理解
（原创）① It's hard to believe that Beijing struggled for every drop of water. Forty years ago, boating was considered a luxury, not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water.
②Back then, most rivers in northern China were seasonal, running only during rainy seasons. For a long time, I didn't realize Beijing even had rivers. All I saw and smelled were dirty drainage ditches(排水沟). The government tried hard to bring clean water from faraway reservoirs just to keep taps(水龙头) running.
③ Later, the government launched a nationwide environmental project. Some people doubted the project, but the results spoke for themselves. Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways.
④Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(南水北调工程). It carries water from the Yangtze River to the dry plains of North China. Recently, the government announces that boat routes along the city's rivers and lakes have reached over 80 kilometers, and a new project would lengthen them to 100 km in the future.
⑤ Water abundance（充足） has changed Beijing's environment and lifestyle. Years ago, we could only tell our children that the dry channels were actually rivers. They always felt confused and asked, “How can a river be without water?!” Now, we can take our grandchildren to riverside parks to relax. As we sit there, I often point to the clear water and say, “Your parents could only imagine this in the past.”
⑥ Walking along these clean rivers now feels like a dream. I never thought I would see such clear water in Beijing. We have spent decades making it a reality. As responsible citizens, we should save and protect water so future generations can enjoy its abundance.
1. What does the underlined word “luxury” probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A. something clean and beautiful
B. something cheap and common
C. something dangerous and terrible
D. something unusual and expensive
2. 语言能力 理解能力 According to the passage, what can we know about the water diversion project?
A. It wastes too much money.
B. It has improved water quality.
C. People believed it could succeed at first.
D. It make rivers run during rainy seasons.
3. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the right structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤/⑥
B. ①/②③/④⑤/⑥
C. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥
D. ①/②/③④/⑤/⑥
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Boating in Beijing
B. Saving Water in Daily Life
C. Water Changes in Beijing
D. Dirty Rivers in North China
（原创）① It's hard to believe that Beijing struggled for every drop of water. Forty years ago, boating was considered a luxury, not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water.
②Back then, most rivers in northern China were seasonal, running only during rainy seasons. For a long time, I didn't realize Beijing even had rivers. All I saw and smelled were dirty drainage ditches(排水沟). The government tried hard to bring clean water from faraway reservoirs just to keep taps(水龙头) running.
③ Later, the government launched a nationwide environmental project. Some people doubted the project, but the results spoke for themselves. Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways.
④Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(南水北调工程). It carries water from the Yangtze River to the dry plains of North China. Recently, the government announces that boat routes along the city's rivers and lakes have reached over 80 kilometers, and a new project would lengthen them to 100 km in the future.
⑤ Water abundance（充足） has changed Beijing's environment and lifestyle. Years ago, we could only tell our children that the dry channels were actually rivers. They always felt confused and asked, “How can a river be without water?!” Now, we can take our grandchildren to riverside parks to relax. As we sit there, I often point to the clear water and say, “Your parents could only imagine this in the past.”
⑥ Walking along these clean rivers now feels like a dream. I never thought I would see such clear water in Beijing. We have spent decades making it a reality. As responsible citizens, we should save and protect water so future generations can enjoy its abundance.
1. What does the underlined word “luxury” probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A. something clean and beautiful
B. something cheap and common
C. something dangerous and terrible
D. something unusual and expensive
2. 语言能力 理解能力 According to the passage, what can we know about the water diversion project?
A. It wastes too much money.
B. It has improved water quality.
C. People believed it could succeed at first.
D. It make rivers run during rainy seasons.
3. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the right structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④/⑤/⑥
B. ①/②③/④⑤/⑥
C. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥
D. ①/②/③④/⑤/⑥
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Boating in Beijing
B. Saving Water in Daily Life
C. Water Changes in Beijing
D. Dirty Rivers in North China
答案
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,通过作者的亲身经历讲述了北京水资源从短缺匮乏到充足洁净的巨大变化,介绍了相关治理工程并呼吁大家保护水资源。
1. D 解析:词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water”可知,四十年前划船不仅昂贵而且因缺水难以实现,因此是一种“不寻常且昂贵”的事。luxury在此语境中并非指“奢侈品”,而是指“难得且奢侈的享受”。故选D。
2. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways.”及第四段“Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.”可知,该工程显著改善了水质。故选B。
3. C 解析:篇章结构题。第一段总述北京曾经缺水的状况;第二段具体描述过去水资源短缺、河道脏乱的景象;第三、四段介绍政府环境治理项目与南水北调工程带来的改变;第五、六段讲述水资源变化带来的生活改变并呼吁保护水资源。文章结构为:引出话题—描述过去—介绍改变—影响与展望,对应①/②/③④/⑤⑥的结构。故选C。
4. C 解析:标题归纳题。全文围绕北京水资源从短缺到充足、从河道脏乱到清澈的变化展开叙述,通过作者的个人经历展现这一巨大转变。选项C“北京的水之变”准确概括了文章核心内容。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,通过作者的亲身经历讲述了北京水资源从短缺匮乏到充足洁净的巨大变化,介绍了相关治理工程并呼吁大家保护水资源。
1. D 解析:词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water”可知,四十年前划船不仅昂贵而且因缺水难以实现,因此是一种“不寻常且昂贵”的事。luxury在此语境中并非指“奢侈品”,而是指“难得且奢侈的享受”。故选D。
2. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways.”及第四段“Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.”可知,该工程显著改善了水质。故选B。
3. C 解析:篇章结构题。第一段总述北京曾经缺水的状况;第二段具体描述过去水资源短缺、河道脏乱的景象;第三、四段介绍政府环境治理项目与南水北调工程带来的改变;第五、六段讲述水资源变化带来的生活改变并呼吁保护水资源。文章结构为:引出话题—描述过去—介绍改变—影响与展望,对应①/②/③④/⑤⑥的结构。故选C。
4. C 解析:标题归纳题。全文围绕北京水资源从短缺到充足、从河道脏乱到清澈的变化展开叙述,通过作者的个人经历展现这一巨大转变。选项C“北京的水之变”准确概括了文章核心内容。故选C。
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，共4道小题，分别考查词义猜测、细节理解、篇章结构、标题归纳能力。解题思路：1. 先通读全文把握主旨（北京水资源从短缺到充足的变化）；2. 针对每道题的类型，回到原文定位关键信息，结合语境分析选项：词义猜测题需结合上下文逻辑，细节理解题要精准对应原文内容，篇章结构题需梳理段落间逻辑关系，标题归纳题要提炼全文核心。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第一段“not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water”可知，四十年前划船既昂贵又因缺水难以实现，是“不寻常且昂贵”的事，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways”及第四段“Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project”，可知南水北调工程改善了水质，故选B。
3. 篇章结构题：第一段总述北京过去缺水状况；第二段具体描述过去水资源短缺、河道脏乱的景象；第三、四段介绍政府环境项目与南水北调带来的改变；第五、六段讲述水资源变化带来的生活改变并呼吁保护水资源，结构为①/②/③④/⑤⑥，故选C。
4. 标题归纳题：全文围绕北京水资源从短缺到充足、河道从脏乱到清澈的变化展开，核心是北京的水之变，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解解题技巧、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本文以北京水资源变化为主题，贴近生活实际，题型涵盖阅读理解常见考点，考查学生语篇理解、信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨提炼能力，有助于学生了解城市发展中的环境变化，培养节水意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，共4道小题，分别考查词义猜测、细节理解、篇章结构、标题归纳能力。解题思路：1. 先通读全文把握主旨（北京水资源从短缺到充足的变化）；2. 针对每道题的类型，回到原文定位关键信息，结合语境分析选项：词义猜测题需结合上下文逻辑，细节理解题要精准对应原文内容，篇章结构题需梳理段落间逻辑关系，标题归纳题要提炼全文核心。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第一段“not only because it was costly but also because we were short of water”可知，四十年前划船既昂贵又因缺水难以实现，是“不寻常且昂贵”的事，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Nearly all of China's large and medium-sized cities have cleared away black and smelly water bodies, turning dirty ditches into clean waterways”及第四段“Much of this change is the result of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project”，可知南水北调工程改善了水质，故选B。
3. 篇章结构题：第一段总述北京过去缺水状况；第二段具体描述过去水资源短缺、河道脏乱的景象；第三、四段介绍政府环境项目与南水北调带来的改变；第五、六段讲述水资源变化带来的生活改变并呼吁保护水资源，结构为①/②/③④/⑤⑥，故选C。
4. 标题归纳题：全文围绕北京水资源从短缺到充足、河道从脏乱到清澈的变化展开，核心是北京的水之变，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解解题技巧、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本文以北京水资源变化为主题，贴近生活实际，题型涵盖阅读理解常见考点，考查学生语篇理解、信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨提炼能力，有助于学生了解城市发展中的环境变化，培养节水意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
