A 语法填空
When plastic was invented around the 1860s, people thought it was 1. amazing material. It was light, easy to shape, long-lasting and cheap. It soon took the place 2. wood and other natural materials. People thought it would make life better.
Today, plastic is everywhere—in bags, bottles, 3. (toothbrush), phones, cars and more. It is very 4. (use) and convenient. However, it also has a dark side. Since the 1960s, plastic waste has been found in the ocean. It harms sea animals like whales. This 5. (form) “hero” now kills over 100,000 sea animals each year.
On land, plastic also causes trouble. Birds' wings get 6. (tie) in plastic lines. Bears' heads get stuck in plastic 7. (bin), and cows often mistake it for food. Even humans eat about five grams of plastic each week 8. average—equal to a bank card! Tiny pieces of plastic are in the air we breathe and have even been found as “snow” at the North and South Poles.
Plastic waste is very hard to deal with. It takes hundreds of years 9. (break) down. Hiding it in the ground doesn't solve the problem—burning it causes air pollution.
Plastic makes our life easier, but it brings long-lasting troubles to our planet. Our choices today 10. (change) the world tomorrow. We must use plastic wisely.

1. an 2. of 3. toothbrushes 4. useful 5. former
6. tied 7. bins 8. on 9. to break 10. change

【分析】
1. 第1空：考查冠词，amazing以元音音素开头，修饰可数名词material，需用不定冠词an；
2. 第2空：考查固定搭配，take the place of是固定短语，意为“代替”，故填of；
3. 第3空：考查名词单复数，与前面的bags、bottles并列，需用可数名词复数，toothbrush的复数为toothbrushes；
4. 第4空：考查词性转换，and连接并列形容词，需将名词use转换为形容词useful；
5. 第5空：考查形容词，需修饰名词hero，former意为“以前的”，符合语境；
6. 第6空：考查被动结构，get+过去分词表被动，get tied in是固定表达，意为“被缠住”，故填tied；
7. 第7空：考查名词单复数，bin是可数名词，此处指多个塑料箱，需用复数bins；
8. 第8空：考查固定搭配，on average是固定短语，意为“平均”，故填on；
9. 第9空：考查固定句型，it takes time to do sth是固定句型，需用不定式to break；
10. 第10空：考查动词时态，主语Our choices是复数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填change。
【解析】
1. 此处泛指“一种神奇的材料”，amazing以元音音素/ə/开头，故用不定冠词an；
2. 固定搭配take the place of表示“代替”，符合语境；
3. toothbrush为可数名词，与bags、bottles并列，需用复数形式toothbrushes；
4. 此处需形容词作表语，use的形容词形式为useful，意为“有用的”；
5. former是形容词，意为“以前的”，修饰名词hero，符合语境；
6. get+过去分词构成被动语态，get tied in表示“被缠住”，故用tie的过去分词tied；
7. bin为可数名词，此处指多个塑料箱，故用复数bins；
8. 固定搭配on average表示“平均”，符合句意；
9. 固定句型it takes+时间+to do sth，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用不定式to break；
10. 主语Our choices是复数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故用动词原形change。
【答案】
1. an 2. of 3. toothbrushes 4. useful 5. former 6. tied 7. bins 8. on 9. to break 10. change
【知识点】
冠词的用法、固定搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题围绕塑料的话题展开，考查基础语法知识，涵盖冠词、固定搭配、词性转换等，贴近生活，难度适中，能有效考查学生对基础语法的掌握情况。
【难度系数】
0.3

B 选词填空
report deep pride image businessman
industry litter talk fox loud
After a storm, the sky turned bright blue. Villagers found a dark, deep hole while 1. about what to do next.
“A 2. might live here,” a woman said. A young man shouted 3. into the hole, “Hey! Come on out!” But no fox showed up. He threw a stone in, yet heard no sound.
The next day, 4. and scientists came. A reporter tried to measure the hole’s 5. with a weight, but the rope was too short. A scientist played loud noises, but they never came back. “Fill it,” she said simply.
A 6. offered to fill the hole. He started a company and began filling the hole with waste from the city. Trucks carried 7. waste to the hole—all waste disappeared. Later, villagers threw dead animals and 8. in. The hole swallowed everything.
The hole made everyone feel safe. The village grew quiet and clean. The sea and sky became clear. People were 9. of their city. They built tall buildings and kept throwing waste into the hole, never worrying about where it went.
One day, a worker on a high building heard a voice from the clear blue sky: “Hey! Come on out!” He thought it was his 10. —until a stone fell from the sky.

1. talking 2. fox 3. loudly 4. reporters 5. depth
6. businessman 7. industrial 8. litter 9. proud
10. imagination

【分析】
先通读全文理解文章大意：暴风雨后村民发现深洞，众人猜测洞内有狐狸，后续记者、科学家、商人参与处理，最终洞被当作垃圾场，却出现了异常声音。解题时，需先判断每个空缺处所需的词性，再结合上下文语境，从给定词汇中选择合适的词，同时注意词形变化（如动词变分词、形容词变副词/名词等），确保填入后语句通顺、符合逻辑。
【解析】
1. 空格处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，主语是villagers，需用动词talk的现在分词形式talking，构成“while talking about...”（当讨论……时），故填talking。
2. 后文提到“no fox showed up”，结合语境可知此处指“一只狐狸”，故填fox。
3. 修饰动词shouted需用副词，loud的副词形式是loudly，故填loudly。
4. 与scientists并列，结合后文“A reporter”可知此处指“记者”，且用复数形式，故填reporters。
5. 表示“洞的深度”，需用deep的名词形式depth，故填depth。
6. 后文提到“He started a company”，可知此处指“商人”，故填businessman。
7. 修饰名词waste需用形容词，industry的形容词形式是industrial，industrial waste意为“工业垃圾”，故填industrial。
8. 与dead animals并列，指垃圾类物品，故填litter。
9. 固定搭配be proud of（以……为傲），需用pride的形容词形式proud，故填proud。
10. 结合语境，工人以为声音来自自己的“想象”，故填imagination。
【答案】
1. talking 2. fox 3. loudly 4. reporters 5. depth
6. businessman 7. industrial 8. litter 9. proud
10. imagination
【知识点】
词汇运用、词性转换、语境理解
【点评】
本题为选词填空题，考查学生对词汇在具体语境中的灵活运用能力，涉及词性转换、固定搭配等基础知识点，需结合上下文逻辑判断词形变化，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6