()1. Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.

A.has caused
B.have caused
C.was causing
D.were causing

1.A

【分析】
本题考查主谓一致和现在完成时的用法。首先确定句子主语的单复数，再根据时间状语判断时态，进而选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 主谓一致：句子主语为Human impact（人类影响），是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，因此排除复数形式的B、D选项。
2. 时态判断：时间状语“in the past three decades（在过去的三十年里）”是现在完成时的典型标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，结合主语单数，应使用has caused，故排除C选项。
综上，答案为A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
现在完成时；主谓一致
【点评】
本题为基础语法题，需掌握主谓一致规则和现在完成时的时间标志，难度较低，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.3

()2. Sam as well as his team members by Professor Lown for not finishing the task in time yesterday.

A.is criticized
B.are criticized
C.was criticized
D.were criticized

2.C

【分析】本题考查英语语法中的主谓一致和动词时态语态。首先，当主语后接as well as连接的成分时，谓语动词的数遵循“就远原则”，即与前面的主语保持一致；其次，根据时间状语判断时态，同时结合主被动关系确定语态。
【解析】1. 主谓一致：主语为Sam，as well as his team members是修饰成分，谓语动词需用单数形式，因此排除复数形式的B（are criticized）和D（were criticized）；2. 时态与语态：句中时间状语yesterday表明动作发生在过去，且Sam是“被批评”，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，单数主语搭配was，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】主谓一致（就远原则）、一般过去时被动语态
【点评】本题结合主谓一致的核心规则和被动语态的时态判断，是英语语法的基础考点，需准确掌握as well as连接主语时的谓语单复数规则，以及被动语态的时态应用，属于常规易错题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

()3. Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, teenagers to make better decisions.

A.prepare
B.prepares
C.is preparing
D.are preparing

3.B

【分析】首先明确主谓一致的就远原则：当主语后接together with等引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的核心主语决定；其次判断时态：句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；最后匹配选项确定正确形式。
【解析】句子核心主语是单数名词短语Critical reasoning，together with problem-solving为插入语，不改变主语单复数，因此谓语动词需用单数形式；句子表述客观情况，用一般现在时，故动词用prepares，对应选项B。
【答案】B
【知识点】主谓一致、一般现在时
【点评】本题考查主谓一致的就远原则，需注意插入语不影响主语单复数，结合时态即可解题，属于基础考点。
【难度系数】0.6

()4. Nowadays, cycling along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

A.regard
B.is regarded
C.are regarded
D.regards

4.B
点拨:4题,along with连接主语,谓语跟cycling(单数)保持一致。表示普遍观点,用一般现在时的被动语态be regarded as。句意:如今,骑行被认为是最佳的全面运动方式之一。

【分析】
本题考查主谓一致和被动语态的用法。首先明确句子主语：cycling是主语，along with jogging and swimming属于伴随状语，不影响主谓一致，谓语需与主语cycling（单数）保持一致；其次判断语态：cycling与regard之间是被动关系，意为“被认为”，结合时间状语nowadays，需用一般现在时的被动语态。
【解析】
1. 确定主语：句子主语为单数名词cycling，along with连接的成分是伴随状语，谓语动词遵循“就远原则”，用单数形式；
2. 判断语态：cycling是“被认为”，需用被动语态（be + 过去分词）；
3. 结合时态nowadays，确定一般现在时的被动结构为is regarded，因此选B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
主谓一致；一般现在时被动语态
【点评】
本题为基础语法题，重点考查主谓一致的就远原则和被动语态的基本结构，需准确识别主语和语态关系，属于易掌握的考点。
【难度系数】
0.3

()5. She that the glass would break while opening the window.

A.has frightened
B.was frightened
C.frightened
D.had frightened

5.B

【分析】首先，本题需结合动词搭配和时态确定谓语动词形式。frighten的常用结构中，be frightened that...是固定用法，表示“害怕……”，空格后直接接that引导的从句，说明需用be动词构成系表结构；再根据从句时态判断主句时态，进而锁定正确选项。
【解析】1. 分析动词搭配：frighten作及物动词时需接宾语，而空格后直接接that从句，因此需用be frightened结构，排除无be动词的A（现在完成时）、C（过去式）、D（过去完成时）；2. 分析时态：从句中would break是过去将来时，对应主句需用一般过去时，be动词用was，因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时；固定搭配be frightened that
【点评】本题考查动词固定搭配与时态的基础运用，属于常规基础题，只要掌握be frightened的用法及过去将来时对应的主句时态即可解答。
【难度系数】0.6

()6. —How did the residents in your community show their sympathy to the victims in stricken areas?
—A large sum of money, with relief supplies, to them.

A.is offered
B.are offered
C.was offered
D.were offered

6.C

【分析】
本题需先根据问句时态确定答句时态，再结合主谓一致规则判断谓语动词形式。首先问句使用一般过去时（did），答句需保持时态一致；其次主语为“A large sum of money”，“a large sum of +不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，据此排除错误选项。
【解析】
1. 确定时态：问句“How did...”为一般过去时，答句需用一般过去时，排除A（is offered）、B（are offered）；
2. 确定主谓一致：主语“A large sum of money”中，“a large sum of”修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，排除D（were offered）；
因此选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
一般过去时；主谓一致
【点评】
本题考查一般过去时的运用及主谓一致规则，需牢记“a large sum of +不可数名词”作主语时谓语用单数，同时根据上下文时态匹配，属于基础语法题。
【难度系数】
0.5

()7 The photos, which while I was studying in Beijing, remind me of many happy memories.

A.had taken
B.were taken
C.had been taken
D.took

7.B
点拨:7题,照片是“被拍摄”,用被动语态。时间状语while I was studying是表过去的时间,用一般过去时的被动语态。句意:我在北京读书时拍的照片勾起了我许多美好回忆。

【分析】首先，明确定语从句的先行词是the photos，判断动词take与先行词的逻辑关系：照片是“被拍摄”，需用被动语态，排除主动形式的选项A和D；其次，根据时间状语while I was studying（过去进行时，表过去的时间段），确定定语从句的时态为一般过去时，排除过去完成时的选项C；最后，结合一般过去时被动语态的结构，确定正确选项。
【解析】1. 语态判断：先行词the photos与动词take是被动关系（照片被拍摄），需用被动语态，排除主动语态的A（had taken）和D（took）；2. 时态判断：时间状语while I was studying in Beijing表示过去的时间段，描述过去发生的动作，故定语从句用一般过去时，排除过去完成时的被动形式C（had been taken）；3. 结构匹配：一般过去时被动语态结构为“were/was + 过去分词”，主语photos为复数，因此用were taken，对应选项B。
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态、定语从句
【点评】本题考查定语从句中动词的语态与时态的综合运用，需先依据主语与动词的关系判断语态，再结合时间状语确定时态，属于基础语法题，侧重核心知识点的考查。
【难度系数】0.6

()8 Food and medical supplies to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.

A.distribute
B.distributed
C.are distributed
D.were distributed

8.D
点拨:8题,物资是“被分发”,用被动语态。时间状语last Sunday是表过去的时间,用一般过去时。supplies为复数,故用were distributed。

【分析】首先，分析句子主语与动作的关系：主语“Food and medical supplies（食物和医疗物资）”是动作“distribute（分发）”的承受者，物资是“被分发”，因此需用被动语态；接着，根据时间状语“last Sunday（上周日）”判断时态，该时间为过去时间，需用一般过去时；最后结合主谓一致，主语是复数，被动语态一般过去时的be动词用were，据此确定选项。
【解析】1. 语态判断：主语Food and medical supplies是动作distribute的承受者，需用被动语态，排除主动形式的A、B选项；2. 时态判断：时间状语last Sunday表过去，需用一般过去时，排除一般现在时被动的C选项；3. 主谓一致：主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态的be动词用were，因此正确形式为were distributed，对应选项D。
【答案】D
【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态；主谓一致
【点评】本题考查被动语态、时态及主谓一致的综合运用，是初中英语的基础语法题，需掌握被动语态的用法、一般过去时的标志及主谓一致规则，侧重对核心语法点的基础考查。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅱ. Complete the following sentences required(按要求完成句子)
1. All the damaged wooden parts of the old building were replaced with new materials last month.(改为一般疑问句)

2. The delicate ancient carvings inside the tower were well protected by the workers during the restoration.(改为否定句)

3. The teacher told us to finish the project in a week.(改为被动语态)

4. Experts throughout the country highly value the unique architectural design of the ancient tower.(改为被动语态)

■5The construction team perfectly preserved the delicate wooden structure during the whole repair project.(改为被动语态)

■6Local historians and architects jointly studied the historical background of Leifeng Pagoda in the last research.(改为被动语态)

1. Were all the damaged wooden parts of the old building replaced with new materials last month?
2. The delicate ancient carvings inside the tower were not well protected by the workers during the restoration.
3. We were told to finish the project in a week by the teacher.
4. The unique architectural design of the ancient tower is highly valued by experts throughout the country.
5. The delicate wooden structure was perfectly preserved by the construction team during the whole repair project.
6. The historical background of Leifeng Pagoda was jointly studied by local historians and architects in the last research.

【分析】本题考查英语句型转换，涉及一般疑问句、否定句、主动句转被动句的规则。解题思路：1. 一般疑问句转换：原句为一般过去时被动语态，将be动词（were）提前至句首，其余语序不变，句末改问号；2. 否定句转换：在be动词（were）后直接加not；3. 主动转被动：将主动句的宾语（动作承受者）作为被动句主语，主动句的主语（动作执行者）由by引出，谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”，时态保持原句不变，人称根据语境调整（如主动句宾语us变被动主语we）；4. 其余题目遵循对应规则，注意副词位置不变。
【解析】1. 原句是一般过去时被动语态，将be动词were提前，得到：Were all the damaged wooden parts of the old building replaced with new materials last month?
2. 在be动词were后加not，得到：The delicate ancient carvings inside the tower were not well protected by the workers during the restoration.
3. 主动句宾语us作被动主语，主动句主语the teacher由by引出，谓语变为一般过去时被动结构were told，得到：We were told to finish the project in a week by the teacher.
4. 原句是一般现在时主动句，宾语the unique architectural design of the ancient tower作被动主语，be动词用is，谓语变为is highly valued，动作执行者由by引出，得到：The unique architectural design of the ancient tower is highly valued by experts throughout the country.
5. 原句是一般过去时主动句，宾语the delicate wooden structure作被动主语，be动词用was，谓语变为was perfectly preserved，动作执行者由by引出，得到：The delicate wooden structure was perfectly preserved by the construction team during the whole repair project.
6. 原句是一般过去时主动句，宾语the historical background of Leifeng Pagoda作被动主语，be动词用was，谓语变为was jointly studied，动作执行者由by引出，得到：The historical background of Leifeng Pagoda was jointly studied by local historians and architects in the last research.
【答案】1. Were all the damaged wooden parts of the old building replaced with new materials last month?
2. The delicate ancient carvings inside the tower were not well protected by the workers during the restoration.
3. We were told to finish the project in a week by the teacher.
4. The unique architectural design of the ancient tower is highly valued by experts throughout the country.
5. The delicate wooden structure was perfectly preserved by the construction team during the whole repair project.
6. The historical background of Leifeng Pagoda was jointly studied by local historians and architects in the last research.
【知识点】英语句型转换；被动语态转换；一般疑问句转换
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础语法中的句型转换，涵盖一般疑问句、否定句、主动转被动的核心规则，需准确把握不同句式的结构变化，是英语学习的基础考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6