1. 如图,我国某巨型摩天轮的最低点距离地面$AB=10\ \mathrm{m}$,圆盘半径$OA=50\ \mathrm{m}$.摩天轮的圆周上均匀地安装了若干个座舱(本题中将座舱视为圆周上的点),游客在距离地面最近的位置进舱.小明、小丽先后从摩天轮的底部入舱出发开始观光,当小明观光到点$P$时,小丽到达点$Q$,此时$∠ POQ=90°$,且小丽距离地面$20\ \mathrm{m}$.

(1)过点$P$作$PC⊥ OC$于点$C$,过点$Q$作$QD⊥ OD$于点$D$,$△ OCP$与$△ QDO$全等吗?为什么?
(2)求此时两人所在座舱距离地面的高度差.
(1)过点$P$作$PC⊥ OC$于点$C$,过点$Q$作$QD⊥ OD$于点$D$,$△ OCP$与$△ QDO$全等吗?为什么?
(2)求此时两人所在座舱距离地面的高度差.
答案
1.(1) $△ OCP ≌ △ QDO$. 理由如下:
$\because \quad QD ⊥ BD, PC ⊥ BD$,
$\therefore \quad ∠ QDO = ∠ OCP = 90°$.
$\because \quad ∠ POQ = 90°$,
$\therefore \quad ∠ DOQ + ∠ OQD = 90° = ∠ DOQ + ∠ POC$.
$\therefore \quad ∠ OQD = ∠ POC$.
又 $OQ = PO$,
$\therefore \quad △ OCP ≌ △ QDO$.
(2)$\because \quad △ OCP ≌ △ QDO$,
$\therefore \quad QD = OC$.
$\because \quad$ 小丽到达点 $Q$ 时距离地面 20 m,
$\therefore \quad BD = 20\ \mathrm{m}$.
又 $AB = 10\ \mathrm{m}, OA = 50\ \mathrm{m}$,
$\therefore \quad OD = 40\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad QD = \sqrt{OQ^2 - OD^2} = 30\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad OC = QD = 30\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad CD = OD - OC = 10\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad$ 此时两人所在座舱距离地面的高度差为 10 m.
$\because \quad QD ⊥ BD, PC ⊥ BD$,
$\therefore \quad ∠ QDO = ∠ OCP = 90°$.
$\because \quad ∠ POQ = 90°$,
$\therefore \quad ∠ DOQ + ∠ OQD = 90° = ∠ DOQ + ∠ POC$.
$\therefore \quad ∠ OQD = ∠ POC$.
又 $OQ = PO$,
$\therefore \quad △ OCP ≌ △ QDO$.
(2)$\because \quad △ OCP ≌ △ QDO$,
$\therefore \quad QD = OC$.
$\because \quad$ 小丽到达点 $Q$ 时距离地面 20 m,
$\therefore \quad BD = 20\ \mathrm{m}$.
又 $AB = 10\ \mathrm{m}, OA = 50\ \mathrm{m}$,
$\therefore \quad OD = 40\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad QD = \sqrt{OQ^2 - OD^2} = 30\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad OC = QD = 30\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad CD = OD - OC = 10\ \mathrm{m}$.
$\therefore \quad$ 此时两人所在座舱距离地面的高度差为 10 m.
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