一、现在完成时vs一般过去时
| 维度 | 现在完成时 | 一般过去时 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 核心 | 强调对现在的影响/现在的状态 | 强调过去发生的动作本身，和现在无关 |
| 时间标志 | yet, already, just, ever, never, for, since ... | yesterday, last week in 2000, ... ago, just now |
| 例句 | He has become a good friend of your grandfather's. (现在还是朋友，强调现在的关系) | He became a friend of your grandfather's 20 years ago. (20年前成为朋友，只说过去的动作) |
【强化训练 1】It's the most beautiful mountain village I ever (visit). I (go) there with my family last summer.

【强化训练 1】have；visited；went

【分析】解题时需根据句子中的时间标志词判断时态：第一句出现现在完成时的时间标志ever，需用现在完成时结构；第二句出现一般过去时的时间标志last summer，需用一般过去时结构，再结合动词的正确形式填空。
【解析】1. 第一、二空：句中时间标志为ever，属于现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，主语是I，因此第一空填have，动词visit的过去分词为visited，故第二空填visited；2. 第三空：句中时间标志为last summer，属于一般过去时的标志，动词go的过去式为went，故填went。
【答案】have；visited；went
【知识点】现在完成时、一般过去时
【点评】本题考查现在完成时与一般过去时的时态区分，关键在于准确识别时间标志词，掌握两类时态的结构，是初中英语时态的基础应用题型。
【难度系数】0.6

二、used to 结构(过去常常/过去的状态)
(一)基本结构
肯定式:主语+used to+动词原形.
否定式:主语+didn't use to+动词原形.
疑问式:Did+主语+use to+动词原形...?
(二)核心用法
表示过去经常做的动作/过去存在的状态,现在已经不做/不存在了,用于对比“过去 vs.现在”的变化。
易混区分:used to vs. be used to

【强化训练 2】They used to (live) in small houses, but now they are used to
(enjoy) a comfortable life in tall buildings.
回归教材
阅读填空(教材 P6 课文改编)
In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before that, only rough roads and a 1901-built old railway 1. (connect) Kenya's main port Mombasa and capital Nairobi, with slow trains taking 10 hours for the journey.
However, the new railway, built with 2. (China) help, has already cut the travel time to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year.
Local Kenyans 3. (benefit) a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I'm very happy 4. the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of using the train 5. 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I can get to places on time and make business deals 6. (easy).” The railway has also made food transport easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, 7. now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket 8. (manage). As a result, people now have 9. (much) fresh food to eat.
Although China and Kenya are far apart, the railway shows how different countries can work together 10. (build) a better world.

【强化训练 2】live；enjoying
回归教材
1. connected 2. China’s 3. have benefited 4. with
5. since 6. easily 7. but 8. manager 9. more
10. to build

【分析】
首先分析强化训练2：第一空考查固定搭配used to do sth，意为“过去常常做某事（现在不做）”，后接动词原形；第二空考查be used to doing sth，意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后接动名词。
再分析回归教材填空：需结合语境、语法规则（时态、词性、固定搭配等）逐一判断：1. 时间状语before that提示用一般过去时；2. 表示“中国的帮助”需用名词所有格；3. over the last few years提示用现在完成时；4. 固定搭配be happy with；5. since加时间点用于现在完成时；6. 修饰动词用副词；7. 前后转折关系用连词but；8. 表示职业用名词；9. 现在与过去对比用比较级；10. 不定式表目的。
【解析】
【强化训练2】
1. 固定搭配used to do sth，后接动词原形，故填live；
2. 固定搭配be used to doing sth，to为介词，后接动名词，故填enjoying。
【回归教材】
1. 由时间状语before that可知，用一般过去时，connect的过去式为connected；
2. 表示“中国的帮助”，用名词所有格China’s；
3. 由时间状语over the last few years可知，用现在完成时，主语为复数，故填have benefited；
4. 固定搭配be happy with，意为“对……满意”，故填with；
5. since加时间点2017，用于现在完成时，故填since；
6. 修饰动词make需用副词，easy的副词形式为easily；
7. 前后为转折关系，用连词but；
8. 表示“超市经理”，用名词manager；
9. 现在与过去对比，需用much的比较级more；
10. 不定式表目的，故填to build。
【答案】
【强化训练 2】live；enjoying
回归教材
1. connected 2. China’s 3. have benefited 4. with
5. since 6. easily 7. but 8. manager 9. more
10. to build
【知识点】
used to的用法；be used to的用法；动词时态；词性转换
【点评】
本题围绕初中英语核心语法点展开，涵盖固定搭配、时态、词性变形等基础内容，需学生熟练掌握基础语法规则，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6