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五、阅读理解
An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took more than 140,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so terrifying.
How do these terrible shakes of the ground come about? We must first know something about the earth itself. Many different layers (层) of rocks make up the earth's crust (地壳). The layers of rocks are not flat and even (均匀的) like walls. Because of the great weight on them, these layers could fold downward at weak places, and this finally leads to a break in the crust. When this break happens, the earth shakes. Sometimes these shakes are very slight, and we cannot feel them.
Some parts of the earth have more quakes than other places. This is usually true of mountainous countries. But people in flat areas can also feel the quakes, because the waves can run for thousands of miles from the centre of a quake. What we need to fear most is the after-effects of a strong earthquake: fires, floods, landslides (崩塌) and even tidal waves. And diseases after earthquakes kill lives too.
Small earthquakes happen every day, but landslides do not happen very often. Most of us are lucky because earthquakes seldom happen in the places we live. But we must understand the need of being ready to help those unlucky ones.
(
A. surprised
B. sad
C. scared
D. nervous
(
A. the growth of the earth
B. the cause of earthquakes
C. the types of earthquakes
D. the results of earthquakes
(
A. We can do something to prevent earthquakes.
B. Only people in the centre of an earthquake can feel it.
C. We should be careful about the after-effects of earthquakes.
D. The layers of rocks on the earth are as flat as walls.
(
A. we can help others in need
B. there will never be earthquakes
C. all of us will never face disasters
D. we can live far away from mountains
An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took more than 140,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so terrifying.
How do these terrible shakes of the ground come about? We must first know something about the earth itself. Many different layers (层) of rocks make up the earth's crust (地壳). The layers of rocks are not flat and even (均匀的) like walls. Because of the great weight on them, these layers could fold downward at weak places, and this finally leads to a break in the crust. When this break happens, the earth shakes. Sometimes these shakes are very slight, and we cannot feel them.
Some parts of the earth have more quakes than other places. This is usually true of mountainous countries. But people in flat areas can also feel the quakes, because the waves can run for thousands of miles from the centre of a quake. What we need to fear most is the after-effects of a strong earthquake: fires, floods, landslides (崩塌) and even tidal waves. And diseases after earthquakes kill lives too.
Small earthquakes happen every day, but landslides do not happen very often. Most of us are lucky because earthquakes seldom happen in the places we live. But we must understand the need of being ready to help those unlucky ones.
(
C
) 1. The underlined word "terrifying" means "making people ".A. surprised
B. sad
C. scared
D. nervous
(
B
) 2. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us about .A. the growth of the earth
B. the cause of earthquakes
C. the types of earthquakes
D. the results of earthquakes
(
C
) 3. According to the passage, what can we learn about earthquakes?A. We can do something to prevent earthquakes.
B. Only people in the centre of an earthquake can feel it.
C. We should be careful about the after-effects of earthquakes.
D. The layers of rocks on the earth are as flat as walls.
(
A
) 4. In the last paragraph, the writer hopes .A. we can help others in need
B. there will never be earthquakes
C. all of us will never face disasters
D. we can live far away from mountains
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文理解划线词含义：第一段提到地震夺走超14万人生命，可知terrifying意为“令人恐惧的”，对应选项中scared（害怕的），据此选答案。
2. 第2题是段落主旨题，需梳理第二段内容：段首提出“地震如何产生”的问题，后续解释地壳岩层变化引发断裂导致地震，核心是地震的成因，据此选答案。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，需逐一核对选项与原文：A原文未提及预防地震；B原文说明平地居民也能感受到地震，错误；C原文指出最需警惕强震的余震后果，正确；D原文提到岩层不像墙那样平坦，错误，据此选答案。
4. 第4题是段落主旨题，需关注最后一段核心：段末强调要准备帮助不幸遭遇地震的人，对应选项中帮助有需要的人，据此选答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第一段“An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took more than 140,000 lives”可知，地震是可怕的，划线词terrifying意为“令人恐惧的”，与scared（害怕的）含义相近，故选C。
2. 段落主旨题：第二段围绕“地震如何产生”展开，解释地壳岩层因受力断裂引发地震的过程，核心是地震的成因，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：A选项原文未提及预防地震，排除；B选项原文提到“people in flat areas can also feel the quakes”，说明并非只有震中能感受到，排除；C选项原文明确“What we need to fear most is the after-effects of a strong earthquake”，符合文意；D选项原文指出“The layers of rocks are not flat and even like walls”，排除，故选C。
4. 段落主旨题：最后一段末句“we must understand the need of being ready to help those unlucky ones”表明作者希望人们帮助有需要的人，故选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为地震主题的英语阅读理解，考查词义猜测、段落主旨及细节理解能力，题型基础，需学生结合原文信息分析选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文理解划线词含义：第一段提到地震夺走超14万人生命，可知terrifying意为“令人恐惧的”，对应选项中scared（害怕的），据此选答案。
2. 第2题是段落主旨题，需梳理第二段内容：段首提出“地震如何产生”的问题，后续解释地壳岩层变化引发断裂导致地震，核心是地震的成因，据此选答案。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，需逐一核对选项与原文：A原文未提及预防地震；B原文说明平地居民也能感受到地震，错误；C原文指出最需警惕强震的余震后果，正确；D原文提到岩层不像墙那样平坦，错误，据此选答案。
4. 第4题是段落主旨题，需关注最后一段核心：段末强调要准备帮助不幸遭遇地震的人，对应选项中帮助有需要的人，据此选答案。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第一段“An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took more than 140,000 lives”可知，地震是可怕的，划线词terrifying意为“令人恐惧的”，与scared（害怕的）含义相近，故选C。
2. 段落主旨题：第二段围绕“地震如何产生”展开，解释地壳岩层因受力断裂引发地震的过程，核心是地震的成因，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：A选项原文未提及预防地震，排除；B选项原文提到“people in flat areas can also feel the quakes”，说明并非只有震中能感受到，排除；C选项原文明确“What we need to fear most is the after-effects of a strong earthquake”，符合文意；D选项原文指出“The layers of rocks are not flat and even like walls”，排除，故选C。
4. 段落主旨题：最后一段末句“we must understand the need of being ready to help those unlucky ones”表明作者希望人们帮助有需要的人，故选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为地震主题的英语阅读理解，考查词义猜测、段落主旨及细节理解能力，题型基础，需学生结合原文信息分析选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
