C
Many of us learn how to ride a bicycle at a young age. As we grow older, we may stop riding—most of us go to school by bus or by subway. But whenever we get on a bicycle, it’s like we’ve never stopped biking.
This is strange. In many other cases, our memories let us down. We often find it hard to remember the name of a person or a place, don’t we? So why can we still ride a bicycle after we stopped riding a long time ago?
It turns out that there are many types of memory. They are stored in different areas of our brains. Memories of experiences (e.g., our first day at school) and of factual knowledge (e.g., the capital of France) are called declarative memories(陈述性记忆). These memories can be communicated to others. Procedural memories (程序性记忆) are a form of long-term memories that enables people to learn and perform tasks. These memories are responsible for our performance. Skills such as playing an instrument, swimming or riding a bike are procedural memories.
Scientists have done many experiments on different memory types. Perhaps the most famous of them was carried out on Henry Molaison, an epileptic(癫痫患者). In an operation(手术) in the 1950s, part of his brain was taken away. After that, the man suffered less from epilepsy. But there was a new problem—he couldn’t remember things!
What went wrong with Molaison’s memory system? Through several tests, scientists found he could learn new skills (slowly, though). However, he could never remember having been trained to learn a new skill. In other words, Molaison could develop new procedural, but not declarative memories.
It is concluded that even with serious brain injuries, procedural memories last much longer. However, scientists haven’t yet found out why. Some say procedural memories are more lasting because they are stored in the brain’s centre.
Now, “just like riding a bicycle” has been used as an idiom. Can you guess its meaning? Yes, people use it to describe a skill that, once learnt, is never forgotten.
()23. How does the writer lead in the topic?
A. By telling a story.
B. By giving an example.
C. By answering questions.
D. By showing numbers.
()24. Which of the following is an example of procedural memory?
A. Playing the violin.
B. Knowing the location of Italy.
C. Buying a new bike.
D. Remembering a special date.
()25. Why does the writer mention the experiment on Henry Molaison?
A. To show procedural memories last longer.
B. To introduce problems with our memory system.
C. To encourage people to develop declarative memories.
D. To explain why Molaison’s memory system went wrong.
()26. What will the scientists most probably study in the future?
A. Where different types of memory are stored in our brains.
B. How people develop procedural and declarative memories.
C. What people can do to deal with declarative memory loss.
D. Why procedural memories last longer than declarative memories.
D

23. B 24. A 25. A 26. D

【分析】
首先，针对每道题，先明确题型，再定位原文信息分析选项：23题考查作者引入话题的方式，需看文章开头写作手法，文章以“学骑车久不骑仍会”的例子引入，对应选项B；24题考查程序性记忆的实例，需依据文章中“程序性记忆是技能类记忆”的定义，匹配选项A；25题考查实验目的，结合实验结果与文章结论，实验是为了证明程序性记忆更持久，对应选项A；26题考查未来研究方向，根据文章未解决的“程序性记忆更持久的原因”，对应选项D。
【解析】
23题：作者在文章开头通过“很多人小时候学会骑自行车，长大后很久不骑仍能骑行”的具体例子引入话题，未采用讲故事、回答问题或列数字的方式，故选B。
24题：根据文章，程序性记忆是用于学习和执行任务的技能类记忆，如演奏乐器、游泳、骑车。A选项“拉小提琴”属于技能，是程序性记忆；B选项“知道意大利的位置”是事实性陈述性记忆，C选项“买新自行车”是具体动作，D选项“记住特殊日期”是陈述性记忆，故选A。
25题：Henry的实验结果显示他能学习新技能但无法记住训练过程，结合文章结论“即使有严重脑损伤，程序性记忆更持久”，可知提及该实验是为了证明程序性记忆更持久，故选A。
26题：文章提到科学家尚未找到“为什么程序性记忆更持久”的原因，因此未来最可能研究这一问题，对应选项D，故选D。
【答案】
23.B 24.A 25.A 26.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题是结合科普知识的英语阅读理解题，侧重考查学生对文章细节的定位、作者写作手法的分析以及基于原文的推理判断能力，需准确抓取关键信息并理解逻辑关系。
【难度系数】
0.6