七、（跨学科 地理）阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
[2026 扬州中学教育集团树人学校期末]① Water is important for all living things on the Earth. The water cycle(循环) takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the Earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China.
② The water cycle always begins with water vapour(水蒸气). When it's hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to the Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.
③ The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. Moreover, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought(干旱). Besides, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool.
④ Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth and that is our duty.
1. What is the main purpose of the water cycle?
A. To change water into vapour and clouds.
B. To protect Earth's climate and support life.
C. To help us understand nature in a better way.
D. To explain why floods and droughts happen.
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. When the water cycle is most active.
B. The different forms of water on the Earth.
C. How the water cycle works step by step.
D. The problems caused by the water cycle.
3.（创新考法·信息回填）Which sentence should go in " ▲ " in Paragraph 3?
A. However, this cycle is not always perfect.
B. Without the cycle, we would face many problems.
C. As a result, we must learn to save water in our everyday life.
D. In fact, the water cycle is important in different weather conditions.
4.（创新考法·篇章结构）Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage?

1. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中"The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy."可知，水循环的主要目的是保护地球气候并维持生命。
2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，第二段从水蒸气开始，依次描述了云的形成、雨雪降落、水通过河流海洋回到土地的过程，详细介绍了水循环的步骤。因此，第二段主要讲水循环一步步如何运作。
3. B 信息回填题。前文中"The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate ... brings it to the areas that don't have enough water."阐述了水循环的诸多好处：保护气候、提供饮用水、向缺水地区输送水。后文中"When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought."描述了没有水循环时会出现的洪水、干旱等问题，前后形成"有循环的益处——无循环的后果"的逻辑衔接。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起，介绍水循环；第二段分述水循环的具体过程；第三段分述水循环的重要性；最后一段总结理解水循环的意义。整体结构为"总—分—总"。
方法归纳
阅读理解之篇章结构题
常见的篇章结构模式有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文，把握文章的大意和主题。然后，注意识别关键信息，如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着，仔细分析每个选项，判断其与文章或段落的结构是否相符，并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后，结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构，不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。

【分析】
本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，包含4道小题，分别考查主旨大意、段落大意、信息回填、篇章结构。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：定位题干关键词“main purpose”，回到原文第三段提取水循环作用的相关信息，匹配选项得出答案；
2. 第2题：通读第二段，梳理段落中关于水循环的步骤描述，概括段落核心内容，对应选项；
3. 第3题：分析空格前后的逻辑关系，前文阐述水循环的益处，后文提及洪水、干旱等问题，结合逻辑衔接匹配选项；
4. 第4题：通读全文，梳理各段落的功能（总起、分述、总结），判断文章整体结构，匹配对应的结构示意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第三段“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环的主要目的是保护地球气候并维持生命，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：第二段从水蒸气开始，依次描述云的形成、雨雪降落、水通过河流海洋回到土地的过程，详细介绍了水循环的运作步骤，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：前文阐述水循环的益处，后文提及洪水、干旱等问题，形成“有循环的益处——无循环的后果”的逻辑衔接，选项B符合该逻辑。
4. 第4题：第一段总起介绍水循环，第二段分述水循环的具体过程，第三段分述水循环的重要性，第四段总结理解水循环的意义，整体为“总—分—总”结构，对应选项A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨题、信息回填题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，结合地理水循环知识，题型全面，考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑分析能力及篇章结构把握能力，需要学生通读全文，精准定位信息，梳理段落逻辑关系。
【难度系数】
0.5