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中考趋势 Ⅶ.语法填空
根据短文内容，在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
$While summer heat may be good for trips to the beach, it can be \underline{1} (pleasant) and even dangerous. To$
$protect ourselves from high temperatures, we usually turn to our air-conditioning (AC) units. But AC wasn't invented until the early 1900s, so \underline{2} did people stay cool before that?$
$In the past, buildings were built to stay cool \underline{3} (nature). The Romans had large courtyards in the centre of their houses which often had fountains($喷泉$) and pools in them. These allowed cool air \underline{4} (move) around the buildings. In Greece, houses were often painted white to reflect($反射) heat from the sun.
$Besides buildings, people also changed their \underline{5} (lifestyle) to keep cool. In Spain, for example, it is traditional to have a short sleep in the afternoon. This has developed as a way to avoid working during the \underline{6} (hot) hours of the day. Similarly, Bedouins travel through the desert at night and look for cool places during the day. They also eat hot foods like soups. This can make people sweat($出汗$) and move blood around better \underline{7} (cool) them down.$
$Moreover, ice would be collected in the winter months and stored in ice houses until the summer. Then, \underline{8} ice product would be sold to people to cool their houses.$
$Although AC has made many of these ways unnecessary, \underline{9} (use) more traditional ways of keeping cool can save your money on your electric bills. You can avoid using AC by working in the cooler hours of the morning or evening, or drinking hot tea instead of ice-cold water. \underline{10} whether you choose AC or other ways, make sure that you stay safe during the hot summer months.$
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________
4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________
7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________
10. _________
根据短文内容，在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
$While summer heat may be good for trips to the beach, it can be \underline{1} (pleasant) and even dangerous. To$
$protect ourselves from high temperatures, we usually turn to our air-conditioning (AC) units. But AC wasn't invented until the early 1900s, so \underline{2} did people stay cool before that?$
$In the past, buildings were built to stay cool \underline{3} (nature). The Romans had large courtyards in the centre of their houses which often had fountains($喷泉$) and pools in them. These allowed cool air \underline{4} (move) around the buildings. In Greece, houses were often painted white to reflect($反射) heat from the sun.
$Besides buildings, people also changed their \underline{5} (lifestyle) to keep cool. In Spain, for example, it is traditional to have a short sleep in the afternoon. This has developed as a way to avoid working during the \underline{6} (hot) hours of the day. Similarly, Bedouins travel through the desert at night and look for cool places during the day. They also eat hot foods like soups. This can make people sweat($出汗$) and move blood around better \underline{7} (cool) them down.$
$Moreover, ice would be collected in the winter months and stored in ice houses until the summer. Then, \underline{8} ice product would be sold to people to cool their houses.$
$Although AC has made many of these ways unnecessary, \underline{9} (use) more traditional ways of keeping cool can save your money on your electric bills. You can avoid using AC by working in the cooler hours of the morning or evening, or drinking hot tea instead of ice-cold water. \underline{10} whether you choose AC or other ways, make sure that you stay safe during the hot summer months.$
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________
4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________
7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________
10. _________
答案
Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了空调发明前人们在夏天降温的多种方法及传统方法的优势。
1. unpleasant 解析:根据“even dangerous(甚至危险)”可知,应填pleasant的反义词unpleasant(令人不适的),表“夏季高温可能不适”。
2. how 解析:根据“did people stay cool before that”可知,应填how,表“空调发明前人们如何降温”。
3. naturally 解析:根据“built to stay cool”可知,应填naturally,副词修饰动词built,表“自然地保持凉爽”。
4. to move 解析:根据“allowed cool air”可知,应填to move,allow sb/sth to do sth为固定搭配。
5. lifestyles 解析:根据“their”可知,lifestyle为可数名词可知,应填复数形式lifestyles(生活方式)。
6. hottest 解析:根据“the”和“hours of the day”可知,应填hot的最高级hottest,表“一天中最热的时段”。
7. to cool 解析:根据“make people sweat and move blood around better”可知,应填to cool,不定式表目的,“为了降温”。
8. the 解析:根据“ice product”可知,应填the,定冠词特指前文提到的冰制成的产品。
9. using 解析:根据“can save your money”可知,应填using,动名词作主语,表“使用传统降温方法”。
10. But 解析:根据上文说传统方法省钱,下文说选空调或其他方法可知,应填But,句首首字母大写。
1. unpleasant 解析:根据“even dangerous(甚至危险)”可知,应填pleasant的反义词unpleasant(令人不适的),表“夏季高温可能不适”。
2. how 解析:根据“did people stay cool before that”可知,应填how,表“空调发明前人们如何降温”。
3. naturally 解析:根据“built to stay cool”可知,应填naturally,副词修饰动词built,表“自然地保持凉爽”。
4. to move 解析:根据“allowed cool air”可知,应填to move,allow sb/sth to do sth为固定搭配。
5. lifestyles 解析:根据“their”可知,lifestyle为可数名词可知,应填复数形式lifestyles(生活方式)。
6. hottest 解析:根据“the”和“hours of the day”可知,应填hot的最高级hottest,表“一天中最热的时段”。
7. to cool 解析:根据“make people sweat and move blood around better”可知,应填to cool,不定式表目的,“为了降温”。
8. the 解析:根据“ice product”可知,应填the,定冠词特指前文提到的冰制成的产品。
9. using 解析:根据“can save your money”可知,应填using,动名词作主语,表“使用传统降温方法”。
10. But 解析:根据上文说传统方法省钱,下文说选空调或其他方法可知,应填But,句首首字母大写。
解析
【分析】首先通读短文，明确文章主旨为介绍空调发明前人们的降温方法及传统降温方式的优势。接着结合上下文语境和语法知识逐个分析空格：1. 由后文“even dangerous”可知，此处需填pleasant的反义词，表夏季高温令人不适；2. 前文提到空调20世纪初才发明，此处询问此前人们降温的方式，故用疑问词how；3. 修饰动词built需用副词，因此填naturally；4. 固定搭配allow sth to do sth要求此处用不定式；5. 前面有形容词性物主代词their，可数名词lifestyle需用复数形式；6. 结合定冠词the和语境“一天中最热的时段”，需用hot的最高级；7. 此处表目的，用不定式；8. 特指前文提到的冰产品，用定冠词；9. 此处作主语，需用动名词形式；10. 前后句为转折关系，需用转折连词且句首大写。
【解析】1. 根据后文“even dangerous”，应填pleasant的反义词unpleasant，表“令人不适的”；2. 前文说明空调发明时间，此处询问此前人们如何降温，故填how；3. 副词修饰动词built，填naturally；4. 固定搭配allow sth to do sth，填to move；5. 由their可知，lifestyle用复数lifestyles；6. 结合the和“一天中最热的时段”，填hot的最高级hottest；7. 此处表目的，填不定式to cool；8. 特指前文的冰产品，填定冠词the；9. 动名词作主语，填using；10. 前后转折，句首大写，填But。
【答案】1. unpleasant 2. how 3. naturally 4. to move 5. lifestyles 6. hottest 7. to cool 8. the 9. using 10. But
【知识点】形容词的反义词、副词的用法、非谓语动词
【点评】本题为中考语法填空题型，考查学生对词汇变形、固定搭配及基础语法规则的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境分析，是中考常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 根据后文“even dangerous”，应填pleasant的反义词unpleasant，表“令人不适的”；2. 前文说明空调发明时间，此处询问此前人们如何降温，故填how；3. 副词修饰动词built，填naturally；4. 固定搭配allow sth to do sth，填to move；5. 由their可知，lifestyle用复数lifestyles；6. 结合the和“一天中最热的时段”，填hot的最高级hottest；7. 此处表目的，填不定式to cool；8. 特指前文的冰产品，填定冠词the；9. 动名词作主语，填using；10. 前后转折，句首大写，填But。
【答案】1. unpleasant 2. how 3. naturally 4. to move 5. lifestyles 6. hottest 7. to cool 8. the 9. using 10. But
【知识点】形容词的反义词、副词的用法、非谓语动词
【点评】本题为中考语法填空题型，考查学生对词汇变形、固定搭配及基础语法规则的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境分析，是中考常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
