A
改变生活习惯，帮助整个环境
Making smart changes at home can cut down on rubbish we produce and help animals. “A lot of rubbish ends up in the environment. It is bad for animals,” said Lauren Boccardi. In the sea，turtles and fish can get stuck in different plastics(塑料)，and birds may end up eating plastic by mistake. Here are some ways for you and your family to deal with rubbish.
Think before you buy. When shopping for clothes，try to buy only what you need. For example，before you buy a jacket，always ask yourself，“Do I need this? Could I borrow it or buy a used one?” One idea is to go shopping at second-hand stores，where you may find fine clothes at low prices.
Cut down on food waste. The food you throw away can end up in landfills(垃圾填埋场). These wastes take up much space and cut down the natural resources(资源) of animals. One way to waste less food is to buy a pantry(食品贮藏柜). While making a shopping list(清单)，check your cabinets(储藏柜). Use what you have first before it goes bad and ends up in the rubbish bin. A
B Do a rubbish safety check. Cut up plastic rings used in drink packaging. C This way，if these things end up in the environment，they won't do harm to animals. D
(素材来源：The Week Junior)
根据短文内容，回答问题。(每题答案不超过6个词)
1. Where does much rubbish end up?

2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

3. How can we cut down on food waste?

4. 创新考法·还原信息 In the passage，the sentence “Put plastic caps on bottles.” is missing. Where should we put it，in A，B，C or D?

5. What is the passage about?

1. In the environment. 由第一段中“A lot of rubbish ends up in the environment.”可知，大量垃圾最终进入环境中。
2. A jacket. 上文提及 before you buy a jacket，下文用 it 指代 a jacket。
3. By buying a pantry. /By using what we have first. 由第三段中“One way to waste less food is to buy a pantry.”以及“Use what you have first...”可知答案。
4. In C. 由“Do a rubbish safety check.”可知，本段讲述了垃圾安全检查。“Cut up plastic rings used in drink packaging.”是第一个动作，“Put plastic caps on bottles.”是第二个动作，与前文动作并列，应放在 C 处。
5. Ways to deal with rubbish. 本文介绍了应对垃圾问题的三个方法：购物之前要三思、减少食物浪费和做好垃圾安全检查。

【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的阅读理解题，解题时首先明确题干要求：每题答案不超过6个词。接下来逐题对应原文定位信息：第1题直接定位第一段关于垃圾去向的原句就能提取答案；第2题是代词指代题，往前追溯划线it的前文提到的单数事物，即可找到指代对象；第3题定位第三段减少食物浪费的相关做法，筛选出符合字数要求的表述即可；第4题句子还原题，先分析待插入句子的属性：属于垃圾安全检查的具体操作动作，匹配上下文的并列动作逻辑，就能找到合适的插入位置；第5题主旨题，梳理全文核心内容，提炼出核心主题，控制字数符合要求即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"A lot of rubbish ends up in the environment."，直接提取对应信息，符合字数要求。
2. 定位第二段划线it的前文"before you buy a jacket"，可知it指代前文提到的夹克衫，表述简洁符合要求。
3. 定位第三段内容，文中给出两个减少食物浪费的可行方法：购买食品贮藏柜、优先使用已有的食物，任选其一整理成符合字数的表述都正确。
4. 待插入句子"Put plastic caps on bottles."是垃圾安全检查的具体操作步骤，和前文"Cut up plastic rings used in drink packaging."是并列的处理动作，放在C处时，后续的"This way"可以指代前面两个操作，逻辑完全通顺。
5. 全文围绕家庭处理垃圾的不同可行方法展开，提炼核心主旨得到答案，符合字数限制。
【答案】
1. In the environment.
2. A jacket.
3. By buying a pantry. /By using what we have first.
4. In C.
5. Ways to deal with rubbish.
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，代词指代判断，语篇逻辑还原
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的生活化主题阅读题，绝大多数考点都能在原文直接定位找到对应信息，重点考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，创新设置的句子还原考法引导学生关注上下文的逻辑衔接关系，答题时注意严格遵守每题不超过6个词的字数要求即可。
【难度系数】
0.7

B
詹姆斯·霍华德
Mr Gordon came to the stables one day and spoke to John Manly. “How is James working，John?” he asked.
1. “He learns quickly. He is kind to the horses. And the horses like him. He's learning to drive，and he'll soon be a good driver.”
Then James came in. “James，” Mr Gordon said，“I have a letter from my brother-in-law，Sir Clifford Williams of Clifford Hall. He wants to find a good young groom(马夫). He pays well，and the young man will soon be a head groom. 2. And boys will help him. I don't want to lose you，and John will be sad.”
“I will. Yes，I will，” John said. “But I won't try to stop him.”
“Yes，we'll all be sad，” Mr Gordon said. “But we want you to do well，James. Do you want to go? Speak to your mother at dinnertime，James，and then give me your answer. 3. ”
Ginger，Merrylegs and I were sad too when we heard James's answer. He wanted to go. But it was a better job for him. We knew that.
For six weeks before James went，we worked hard. 4. And Mr Gordon and John Manly wanted to help him.
So the carriage(马车)went out every day. Ginger and I pulled it，and James drove. James learned very quickly. For the first three weeks John sat next to him，but after that James drove without him.
One day in autumn，after two or three days of heavy rain，Mr Gordon wanted John to take him to the city. 5. We came to the river. We didn't think something dangerous would happen . . .
(素材来源：Black Beauty)
根据短文内容，从方框中选出适当的选项补全短文，有两项是多余的。
A. Then I can tell Sir Clifford.
B. “Very well，” John answered.
C. He found the horse in the end.
D. There was a strong wind that day.
E. He wanted to be a very good driver.
F. He missed going home day and night.
G. He will have a room and driving clothes.

1. B 由上段中“约翰，詹姆斯工作得怎么样?”与下文“他学得很快”可知，中间对应插入：约翰回答道：“很好。”
2. G 上文提及“他的报酬很高，这个年轻人很快就会成为马夫长”，下文对应表示：他将会有一个房间和工装。
3. A 上文提及“吃饭的时候和你妈妈谈谈，然后把你的答案给我”，下文对应表示：这样我就可以告诉克利福爵士了。
4. E 上文提及“在詹姆斯走之前的六个星期里，我们努力工作”，下文对应表示：他想成为一名优秀的马夫。
5. D 上文提及“秋天的一天，下了两三天的大雨后”，下文对应表示：那天刮起了一阵大风。

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文类的七选五补全短文题，解题时首先通读全文梳理故事主线：Gordon先生打算推荐James去Clifford先生处担任马夫长，在James赴任前大家帮他练习驾车的相关情节。接下来逐空定位前后文线索，先梳理每处空的前后逻辑关系，比如问答对应、待遇内容顺承、动作目的关联、场景铺垫逻辑，先把完全不符合情节的多余选项C、F排除，再逐一匹配剩余选项，就能快速得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空的前一句是Mr Gordon向John询问James的工作表现，空后是John对James的具体正面评价，此处需要填入John回应提问的过渡句，B选项“John回答道：‘非常好’”完全符合问答逻辑，故选B。
2. 空的前后文都在介绍Sir Clifford给出的优厚待遇：前文提到薪资高、很快能升为马夫长，后文提到会有男孩给他帮忙，G选项“他将会有一个房间和驾车制服”是对福利待遇的补充描述，逻辑连贯，故选G。
3. 空的前一句Mr Gordon要求James和母亲商量后给自己答复，A选项“然后我就可以告知Clifford爵士了”是拿到答复之后的顺承动作，符合语境逻辑，故选A。
4. 空的前文提到James出发前的六周大家都在努力练习驾车，后文提到Gordon先生和John都愿意帮助他，E选项“他想要成为一名非常优秀的马夫”是大家努力练习、旁人愿意提供帮助的动机，逻辑通顺，故选E。
5. 空的前文提到刚下了两三天大雨，后文提到一行人来到河边为后续的危险情节做铺垫，D选项“那天刮着大风”补充了恶劣的天气条件，为后续险情做足铺垫，符合情节走向，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. G 3. A 4. E 5. D
【知识点】
七选五补全阅读，语境逻辑判断，细节线索匹配
【点评】
本题选取《黑骏马》的片段作为素材，情节连贯易懂，所有选项的线索都在空的前后紧邻位置，没有设置过强的干扰项，多余选项C、F和本段情节完全无关很容易排除，重点考察学生抓取上下文关联信息的能力，顺着故事的逻辑顺承关系推导就可以轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8