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C
①Plants can help with climate(气候) change by taking in carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). But if it gets too hot, they might do something bad, a new study said.
②Plants play an important role in our life. They take in air through quite small holes in their leaves. Then, with the help of sunlight, they turn this air into food and give out oxygen(氧气) that we need to breathe at the same time. Before, people thought plants lost most of their water through these small holes. In fact, when the weather is hot, the holes close. This way plants don’t lose too much water. It’s like a smart way for plants to protect themselves.
③However, a new study found something surprising. When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer(层) on their leaves. This layer is always open and cannot close, just like a window that stays open all the time. So, in very hot weather, plants keep losing water but can’t take in air to make food. Imagine if you are thirsty but can’t drink water or eat food—how hard it will be! That’s how plants feel in hot weather. This makes it hard for them to clean the air by taking in carbon dioxide.
④If it gets too hot, something worse might happen. Plants might even give out carbon dioxide back into the air. This could make climate change worse. Scientists say this could happen when the temperature(温度) is about $30°\mathrm{C}$. Can you believe it? A little change in temperature can make such a big difference.
⑤We need to take care of the environment(环境) and try to stop the Earth from getting too hot. Planting more trees is good, but we also need to keep the Earth from getting warmer. Every small thing we do to protect the environment helps. Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy for all plants and animals.
(
A. sunlight
B. oxygen
C. the holes in the leaves
D. a layer on their leaves
(
A. They will take in more air.
B. They will lose more water.
C. More leaves will fall from them.
D. More holes will grow in their leaves.
(
a. Even small things friendly to the environment work.
b. We need to keep the Earth healthy by working together.
c. Planting trees is the only way to protect the environment.
d. We’d better do something to stop the Earth from getting too hot.
A. abc
B. acd
C. abd
D. bcd
(
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③/④⑤
C. ①②③/④⑤
D. ①/②③/④⑤
D
①Plants can help with climate(气候) change by taking in carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). But if it gets too hot, they might do something bad, a new study said.
②Plants play an important role in our life. They take in air through quite small holes in their leaves. Then, with the help of sunlight, they turn this air into food and give out oxygen(氧气) that we need to breathe at the same time. Before, people thought plants lost most of their water through these small holes. In fact, when the weather is hot, the holes close. This way plants don’t lose too much water. It’s like a smart way for plants to protect themselves.
③However, a new study found something surprising. When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer(层) on their leaves. This layer is always open and cannot close, just like a window that stays open all the time. So, in very hot weather, plants keep losing water but can’t take in air to make food. Imagine if you are thirsty but can’t drink water or eat food—how hard it will be! That’s how plants feel in hot weather. This makes it hard for them to clean the air by taking in carbon dioxide.
④If it gets too hot, something worse might happen. Plants might even give out carbon dioxide back into the air. This could make climate change worse. Scientists say this could happen when the temperature(温度) is about $30°\mathrm{C}$. Can you believe it? A little change in temperature can make such a big difference.
⑤We need to take care of the environment(环境) and try to stop the Earth from getting too hot. Planting more trees is good, but we also need to keep the Earth from getting warmer. Every small thing we do to protect the environment helps. Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy for all plants and animals.
(
C
)53. Plants usually take in carbon dioxide through C
.A. sunlight
B. oxygen
C. the holes in the leaves
D. a layer on their leaves
(
B
)54. According to the new study, what will happen to plants when it is very hot?A. They will take in more air.
B. They will lose more water.
C. More leaves will fall from them.
D. More holes will grow in their leaves.
(
C
)55. What can we know from the last paragraph?a. Even small things friendly to the environment work.
b. We need to keep the Earth healthy by working together.
c. Planting trees is the only way to protect the environment.
d. We’d better do something to stop the Earth from getting too hot.
A. abc
B. acd
C. abd
D. bcd
(
A
)56. Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2...)A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③/④⑤
C. ①②③/④⑤
D. ①/②③/④⑤
D
答案
53. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“They take in air through quite small holes in their leaves.”可知，植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收空气，空气包含二氧化碳，所以植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收二氧化碳，故选 C。
54. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer on their leaves.”可知，天气非常热的时候，植物会流失更多的水分，故选 B。
55. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“We need to take care of the environment...Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy for all plants and animals.”可知，从最后一段我们可以知道，即使是对环境有益的小事也会起作用，我们需要通过共同努力来保持地球的健康，我们最好做些事情来阻止地球变得太热。因此 a、b、d 符合原文描述，故选 C。
56. A 【解析】篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段引出植物与气候变化的话题；第二、三、四段详细阐述了植物的相关功能、新研究发现的高温对植物的影响及可能带来的更严重后果；第五段总结并呼吁保护地球环境。由此总结，结构为“①引入话题/②③④具体说明/⑤总结呼吁”，故选 A。
54. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer on their leaves.”可知，天气非常热的时候，植物会流失更多的水分，故选 B。
55. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“We need to take care of the environment...Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy for all plants and animals.”可知，从最后一段我们可以知道，即使是对环境有益的小事也会起作用，我们需要通过共同努力来保持地球的健康，我们最好做些事情来阻止地球变得太热。因此 a、b、d 符合原文描述，故选 C。
56. A 【解析】篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段引出植物与气候变化的话题；第二、三、四段详细阐述了植物的相关功能、新研究发现的高温对植物的影响及可能带来的更严重后果；第五段总结并呼吁保护地球环境。由此总结，结构为“①引入话题/②③④具体说明/⑤总结呼吁”，故选 A。
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题与篇章结构题。解题思路如下：
1. 第53题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中植物吸收二氧化碳的途径，找到对应描述即可选出答案。
2. 第54题：同样是细节理解题，定位原文关于高温时植物变化的内容，匹配选项得出答案。
3. 第55题：需仔细阅读最后一段，判断每个描述是否符合原文，排除错误选项后确定答案。
4. 第56题：为篇章结构题，需分析每个段落的作用，梳理文章的结构逻辑，选出正确的划分方式。
【解析】
53. 细节理解题。根据原文第②段“They take in air through quite small holes in their leaves.”可知，植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收空气，而空气包含二氧化碳，因此植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收二氧化碳，对应选项C。
54. 细节理解题。根据原文第③段“When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer on their leaves.”可知，天气非常热时，植物会流失更多水分，对应选项B。
55. 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容：“Every small thing we do to protect the environment helps.”对应a；“Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy”对应b；“try to stop the Earth from getting too hot”对应d；而c选项“Planting trees is the only way to protect the environment”与原文“Planting more trees is good, but we also need...”不符，故排除c，因此选C。
56. 篇章结构题。第①段引出“植物与气候变化”的话题；第②段介绍植物吸收空气的方式及自我保护机制，第③段讲新发现的高温对植物的影响，第④段讲高温可能带来的更严重后果，即②③④段具体阐述相关内容；第⑤段总结呼吁保护环境，对应结构为①/②③④/⑤，故选A。
【答案】53.C 54.B 55.C 56.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】本文是一篇关于植物与气候变化的说明文，题目侧重考查学生对原文细节的查找能力和篇章结构的分析能力，整体难度适中，需要学生仔细阅读原文，定位关键信息。
【难度系数】0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题与篇章结构题。解题思路如下：
1. 第53题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中植物吸收二氧化碳的途径，找到对应描述即可选出答案。
2. 第54题：同样是细节理解题，定位原文关于高温时植物变化的内容，匹配选项得出答案。
3. 第55题：需仔细阅读最后一段，判断每个描述是否符合原文，排除错误选项后确定答案。
4. 第56题：为篇章结构题，需分析每个段落的作用，梳理文章的结构逻辑，选出正确的划分方式。
【解析】
53. 细节理解题。根据原文第②段“They take in air through quite small holes in their leaves.”可知，植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收空气，而空气包含二氧化碳，因此植物通过叶子上的小孔吸收二氧化碳，对应选项C。
54. 细节理解题。根据原文第③段“When it is hot, plants lose more water through a layer on their leaves.”可知，天气非常热时，植物会流失更多水分，对应选项B。
55. 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容：“Every small thing we do to protect the environment helps.”对应a；“Let’s work together to keep the Earth cool and healthy”对应b；“try to stop the Earth from getting too hot”对应d；而c选项“Planting trees is the only way to protect the environment”与原文“Planting more trees is good, but we also need...”不符，故排除c，因此选C。
56. 篇章结构题。第①段引出“植物与气候变化”的话题；第②段介绍植物吸收空气的方式及自我保护机制，第③段讲新发现的高温对植物的影响，第④段讲高温可能带来的更严重后果，即②③④段具体阐述相关内容；第⑤段总结呼吁保护环境，对应结构为①/②③④/⑤，故选A。
【答案】53.C 54.B 55.C 56.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】本文是一篇关于植物与气候变化的说明文，题目侧重考查学生对原文细节的查找能力和篇章结构的分析能力，整体难度适中，需要学生仔细阅读原文，定位关键信息。
【难度系数】0.6
