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Passage 9
"Wow! Look at that! Isn't it a real fish?" The bionic fish(仿生鱼), named "Jinlin", was swimming naturally like a real one. It was developed by researchers at Shanghai Ocean University. This invention isn't just for fun. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics.
Over millions of years, animals and plants have developed smart ways to survive. For example, kingfishers are experts at moving fast between air and water with very little noise. Through their study, scientists discovered that the birds' long beaks enabled this ability. Then they used the knowledge to change the front of the high-speed train. This change cut down noise level, increased speed by 10% and greatly saved energy. This combination(结合) of biology and engineering is the key to bionics success and has set the stage for the rise of other new technologies.
Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly. The AI-powered bionic fish "Jinlin" can be used for environmental protection and deep sea exploration. In medicine, bionic arms can work similarly to real arms. Sensors allow the user to "feel" touch and pressure. Motors help the bionic arms make movements, like human muscles. With AI, the bionic arms are able to "learn" new tasks and become smarter over time. These inventions are examples of how bionics bridges biology and new technologies to solve human problems.
Although so much progress has been made, bionics faces challenges. Nature's designs are hard to copy perfectly. As for bionic arms, one key area of development is Brain-Computer Interface(脑机接口). More work on direct communication between the brain and bionic arms is required to control movements as naturally as real arms. Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures that can sense and repair themselves.
While there is still a long way to go, the future of bionics is full of possibilities. Keep learning. Keep exploring. Maybe you'll be the next one to change the world!
( ) 1.Why does the writer mention "Jinlin" at the beginning of the passage?
A. To suggest some new ideas.
B. To lead into the topic of bionics.
C. To explain the habits of fish.
D. To show the importance of bionics.
() 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Robotics and AI have developed fast because of bionics.
B. The bionic fish "Jinlin" is used for medical purposes.
C. Motors allow the bionic arms to make movements.
D. Sensors help bionic arms learn new tasks over time.
() 3.According to Paragraph 4, how would scientists make bionic arms more like real ones?
① By connecting motors with smartphones.
② By developing new materials and structures.
③ By improving Brain-Computer Interface.
④ By changing the shape and look of bionic arms.
A. ①②
B. ②③
C. ①④
D. ③④
() 4.Which of the following shows the use of bionics?
A. Drawing a picture of birds by watching real birds.
B. Building a house with natural materials like wood.
C. Designing a camera by copying some insects' eyes.
D. Learning to dance by studying monkeys' movements.
"Wow! Look at that! Isn't it a real fish?" The bionic fish(仿生鱼), named "Jinlin", was swimming naturally like a real one. It was developed by researchers at Shanghai Ocean University. This invention isn't just for fun. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics.
Over millions of years, animals and plants have developed smart ways to survive. For example, kingfishers are experts at moving fast between air and water with very little noise. Through their study, scientists discovered that the birds' long beaks enabled this ability. Then they used the knowledge to change the front of the high-speed train. This change cut down noise level, increased speed by 10% and greatly saved energy. This combination(结合) of biology and engineering is the key to bionics success and has set the stage for the rise of other new technologies.
Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly. The AI-powered bionic fish "Jinlin" can be used for environmental protection and deep sea exploration. In medicine, bionic arms can work similarly to real arms. Sensors allow the user to "feel" touch and pressure. Motors help the bionic arms make movements, like human muscles. With AI, the bionic arms are able to "learn" new tasks and become smarter over time. These inventions are examples of how bionics bridges biology and new technologies to solve human problems.
Although so much progress has been made, bionics faces challenges. Nature's designs are hard to copy perfectly. As for bionic arms, one key area of development is Brain-Computer Interface(脑机接口). More work on direct communication between the brain and bionic arms is required to control movements as naturally as real arms. Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures that can sense and repair themselves.
While there is still a long way to go, the future of bionics is full of possibilities. Keep learning. Keep exploring. Maybe you'll be the next one to change the world!
( ) 1.Why does the writer mention "Jinlin" at the beginning of the passage?
A. To suggest some new ideas.
B. To lead into the topic of bionics.
C. To explain the habits of fish.
D. To show the importance of bionics.
() 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Robotics and AI have developed fast because of bionics.
B. The bionic fish "Jinlin" is used for medical purposes.
C. Motors allow the bionic arms to make movements.
D. Sensors help bionic arms learn new tasks over time.
() 3.According to Paragraph 4, how would scientists make bionic arms more like real ones?
① By connecting motors with smartphones.
② By developing new materials and structures.
③ By improving Brain-Computer Interface.
④ By changing the shape and look of bionic arms.
A. ①②
B. ②③
C. ①④
D. ③④
() 4.Which of the following shows the use of bionics?
A. Drawing a picture of birds by watching real birds.
B. Building a house with natural materials like wood.
C. Designing a camera by copying some insects' eyes.
D. Learning to dance by studying monkeys' movements.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍仿生学的科普类阅读理解，解题时我们可以遵循"主旨先行+题干定位+选项比对"的思路：
1. 先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍仿生学的概念、应用、现存挑战和发展前景；
2. 针对每一道小题，精准定位到原文对应的段落，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对，排除和原文不符、逻辑颠倒的错误选项，选出正确答案；
3. 对于概念判断类的题目，结合文中给出的仿生学定义判断选项是否符合仿生学的范畴。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段，作者开篇介绍名为"Jinlin"的仿生鱼，紧接着引出"This invention isn't just for fun. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics."，可见举仿生鱼的例子是为了自然引入"仿生学"这一核心话题。A选项"提出新想法"、C选项"解释鱼类习性"完全不符合内容，D选项"展示仿生学的重要性"不是开篇举例的目的，开篇还未展开介绍仿生学的作用，因此排除ACD，选B。
2. 第2题：定位第三段逐一核对选项：
A选项逻辑颠倒，原文是"Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly"，即机器人技术和AI推动仿生学快速发展，而非仿生学推动机器人和AI发展，错误；
B选项错误，原文说明仿生鱼"Jinlin"可用于环保和深海探测，并非用于医疗领域；
C选项和原文"Motors help the bionic arms make movements, like human muscles."表述完全一致，正确；
D选项错误，传感器的作用是让使用者感知触摸和压力，帮助仿生臂学习新任务的是AI，并非传感器。
3. 第3题：定位第四段，文中提到优化仿生臂的两个方向：一是优化脑机接口，实现大脑和仿生臂的直接通信，二是研发可以自我感知、自我修复的新材料和新结构，也就是对应②和③的描述，①和④的内容原文完全没有提及，因此选包含②③的B选项。
4. 第4题：根据文中对仿生学的定义"人类模仿自然生物的特性解决工程等领域的问题"逐一判断选项：
A选项画鸟只是绘画创作，不属于利用生物特性发明新装置的仿生应用；
B选项用天然木材建房只是使用自然材料，不属于仿生；
C选项模仿昆虫的眼睛结构设计相机，完全符合模仿生物特性发明新技术产品的仿生学应用，正确；
D选项学猴子跳舞是模仿动作的艺术学习，不属于仿生学的应用范畴。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，科普文主旨理解，仿生概念辨析
【点评】
本题考点覆盖了开篇写作意图判断、细节信息比对、核心概念理解三类常见阅读题型，既考查学生快速从原文定位信息的能力，也要求学生能准确区分易混淆的错误表述，理解科普概念的实际内涵，是非常典型的初中科普类阅读考题。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍仿生学的科普类阅读理解，解题时我们可以遵循"主旨先行+题干定位+选项比对"的思路：
1. 先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍仿生学的概念、应用、现存挑战和发展前景；
2. 针对每一道小题，精准定位到原文对应的段落，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对，排除和原文不符、逻辑颠倒的错误选项，选出正确答案；
3. 对于概念判断类的题目，结合文中给出的仿生学定义判断选项是否符合仿生学的范畴。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段，作者开篇介绍名为"Jinlin"的仿生鱼，紧接着引出"This invention isn't just for fun. It shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics."，可见举仿生鱼的例子是为了自然引入"仿生学"这一核心话题。A选项"提出新想法"、C选项"解释鱼类习性"完全不符合内容，D选项"展示仿生学的重要性"不是开篇举例的目的，开篇还未展开介绍仿生学的作用，因此排除ACD，选B。
2. 第2题：定位第三段逐一核对选项：
A选项逻辑颠倒，原文是"Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly"，即机器人技术和AI推动仿生学快速发展，而非仿生学推动机器人和AI发展，错误；
B选项错误，原文说明仿生鱼"Jinlin"可用于环保和深海探测，并非用于医疗领域；
C选项和原文"Motors help the bionic arms make movements, like human muscles."表述完全一致，正确；
D选项错误，传感器的作用是让使用者感知触摸和压力，帮助仿生臂学习新任务的是AI，并非传感器。
3. 第3题：定位第四段，文中提到优化仿生臂的两个方向：一是优化脑机接口，实现大脑和仿生臂的直接通信，二是研发可以自我感知、自我修复的新材料和新结构，也就是对应②和③的描述，①和④的内容原文完全没有提及，因此选包含②③的B选项。
4. 第4题：根据文中对仿生学的定义"人类模仿自然生物的特性解决工程等领域的问题"逐一判断选项：
A选项画鸟只是绘画创作，不属于利用生物特性发明新装置的仿生应用；
B选项用天然木材建房只是使用自然材料，不属于仿生；
C选项模仿昆虫的眼睛结构设计相机，完全符合模仿生物特性发明新技术产品的仿生学应用，正确；
D选项学猴子跳舞是模仿动作的艺术学习，不属于仿生学的应用范畴。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，科普文主旨理解，仿生概念辨析
【点评】
本题考点覆盖了开篇写作意图判断、细节信息比对、核心概念理解三类常见阅读题型，既考查学生快速从原文定位信息的能力，也要求学生能准确区分易混淆的错误表述，理解科普概念的实际内涵，是非常典型的初中科普类阅读考题。
【难度系数】
0.7
