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七、[核心素养]阅读理解。
人与自我——生活与学习
On the evening of March 21, 2025, a 10 - year - old boy from Chiling Village, Lingshui, Hainan went fishing alone in a small boat. He didn't know that this trip would turn into a dangerous adventure.
After hours in the warm sun, he fell asleep in his small boat. When he woke up, the sky was dark. Suddenly, the wind changed direction, and strong ocean currents（洋流）pushed his boat far from the coast. The boy tried to row back, but the waves were too powerful. His boat drifted（漂流）farther and farther into the open sea. Remembering survival tips, he followed ocean currents and used stars as guides.
For nearly 17 hours, the boy floated（漂浮）on the sea. He faced terrible challenges—his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water. He was tired but calm.
Luckily, the next afternoon, a fishing boat near Houhai Bay, Sanya heard his weak cries for help. The captain and his crew quickly rescued him. They gave him bread and milk. After having them, the boy slowly regained his strength. Later, he told them his unbelievable story—he had drifted over 16 kilometres from his home!
The boy's bravery and survival skills impressed everyone. His story also reminds us of the importance of safety, especially for children. When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision（监督）.
1. 创新考法·行文方式 How does the writer start the passage?
A. By presenting a fact.
B. By giving an example.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By raising a question.
2. What difficulties did the boy experience during his drifting?
A. Cold and hunger.
B. Shark attacks.
C. Heavy fog.
D. Sunburn, thirst, and salt - covered skin.
3. What does the underlined word “regained” probably mean?
A. Gave away.
B. Got back.
C. Looked for.
D. Used up.
4. What can we learn from the story?
A. Children should never go fishing.
B. Always carry a phone when boating.
C. Safety knowledge and adult supervision are necessary.
D. The ocean is too dangerous for activities.
人与自我——生活与学习
On the evening of March 21, 2025, a 10 - year - old boy from Chiling Village, Lingshui, Hainan went fishing alone in a small boat. He didn't know that this trip would turn into a dangerous adventure.
After hours in the warm sun, he fell asleep in his small boat. When he woke up, the sky was dark. Suddenly, the wind changed direction, and strong ocean currents（洋流）pushed his boat far from the coast. The boy tried to row back, but the waves were too powerful. His boat drifted（漂流）farther and farther into the open sea. Remembering survival tips, he followed ocean currents and used stars as guides.
For nearly 17 hours, the boy floated（漂浮）on the sea. He faced terrible challenges—his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water. He was tired but calm.
Luckily, the next afternoon, a fishing boat near Houhai Bay, Sanya heard his weak cries for help. The captain and his crew quickly rescued him. They gave him bread and milk. After having them, the boy slowly regained his strength. Later, he told them his unbelievable story—he had drifted over 16 kilometres from his home!
The boy's bravery and survival skills impressed everyone. His story also reminds us of the importance of safety, especially for children. When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision（监督）.
1. 创新考法·行文方式 How does the writer start the passage?
A. By presenting a fact.
B. By giving an example.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By raising a question.
2. What difficulties did the boy experience during his drifting?
A. Cold and hunger.
B. Shark attacks.
C. Heavy fog.
D. Sunburn, thirst, and salt - covered skin.
3. What does the underlined word “regained” probably mean?
A. Gave away.
B. Got back.
C. Looked for.
D. Used up.
4. What can we learn from the story?
A. Children should never go fishing.
B. Always carry a phone when boating.
C. Safety knowledge and adult supervision are necessary.
D. The ocean is too dangerous for activities.
答案
七、1. A 推理判断题。根据“On the evening of March 21, 2025, a 10-year-old boy from Chiling Village, Lingshui, Hainan went fishing alone in a small boat.”可知，文章通过陈述一个事实开篇。
2. D 细节理解题。根据“He faced terrible challenges—his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water.”可知，男孩在漂流过程中经历了晒伤、饥饿、口渴和皮肤被海水覆盖的困难。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“After having them, the boy slowly regained his strength.”可知，男孩在吃完面包、喝完牛奶后逐渐恢复了体力，画线词的意思是“恢复”，与 got back 意思相近。
4. C 推理判断题。根据“When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision.”可知，文章强调了安全知识、生存技能以及成人监督的重要性。
2. D 细节理解题。根据“He faced terrible challenges—his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water.”可知，男孩在漂流过程中经历了晒伤、饥饿、口渴和皮肤被海水覆盖的困难。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“After having them, the boy slowly regained his strength.”可知，男孩在吃完面包、喝完牛奶后逐渐恢复了体力，画线词的意思是“恢复”，与 got back 意思相近。
4. C 推理判断题。根据“When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision.”可知，文章强调了安全知识、生存技能以及成人监督的重要性。
解析
【分析】
解题时先通读全文梳理故事完整脉络，再结合每道题的题干要求回原文定位对应信息逐一比对选项：
1. 第一题判断开篇行文方式，直接定位文章首句，发现开头直接交代了具体时间、地点、人物和事件，是客观陈述既定事实，逐一排除不符合的选项即可得出答案。
2. 第二题查找男孩漂流遇到的困难，回原文第三段找到描述他遭遇挑战的内容，把原文信息和四个选项逐一匹配，排除原文完全没有提及的困难选项就能选出正确项。
3. 第三题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的上下文：船员给了他面包和牛奶，进食后体力发生正向变化，推断出regained的含义，再和四个选项的短语含义比对匹配。
4. 第四题提炼故事启示，定位文章最后一段的主旨总结句，把选项内容和原文总结的核心观点比对，排除表述过于绝对、原文无依据的错误选项，选出符合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开篇第一句直接给出了2025年3月21日晚海南陵水10岁男孩独自驾小船出海钓鱼的具体事件，是通过呈现客观事实的方式开启全文，没有开篇举例子、开篇列数字，也没有提出问题，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段内容“his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water”，可知男孩遭遇了晒伤、衣物沾上海水盐分、没有食物和水的问题，对应选项D；选项A中的寒冷、选项B中的鲨鱼袭击、选项C中的大雾在原文均无提及，因此选D。
3. 第3题：划线词所在句前文提到船员给了男孩面包和牛奶，在进食之后男孩的体力慢慢恢复，regained此处表示“恢复、重新获得”，和B选项Got back（取回、恢复）含义一致；A选项Gave away意为“赠送、泄露”，C选项Looked for意为“寻找”，D选项Used up意为“用光”，均不符合语境，因此选B。
4. 第4题：根据原文最后一段“When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision”，可知文章传递的核心启示是安全知识和成人监督是户外活动的必要条件；A选项“孩子永远不能钓鱼”表述过于绝对，B选项“乘船必须带手机”原文无相关表述，D选项“海洋太危险不能开展活动”表述错误，因此选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解推理判断，词义猜测
【点评】
本篇阅读理解选取了贴合生活安全主题的记叙文，题目设置梯度合理，覆盖行文方式判断、细节信息提取、词义猜测、主旨启示多个常规阅读考点，既考察学生的基础文本信息处理能力，也渗透了户外安全的核心素养引导，帮助学生建立正确的户外活动安全意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
解题时先通读全文梳理故事完整脉络，再结合每道题的题干要求回原文定位对应信息逐一比对选项：
1. 第一题判断开篇行文方式，直接定位文章首句，发现开头直接交代了具体时间、地点、人物和事件，是客观陈述既定事实，逐一排除不符合的选项即可得出答案。
2. 第二题查找男孩漂流遇到的困难，回原文第三段找到描述他遭遇挑战的内容，把原文信息和四个选项逐一匹配，排除原文完全没有提及的困难选项就能选出正确项。
3. 第三题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的上下文：船员给了他面包和牛奶，进食后体力发生正向变化，推断出regained的含义，再和四个选项的短语含义比对匹配。
4. 第四题提炼故事启示，定位文章最后一段的主旨总结句，把选项内容和原文总结的核心观点比对，排除表述过于绝对、原文无依据的错误选项，选出符合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开篇第一句直接给出了2025年3月21日晚海南陵水10岁男孩独自驾小船出海钓鱼的具体事件，是通过呈现客观事实的方式开启全文，没有开篇举例子、开篇列数字，也没有提出问题，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段内容“his skin turned red from the sun, and his clothes were covered in salt from the sea water. What's worse, he had no food or water”，可知男孩遭遇了晒伤、衣物沾上海水盐分、没有食物和水的问题，对应选项D；选项A中的寒冷、选项B中的鲨鱼袭击、选项C中的大雾在原文均无提及，因此选D。
3. 第3题：划线词所在句前文提到船员给了男孩面包和牛奶，在进食之后男孩的体力慢慢恢复，regained此处表示“恢复、重新获得”，和B选项Got back（取回、恢复）含义一致；A选项Gave away意为“赠送、泄露”，C选项Looked for意为“寻找”，D选项Used up意为“用光”，均不符合语境，因此选B。
4. 第4题：根据原文最后一段“When doing outdoor activities, we must learn safety rules, master survival skills and have an adult's supervision”，可知文章传递的核心启示是安全知识和成人监督是户外活动的必要条件；A选项“孩子永远不能钓鱼”表述过于绝对，B选项“乘船必须带手机”原文无相关表述，D选项“海洋太危险不能开展活动”表述错误，因此选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解推理判断，词义猜测
【点评】
本篇阅读理解选取了贴合生活安全主题的记叙文，题目设置梯度合理，覆盖行文方式判断、细节信息提取、词义猜测、主旨启示多个常规阅读考点，既考察学生的基础文本信息处理能力，也渗透了户外安全的核心素养引导，帮助学生建立正确的户外活动安全意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
