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B
(2023·常州中考改编)Scientists
who study happiness have evidence
(证据) to show that being kind to others can
result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a
cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's
mood, for example. Everyday life is full of
chances for such actions, yet people do not
always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioural scientist Nicholas
Epley and I examined a possible explanation:
people who do kind acts underestimate (低估)
how much the ones receiving kindness value
their behaviour.
In the experiments (实验), about 1,000
people were asked to do some actions to make
someone else feel good. We asked both the
person performing (执行) the kind act and the
one receiving it to answer some questions. The
performers were asked to report their own
experience and to guess how the receivers might
feel. We wanted to understand how valuable
people considered these acts to be, so both the
performer and the receiver had to rate how "big"
the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the
performer's expectations of the receiver's mood
with the receiver's actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers
experienced more positive moods. For another,
the receivers felt much better than the kind
performers expected. The receivers also rated
these acts as "bigger" than the people
performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness
done for familiar people, such as friends,
classmates or family. But we found that
performers underestimated their positive
influences on strangers as well. In one
experiment, performers in a public park gave
away hot chocolate on a cold winter's day to
people that just happened to be nearby. Again,
the kind act brought more happiness than the
performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might
seem small could matter a great deal to the
person we do it for. Considering these warm
actions can improve our own mood and brighten
the day of another person, why not choose
kindness when we can?
6. What behaviour can lift a person's mood?
A. Listening to music alone.
B. Buying a cup of coffee for someone.
C. Cleaning the street with many friends.
D. Travelling to the countryside more often.
7. What did the receivers do in the experiments?
A. They showed kindness to others.
B. They guessed the performers' feelings.
C. They rated how valuable the performers'
act of kindness was.
D. They compared the performers' expectations
with their actual results.
8. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Different purposes of the research.
B. More evidence for the research results.
C. Possible influences of the research findings.
D. Another explanation of the research methods.
9. What do the studies and experiments show?
A. Being kind can reduce one's happiness as
expected.
B. Kindness can have far more positive
influences than expected.
C. Choosing kindness is more difficult than
expected.
D. Showing kindness is more valuable than
receiving it.
10. 语言能力 推断能力 The passage is written to
A. introduce a successful study
B. fight against dishonest behaviours
C. call on people to be a good performer
D. encourage people to show kindness to
others
(2023·常州中考改编)Scientists
who study happiness have evidence
(证据) to show that being kind to others can
result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a
cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's
mood, for example. Everyday life is full of
chances for such actions, yet people do not
always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioural scientist Nicholas
Epley and I examined a possible explanation:
people who do kind acts underestimate (低估)
how much the ones receiving kindness value
their behaviour.
In the experiments (实验), about 1,000
people were asked to do some actions to make
someone else feel good. We asked both the
person performing (执行) the kind act and the
one receiving it to answer some questions. The
performers were asked to report their own
experience and to guess how the receivers might
feel. We wanted to understand how valuable
people considered these acts to be, so both the
performer and the receiver had to rate how "big"
the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the
performer's expectations of the receiver's mood
with the receiver's actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers
experienced more positive moods. For another,
the receivers felt much better than the kind
performers expected. The receivers also rated
these acts as "bigger" than the people
performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness
done for familiar people, such as friends,
classmates or family. But we found that
performers underestimated their positive
influences on strangers as well. In one
experiment, performers in a public park gave
away hot chocolate on a cold winter's day to
people that just happened to be nearby. Again,
the kind act brought more happiness than the
performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might
seem small could matter a great deal to the
person we do it for. Considering these warm
actions can improve our own mood and brighten
the day of another person, why not choose
kindness when we can?
6. What behaviour can lift a person's mood?
A. Listening to music alone.
B. Buying a cup of coffee for someone.
C. Cleaning the street with many friends.
D. Travelling to the countryside more often.
7. What did the receivers do in the experiments?
A. They showed kindness to others.
B. They guessed the performers' feelings.
C. They rated how valuable the performers'
act of kindness was.
D. They compared the performers' expectations
with their actual results.
8. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Different purposes of the research.
B. More evidence for the research results.
C. Possible influences of the research findings.
D. Another explanation of the research methods.
9. What do the studies and experiments show?
A. Being kind can reduce one's happiness as
expected.
B. Kindness can have far more positive
influences than expected.
C. Choosing kindness is more difficult than
expected.
D. Showing kindness is more valuable than
receiving it.
10. 语言能力 推断能力 The passage is written to
encourage people to show kindness to others
.A. introduce a successful study
B. fight against dishonest behaviours
C. call on people to be a good performer
D. encourage people to show kindness to
others
答案
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了研究表明,善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。
6. B 解析:细节理解题。根据"Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's mood"可知,为某人买一杯咖啡这样简单的行为就可以提升一个人的心情。故选 B。
7. C 解析:细节理解题。根据"both the performer and the receiver had to rate how 'big' the act seemed"可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选 C。
8. B 解析:段落大意题。根据"At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people ... the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected."可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选 B。
9. B 解析:推理判断题。根据"These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for."可知,这些发现表明,看似微不足道的事情可能对我们为之做的人有很大影响。所以善良可以产生比预期更多的积极影响。故选 B。
10. D 解析:写作意图题。本文主要介绍了研究表明,善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。根据文章最后一段"why not choose kindness when we can"可推测作者鼓励人们善待他人,这是作者的写作目的。故选 D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了研究表明,善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。
6. B 解析:细节理解题。根据"Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's mood"可知,为某人买一杯咖啡这样简单的行为就可以提升一个人的心情。故选 B。
7. C 解析:细节理解题。根据"both the performer and the receiver had to rate how 'big' the act seemed"可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选 C。
8. B 解析:段落大意题。根据"At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people ... the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected."可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选 B。
9. B 解析:推理判断题。根据"These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for."可知,这些发现表明,看似微不足道的事情可能对我们为之做的人有很大影响。所以善良可以产生比预期更多的积极影响。故选 B。
10. D 解析:写作意图题。本文主要介绍了研究表明,善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。根据文章最后一段"why not choose kindness when we can"可推测作者鼓励人们善待他人,这是作者的写作目的。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇中考改编的英语说明文阅读，解题时可以先快速浏览5道题的题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，比如第6题定位“提升情绪的行为”、第7题定位“实验中接受者的行为”，带着关键词回原文对应段落查找匹配内容，细节题直接对照原文表述排除无关错误选项，主旨类、写作意图类题目结合首尾段的核心观点判断，避免脱离原文主观臆断。
【解析】
1. 第6题：细节理解题，定位原文第一段第二句“Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's mood, for example.”，直接对应“为他人买一杯咖啡”的行为，其余选项的内容原文均未提及，因此选B。
2. 第7题：细节理解题，定位原文第三段“We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and the receiver had to rate how "big" the act seemed.”，可知善意的接受者需要对善意行为的价值程度进行评分，其余选项描述的行为要么是执行者的行为，要么是研究人员的操作，均不符合要求，因此选C。
3. 第8题：段落大意题，第五段先后介绍了针对熟人的善意实验、针对公园陌生人送热巧克力的补充实验，两次实验都验证了善意带来的幸福感远超执行者的预期，是为前文的研究结论补充更多实证，其余选项的表述均不符合第五段核心内容，因此选B。
4. 第9题：推理判断题，结合全文实验结论，尤其是最后一段首句“These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for.”，可知善意带来的积极影响远比行善者预期的要大，其余选项要么和原文表意相反，要么属于无中生有的表述，因此选B。
5. 第10题：写作意图题，全文通过介绍相关研究证明善意的积极作用远超预期，最后一段用反问句“why not choose kindness when we can?”直接点明核心目的，是鼓励人们主动向他人释放善意，其余选项均不符合作者的写作初衷，因此选D。
【答案】
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；说明文主旨推断；写作意图判断
【点评】
本题难度梯度设置合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也考察学生结合全文逻辑推理核心观点的高阶阅读能力，话题贴近日常生活，同时传递了正向价值导向，引导学生理解微小善意的巨大意义。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇中考改编的英语说明文阅读，解题时可以先快速浏览5道题的题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，比如第6题定位“提升情绪的行为”、第7题定位“实验中接受者的行为”，带着关键词回原文对应段落查找匹配内容，细节题直接对照原文表述排除无关错误选项，主旨类、写作意图类题目结合首尾段的核心观点判断，避免脱离原文主观臆断。
【解析】
1. 第6题：细节理解题，定位原文第一段第二句“Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person's mood, for example.”，直接对应“为他人买一杯咖啡”的行为，其余选项的内容原文均未提及，因此选B。
2. 第7题：细节理解题，定位原文第三段“We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and the receiver had to rate how "big" the act seemed.”，可知善意的接受者需要对善意行为的价值程度进行评分，其余选项描述的行为要么是执行者的行为，要么是研究人员的操作，均不符合要求，因此选C。
3. 第8题：段落大意题，第五段先后介绍了针对熟人的善意实验、针对公园陌生人送热巧克力的补充实验，两次实验都验证了善意带来的幸福感远超执行者的预期，是为前文的研究结论补充更多实证，其余选项的表述均不符合第五段核心内容，因此选B。
4. 第9题：推理判断题，结合全文实验结论，尤其是最后一段首句“These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for.”，可知善意带来的积极影响远比行善者预期的要大，其余选项要么和原文表意相反，要么属于无中生有的表述，因此选B。
5. 第10题：写作意图题，全文通过介绍相关研究证明善意的积极作用远超预期，最后一段用反问句“why not choose kindness when we can?”直接点明核心目的，是鼓励人们主动向他人释放善意，其余选项均不符合作者的写作初衷，因此选D。
【答案】
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；说明文主旨推断；写作意图判断
【点评】
本题难度梯度设置合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也考察学生结合全文逻辑推理核心观点的高阶阅读能力，话题贴近日常生活，同时传递了正向价值导向，引导学生理解微小善意的巨大意义。
【难度系数】
0.7
