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二、阅读理解(本题有10小题,每小题2分,共计20分)
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
Instructions
Step 1: Ask 500 boys and girls from an American school, "Do you always, sometimes, or never send postcards when travelling?" Record their answers.
Step 2: Choose 50 students from them. Ask why they send postcards—or why they don't. Write down their answers.
Results
Here're some of the students' opinions.
I always send postcards during travel. I carefully choose one with a picture of a place and send it to others. In this way, I can share my feelings and interesting experiences with them.
—Emma
My dream is to be a traveller. Every time I visit a place, I send a postcard to myself. I write about exciting things or new food. These postcards are like a report(报告) of my adventures. They show all my amazing journeys.
—Mike
I never send postcards because it takes a long time to receive them! My friend Jason sent me a postcard when he was travelling in Canada. I got it two weeks later.
—Henry
How often do boys and girls send postcards?
(
A. 16%.
B. 39%.
C. 47%.
D. 55%.
(
A. To become a traveller.
B. To get others' replies.
C. To remember journeys.
D. To share trip experiences.
(
A. A survey report.
B. A road map.
C. A travel guide.
D. A thank-you letter.
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
Instructions
Step 1: Ask 500 boys and girls from an American school, "Do you always, sometimes, or never send postcards when travelling?" Record their answers.
Step 2: Choose 50 students from them. Ask why they send postcards—or why they don't. Write down their answers.
Results
Here're some of the students' opinions.
I always send postcards during travel. I carefully choose one with a picture of a place and send it to others. In this way, I can share my feelings and interesting experiences with them.
—Emma
My dream is to be a traveller. Every time I visit a place, I send a postcard to myself. I write about exciting things or new food. These postcards are like a report(报告) of my adventures. They show all my amazing journeys.
—Mike
I never send postcards because it takes a long time to receive them! My friend Jason sent me a postcard when he was travelling in Canada. I got it two weeks later.
—Henry
How often do boys and girls send postcards?
(
C
)16. What per cent(百分比) of girls sometimes send postcards?A. 16%.
B. 39%.
C. 47%.
D. 55%.
(
D
)17. Why does Emma send postcards when travelling?A. To become a traveller.
B. To get others' replies.
C. To remember journeys.
D. To share trip experiences.
(
A
)18. What is the text?A. A survey report.
B. A road map.
C. A travel guide.
D. A thank-you letter.
答案
16.C 17.D 18.A
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解析
【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，需结合文本内容与图表信息解答。第16题需定位图表中女孩“有时寄明信片”的百分比；第17题需找到Emma关于寄明信片原因的表述；第18题需判断文本类型，整体围绕学生寄明信片的调查展开。
【解析】
16题：观察右侧柱状图，“Sometimes”类别下女孩对应的百分比为47%，因此选C。
17题：根据Emma的表述“In this way, I can share my feelings and interesting experiences with them”，可知她寄明信片是为了分享旅行经历，对应D选项。
18题：文本包含调查步骤、结果及学生观点，属于调查报告，对应A选项。
【答案】
16.C 17.D 18.A
【知识点】
阅读理解，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题为基础阅读理解题，侧重信息定位与文本类型判断，只要仔细查找对应内容即可得出答案，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为阅读理解题，需结合文本内容与图表信息解答。第16题需定位图表中女孩“有时寄明信片”的百分比；第17题需找到Emma关于寄明信片原因的表述；第18题需判断文本类型，整体围绕学生寄明信片的调查展开。
【解析】
16题：观察右侧柱状图，“Sometimes”类别下女孩对应的百分比为47%，因此选C。
17题：根据Emma的表述“In this way, I can share my feelings and interesting experiences with them”，可知她寄明信片是为了分享旅行经历，对应D选项。
18题：文本包含调查步骤、结果及学生观点，属于调查报告，对应A选项。
【答案】
16.C 17.D 18.A
【知识点】
阅读理解，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题为基础阅读理解题，侧重信息定位与文本类型判断，只要仔细查找对应内容即可得出答案，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
B
①Playing games and watching videos on the smartphone are fun. But too much screen time can cause problems like bad sleep and information anxiety(焦虑). Why do these problems happen and how can you solve them?
②Melatonin is a natural sleep hormone(激素). When the day gets dark, your body starts to
make lots of melatonin. It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep. But if you use your smartphone before sleep, blue light from the screen will stop your body making melatonin. What can you do? First, don't use the screen before going to bed. Also, remember to stay outside during the day because sunlight helps you make more melatonin at night.
③Information anxiety happens when there's too much information. You may feel worried about missing something important. To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs. Ask yourself, "Do I need this information now?"Then, cut down your screen time step by step. For example, start with a 30 minutes' no-screen time. When it's easy for you, make the time longer. You can also try some fun activities without using the screen. This way, you will pay less attention to information and feel less worried.
④Use the screen correctly, and you can sleep better and feel happier.
(
A. Make the screen dark.
B. Get people ready to sleep.
C. Stop the body making hormone.
D. Help people feel more excited.
(
A. Watch interesting videos to relax.
B. Check information when studying.
C. Use screens for 30 minutes every day.
D. Think about real information needs.
(
C
①Playing games and watching videos on the smartphone are fun. But too much screen time can cause problems like bad sleep and information anxiety(焦虑). Why do these problems happen and how can you solve them?
②Melatonin is a natural sleep hormone(激素). When the day gets dark, your body starts to
make lots of melatonin. It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep. But if you use your smartphone before sleep, blue light from the screen will stop your body making melatonin. What can you do? First, don't use the screen before going to bed. Also, remember to stay outside during the day because sunlight helps you make more melatonin at night.
③Information anxiety happens when there's too much information. You may feel worried about missing something important. To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs. Ask yourself, "Do I need this information now?"Then, cut down your screen time step by step. For example, start with a 30 minutes' no-screen time. When it's easy for you, make the time longer. You can also try some fun activities without using the screen. This way, you will pay less attention to information and feel less worried.
④Use the screen correctly, and you can sleep better and feel happier.
(
B
)19. What can melatonin do according to Paragraph 2?A. Make the screen dark.
B. Get people ready to sleep.
C. Stop the body making hormone.
D. Help people feel more excited.
(
D
)20. Which is the right way to solve information anxiety?A. Watch interesting videos to relax.
B. Check information when studying.
C. Use screens for 30 minutes every day.
D. Think about real information needs.
(
D
)21. What is the correct structure(结构) of the text?C
答案
19.B 20.D 21.D
【阅读理解】
B篇
本文告诉大家太多的屏幕时间会导致睡眠不好和信息焦虑,并具体说明了问题产生的原因和解决方法,让你睡得更好,感觉更快乐。
第19题:细节理解题。根据第二段中It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep.(它让你不那么兴奋。这意味着你准备好睡觉了。)可知,褪黑素可以让人们准备睡觉,故选B。
第20题:细节理解题。根据第三段中To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs.(要解决这个问题,首先,你应该想想你的实际需求。)可知,解决信息焦虑的正确方法是考虑实际信息需求,故选D。
第21题:篇章结构题。通读文章内容可知,本文第一段总述太多的屏幕时间会导致睡眠不好和信息焦虑等问题;第二、三段分别从睡眠和信息焦虑两个方面具体说明问题出现的原因和如何解决问题;第四段总结,如果正确使用屏幕,你可以睡得更好,感觉更快乐;因此文章结构是总—分—总;再结合选项,D选项符合,故选D。
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【阅读理解】
B篇
本文告诉大家太多的屏幕时间会导致睡眠不好和信息焦虑,并具体说明了问题产生的原因和解决方法,让你睡得更好,感觉更快乐。
第19题:细节理解题。根据第二段中It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep.(它让你不那么兴奋。这意味着你准备好睡觉了。)可知,褪黑素可以让人们准备睡觉,故选B。
第20题:细节理解题。根据第三段中To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs.(要解决这个问题,首先,你应该想想你的实际需求。)可知,解决信息焦虑的正确方法是考虑实际信息需求,故选D。
第21题:篇章结构题。通读文章内容可知,本文第一段总述太多的屏幕时间会导致睡眠不好和信息焦虑等问题;第二、三段分别从睡眠和信息焦虑两个方面具体说明问题出现的原因和如何解决问题;第四段总结,如果正确使用屏幕,你可以睡得更好,感觉更快乐;因此文章结构是总—分—总;再结合选项,D选项符合,故选D。
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解析
【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的题干关键词，定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息，对比选项逐一排除错误项，选出正确答案。第19题围绕褪黑素的作用，定位第二段；第20题围绕解决信息焦虑的方法，定位第三段；第21题需梳理各段落内容，分析文章结构。
【解析】
19. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep.”可知，褪黑素能让人们准备好睡觉，对应选项B。A选项“让屏幕变黑”、C选项“阻止身体产生激素”、D选项“让人更兴奋”均与原文不符，排除。
20. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs.”可知，解决信息焦虑的正确方法是考虑自身真实需求，对应选项D。A选项“看有趣视频放松”、B选项“学习时查看信息”、C选项“每天用30分钟屏幕”均未在原文提及，排除。
21. 篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段总述过多屏幕时间会导致睡眠差、信息焦虑等问题；第二、三段分别具体说明睡眠问题和信息焦虑的原因及解决方法；第四段总结正确使用屏幕的好处，文章为总-分-总结构，对应选项D。
【答案】
19.B 20.D 21.D
【知识点】
细节理解题、篇章结构题、英语阅读理解
【点评】
本文结合学生日常使用智能手机的问题展开，贴近生活，题目以基础阅读理解题型为主，侧重考查学生定位原文信息和分析文章结构的能力，适合初中学生巩固阅读理解解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.6
解答本题需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的题干关键词，定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息，对比选项逐一排除错误项，选出正确答案。第19题围绕褪黑素的作用，定位第二段；第20题围绕解决信息焦虑的方法，定位第三段；第21题需梳理各段落内容，分析文章结构。
【解析】
19. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It makes you less excited. That means you are ready for sleep.”可知，褪黑素能让人们准备好睡觉，对应选项B。A选项“让屏幕变黑”、C选项“阻止身体产生激素”、D选项“让人更兴奋”均与原文不符，排除。
20. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“To solve this problem, first, you should think about your real needs.”可知，解决信息焦虑的正确方法是考虑自身真实需求，对应选项D。A选项“看有趣视频放松”、B选项“学习时查看信息”、C选项“每天用30分钟屏幕”均未在原文提及，排除。
21. 篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段总述过多屏幕时间会导致睡眠差、信息焦虑等问题；第二、三段分别具体说明睡眠问题和信息焦虑的原因及解决方法；第四段总结正确使用屏幕的好处，文章为总-分-总结构，对应选项D。
【答案】
19.B 20.D 21.D
【知识点】
细节理解题、篇章结构题、英语阅读理解
【点评】
本文结合学生日常使用智能手机的问题展开，贴近生活，题目以基础阅读理解题型为主，侧重考查学生定位原文信息和分析文章结构的能力，适合初中学生巩固阅读理解解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.6
