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五、阅读理解
Dongtan National Nature Reserve in Shanghai was included in UNESCO's World Heritage List（联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录）on July 26, 2024. It is a wetland on Chongming Island. As we celebrate the good news, let's learn more about wetlands.
Some areas on earth's land are covered by water or have water just below the soil. This may be all year round or for just part of the year. These places are called wetlands. Wetlands come in many forms, including rivers, lakes, forests and more. Most large wetland areas include more than one of these forms.
Wetlands are home to lots of different animals, such as frogs and snakes. Wild geese and ducks rest in wetlands during their long trips. And 66% of all the fish we eat spend at least part of their lives in wetlands.
Wetlands cover only 6% of the earth's surface, but they play an important part in nature. They can clean the dirty water from cities and farms. Wetlands trap polluted things in the water and keep them in the soil. During heavy rains, wetlands take in a lot of rainwater. What's more, wetlands help slow climate change. They take in greenhouse gases and keep them in the soil and plants. Wetlands also pull leaves and animal waste（动物粪便）down from the surface of the water.
（
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving an example.
（
A. They come in over three forms.
B. They cover a large part of the world.
C. They are home to all animals in the world.
D. They can help to increase climate change.
（
A. One third.
B. One fourth.
C. Two thirds.
D. Three fourths.
（
A. To show problems of wetlands.
B. To offer advice on protecting wetlands.
C. To give some information about wetlands.
D. To tell a trip to Dongtan National Nature Reserve.
Dongtan National Nature Reserve in Shanghai was included in UNESCO's World Heritage List（联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录）on July 26, 2024. It is a wetland on Chongming Island. As we celebrate the good news, let's learn more about wetlands.
Some areas on earth's land are covered by water or have water just below the soil. This may be all year round or for just part of the year. These places are called wetlands. Wetlands come in many forms, including rivers, lakes, forests and more. Most large wetland areas include more than one of these forms.
Wetlands are home to lots of different animals, such as frogs and snakes. Wild geese and ducks rest in wetlands during their long trips. And 66% of all the fish we eat spend at least part of their lives in wetlands.
Wetlands cover only 6% of the earth's surface, but they play an important part in nature. They can clean the dirty water from cities and farms. Wetlands trap polluted things in the water and keep them in the soil. During heavy rains, wetlands take in a lot of rainwater. What's more, wetlands help slow climate change. They take in greenhouse gases and keep them in the soil and plants. Wetlands also pull leaves and animal waste（动物粪便）down from the surface of the water.
（
D
）1. How does the writer start the passage?A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving an example.
（
A
）2. What can we know about wetlands?A. They come in over three forms.
B. They cover a large part of the world.
C. They are home to all animals in the world.
D. They can help to increase climate change.
（
C
）3. How many fish we eat spend part of their lives in wetlands?A. One third.
B. One fourth.
C. Two thirds.
D. Three fourths.
（
C
）4. What is the passage mainly about?A. To show problems of wetlands.
B. To offer advice on protecting wetlands.
C. To give some information about wetlands.
D. To tell a trip to Dongtan National Nature Reserve.
答案
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
2. A
3. C
4. C
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕湿地展开，介绍其定义、形式、作用等内容。逐个分析题目：
1. 问作者开篇方式，原文以东滩保护区列入世界遗产为例引出湿地，属于举例子，对应选项D；
2. 需结合原文细节判断选项：A对应湿地形式多样（含河流、湖泊、森林等），B错在湿地仅占地球表面6%，C错在湿地是很多动物的家园而非所有，D错在湿地减缓气候变化而非增加，故选A；
3. 直接定位原文中“66%的食用鱼至少部分时间在湿地”，66%约为三分之二，对应选项C；
4. 概括文章主旨：全文介绍湿地的相关信息，并非讲问题、保护建议或东滩之旅，故选C。
【解析】
1. 文章第一段以东滩国家自然保护区被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录为例引出湿地话题，因此作者通过举例子的方式开篇，答案选D。
2. 细节判断：A选项，根据第二段“Wetlands come in many forms, including rivers, lakes, forests and more”可知湿地有超过三种形式，正确；B选项，第四段“Wetlands cover only 6% of the earth's surface”说明湿地占比小，错误；C选项，第三段“Wetlands are home to lots of different animals”并非所有动物，错误；D选项，第四段“wetlands help slow climate change”是减缓而非增加，错误，答案选A。
3. 细节定位：根据第三段最后一句“66% of all the fish we eat spend at least part of their lives in wetlands”，66%约等于三分之二，答案选C。
4. 主旨概括：文章介绍了湿地的定义、形式、作用等相关信息，并非围绕湿地问题、保护建议或东滩之旅展开，答案选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕湿地展开，考查学生对文章细节信息的查找和主旨的概括能力，题目设置基础，需学生仔细定位原文对应内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.8
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕湿地展开，介绍其定义、形式、作用等内容。逐个分析题目：
1. 问作者开篇方式，原文以东滩保护区列入世界遗产为例引出湿地，属于举例子，对应选项D；
2. 需结合原文细节判断选项：A对应湿地形式多样（含河流、湖泊、森林等），B错在湿地仅占地球表面6%，C错在湿地是很多动物的家园而非所有，D错在湿地减缓气候变化而非增加，故选A；
3. 直接定位原文中“66%的食用鱼至少部分时间在湿地”，66%约为三分之二，对应选项C；
4. 概括文章主旨：全文介绍湿地的相关信息，并非讲问题、保护建议或东滩之旅，故选C。
【解析】
1. 文章第一段以东滩国家自然保护区被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录为例引出湿地话题，因此作者通过举例子的方式开篇，答案选D。
2. 细节判断：A选项，根据第二段“Wetlands come in many forms, including rivers, lakes, forests and more”可知湿地有超过三种形式，正确；B选项，第四段“Wetlands cover only 6% of the earth's surface”说明湿地占比小，错误；C选项，第三段“Wetlands are home to lots of different animals”并非所有动物，错误；D选项，第四段“wetlands help slow climate change”是减缓而非增加，错误，答案选A。
3. 细节定位：根据第三段最后一句“66% of all the fish we eat spend at least part of their lives in wetlands”，66%约等于三分之二，答案选C。
4. 主旨概括：文章介绍了湿地的定义、形式、作用等相关信息，并非围绕湿地问题、保护建议或东滩之旅展开，答案选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕湿地展开，考查学生对文章细节信息的查找和主旨的概括能力，题目设置基础，需学生仔细定位原文对应内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.8
